New Submissions
2026
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ekushov (2025) | Characterization of a New HIV-1 Second-Generation Circulating Recombinant Form CRF173_63A6 in the Jewish Autonomous Region of Russia. | Pathogens |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Queiros (2025) | Genetic Diversity in the Capsid Protein-Coding Region of HIV-1 Circulating in Benguela, Angola: Implications for Primary Resistance to the Novel Capsid Inhibitor Lenacapavir. | Viruses | |
| Cao (2023) | Using molecular network analysis to understand current HIV-1 transmission characteristics in an inland area of Yunnan, China. | Epidemiol Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 516 RT HIV1 group M: 516 |
| Luthuli (2023) | Generation and characterization of infectious molecular clones of transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype C viruses. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Liu (2025) | Rapid circulation of HIV-1 CRF85_BC in Southwest China: its geographic origins and molecular transmission networks analysis. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 496 RT HIV1 group M: 496 IN HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Shen (2025) | The HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Newly Confirmed and ART-Naive HIV-1-Infected MSM in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 222 RT HIV1 group M: 223 |
| Rudometova (2021) | Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations in Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes of HIV-1 Isolates from Southwestern Siberia. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 RT HIV1 group M: 55 |
| Li (2025) | High peak viraemia followed by spontaneous HIV-1 control in women living with HIV-1 subtype A1 in East Africa. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 1209 RT HIV1 group M: 1201 IN HIV1 group M: 1216 |
| Tchiakpe (2025) | Prevalence of pretreatment HIV-1 resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors in newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy-naive adults in Benin, West Africa. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
IN HIV1 group M: 107 |
| Gemechu (2025) | Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Newly Diagnosed People in Eastern Ethiopia. | Health Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 69 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Lu (2025) | Characterization of transmitted drug resistance among recently infected HIV-1 men who have sex with men in Hebei Province, China. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 23 IN HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Sebastiao (2024) | HIV-1 diversity and pre-treatment drug resistance in the era of integrase inhibitor among newly diagnosed ART-naive adult patients in Luanda, Angola. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 45 RT HIV1 group M: 45 IN HIV1 group M: 45 |
| Tran (2024) | Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 among antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in Northern Vietnam from 2019 to 2022. | Glob Health Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 387 RT HIV1 group M: 391 |
| Lunkuse (2025) | Diagnostic Accuracy of Next-Generation Sequencing: Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Associated Factors Among Adults on Integrase Inhibitors with Virologic Failure. | Viruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 174 |
| Asio (2025) | Emergence of Acquired HIV Drug Resistance Among Individuals Receiving Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A National Laboratory-Based Survey 2023. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 559 |
| Washaya (2025) | Pan-Resistant HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Highly Treated Patients with Virological Failure on Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Zimbabwe. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 72 IN HIV1 group M: 84 |
| Beck (2025) | HIV resistance to dolutegravir varies with co-administered agents. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Orlova-Morozova (2025) | Real-world efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide regimen in patients infected with HIV-1 sub-subtype A6 harbouring the L74I mutation. | HIV Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Liu (2025) | Transmitted drug resistance profiles among people living with HIV-1 in Henan province, China, 2024. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 1227 RT HIV1 group M: 1227 |
| Egger (2024) | HIV-1 subtype-specific drug resistance on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: protocol for a multicentre study (DTG RESIST). | BMJ Open |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 82 IN HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Bwire (2023) | High viral suppression and detection of dolutegravir-resistance associated mutations in treatment-experienced Tanzanian adults living with HIV-1 in Dar es Salaam. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 19 IN HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Getaneh (2022) | Evaluation of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 698 RT HIV1 group M: 699 |
2025
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loosli (2025) | Drug Resistance in People With Viremia on Dolutegravir-based Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: The DTG RESIST Study. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 233 RT HIV1 group M: 233 IN HIV1 group M: 238 |
| Salata (2023) | Predictors of virologic outcome among people living with HIV who continue a protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimen following virologic failure with no or limited resistance. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 715 RT HIV1 group M: 715 IN HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Aulicino (2024) | Variable antiviral activity of islatravir against M184I/V mutant HIV-1 selected during antiretroviral therapy. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Wei (2015) | The sexually driven epidemic in youths in China's southwestern border region was caused by dynamic emerging multiple recombinant HIV-1 strains. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 225 RT HIV1 group M: 225 IN HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Song (2020) | Retrospective analysis of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in Suzhou, China from 2009 to 2014. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 216 RT HIV1 group M: 216 |
| Rahman (2021) | HIV-1 drug resistance and genotypes circulating among HIV-positive key populations in Bangladesh: 2016 update. | Int J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Sudhakar (2024) | Molecular epidemiology of the HIV-1 epidemic in Fiji. | Npj Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 53 IN HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Sarker (2020) | Migrant workers play a key role in HIV-1 strain diversity in Bangladesh | Unpublished |
IN HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Sangeda (2021) | Development of HIV Drug Resistance in a Cohort of Adults on First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania during the Stavudine Era | Unpublished |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Patil (2020) | HIV-1 pol gene diversity and molecular dating of subtype C from Sri Lanka. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 85 RT HIV1 group M: 85 |
| Leal (2020) | Characterization of HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance in the state of Maranhao, Northeast Brazil. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 633 RT HIV1 group M: 633 |
| Lapovok (2019) | Genetic characterization of HIV-1 variants circulating in the Republic of Guinea in 2015-2017 | Unpublished |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Epalza (2024) | Transmitted Drug Resistance and HIV Diversity Among Adolescents Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Spain. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 137 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Ekollo Mbange (2021) | High HIV-1 Virological Failure and Drug Resistance among Adult Patients Receiving First-Line ART for At least 12 Months at a Decentralized Urban HIV Clinic Setting in Senegal before the Test-and-Treat. | Infect Dis (Auckl) |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Chen (2019) | Spatial clusters of HIV-1 genotypes in a recently infected population in Yunnan, China. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 411 RT HIV1 group M: 411 |
| Alonso (2025) | Prevalence of acquired resistance to antiretrovirals in children and adolescents living with HIV under clinical follow-up at the Roosevelt Hospital in Guatemala. | J Infect Public Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Wu (2024) | CRF08_BC subtype is more prone to ART failure and new-generation NNRTI-resistance under long-term first-line ART. | Int J Antimicrob Agents |
PR HIV1 group M: 1296 RT HIV1 group M: 1296 |
| Rashid (2024) | Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Genetic Diversity and Drugs Resistance Mutations among People Living with HIV in Karachi, Pakistan. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 268 RT HIV1 group M: 268 |
| Hohan (2024) | Estimating the Current Routes of Transmission in HIV-1 F1 Subtype Infected Persons in Romania: Differences Between Self-Reporting and Phylogenetic Data. | Pathogens |
PR HIV1 group M: 309 RT HIV1 group M: 312 |
| Davydenko (2024) | HIV protein profile characteristics in patients with first-time detected infection | Unpublished |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Karunaianantham (2022) | Molecular Characterization of the pol Gene of Vertically Transmitted HIV-1 Strains in Children with Virological Failure. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 112 RT HIV1 group M: 145 |
| Topcu (2024) | Mapping Transmission Dynamics and Drug Resistance Surveillance in the Cyprus HIV-1 Epidemic (2017-2021). | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 305 RT HIV1 group M: 305 IN HIV1 group M: 305 |
| Lebedev (2020) | Prevalence and spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 03_AB (CRF03_AB) in the Former Soviet Union countries. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 61 RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Dagba Gbessin (2025) | HIV-1 resistance mutations and genetic diversity among children failing antiretroviral treatment in five healthcare facilities in Benin, West Africa. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Marzinke (2023) | Extended Analysis of HIV Infection in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex with Men Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: HPTN 083. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 59 RT HIV1 group M: 59 IN HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Marzinke (2021) | Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: HPTN 083. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 63 RT HIV1 group M: 63 IN HIV1 group M: 63 |
| Ismael (2025) | HIV Drug Resistance Profile in Clients Experiencing Treatment Failure After the Transition to a Dolutegravir-Based First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen in Mozambique. | Pathogens |
PR HIV1 group M: 169 RT HIV1 group M: 169 IN HIV1 group M: 169 |
| Deuba (2023) | Prevalence of viral load suppression and acquired drug resistance among people living with HIV in Nepal: a nationally representative surveillance study. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Eshleman (2022) | HIV RNA Screening Reduces Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance Risk in Persons Receiving Long-Acting Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention. | J Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Shchemelev (2022) | Detection of Patient HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Russia's Northwestern Federal District in Patients with Treatment Failure. | Diagnostics (Basel) |
PR HIV1 group M: 449 RT HIV1 group M: 433 |
| Armenia (2024) | Use of next-generation sequencing on HIV-1 DNA to assess archived resistance in highly treatment-experienced people with multidrug-resistant HIV under virological control: data from the PRESTIGIO Registry. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 RT HIV1 group M: 91 IN HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Yu (2023) | HIV-1 Subtype Diversity and Factors Affecting Drug Resistance among Patients with Virologic Failure in Antiretroviral Therapy in Hainan Province, China, 2014-2020. | Biomed Environ Sci |
PR HIV1 group M: 241 RT HIV1 group M: 241 |
| Nkone (2022) | Deep sequencing of the HIV-1 polymerase gene for characterisation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes during early and chronic disease stages. | Virol J |
PR HIV1 group M: 88 RT HIV1 group M: 88 IN HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Li (2024) | Distinct genetic clusters in HIV-1 CRF01_AE-infected patients induced variable degrees of CD4(+) T-cell loss. | mBio |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Fofana (2023) | Prevalence of HIV-1 Natural Polymorphisms and Integrase-Resistance-Associated Mutations in African Children. | Viruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Ma (2023) | Consistency of drug-resistant mutations in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with treatment-naive and treatment-experienced HIV-1 infection. | Front Cell Infect Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 288 RT HIV1 group M: 288 |
| Loosli (2023) | HIV-1 drug resistance in people on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy: a collaborative cohort analysis. | Lancet HIV |
PR HIV1 group M: 413 RT HIV1 group M: 412 IN HIV1 group M: 460 |
| Rakotomalala (2024) | High HIV-1 genetic diversity and low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive people living with HIV in Madagascar. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 196 RT HIV1 group M: 189 IN HIV1 group M: 221 |
| Mendes Da Silva (2021) | Genetic Characterization of a New HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A in Cabo Verde, Denominated A8. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Lan (2021) | Complicated genotypes circulating among treatment naive HIV-1 patients in Guangzhou, China. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1388 RT HIV1 group M: 1388 |
| Balinda (2022) | Characterization of Near Full-Length Transmitted/Founder HIV-1 Subtype D and A/D Recombinant Genomes in a Heterosexual Ugandan Population (2006-2011). | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 30 IN HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Tchiakpe (2020) | Moderate rate of transmitted resistance mutations to antiretrovirals and genetic diversity in newly HIV-1 patients diagnosed in Benin. | BMC Res Notes |
PR HIV1 group M: 248 RT HIV1 group M: 248 IN HIV1 group M: 54 |
2024
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nagarajan (2024) | Spectrum of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibi-tor-Associated Drug Resistance Mutations in Persons Living With HIV-1 Receiving Rilpivirine | Viruses |
RT HIV1 group M: 312 |
| Zhang (2024) | Prevalence and transmission of pretreatment drug resistance in people living with HIV-1 in Shanghai China, 2017-2021. | Virulence |
PR HIV1 group M: 1508 RT HIV1 group M: 1515 |
| Wulan (2023) | Development of a multiassay algorithm (MAA) to identify recent HIV infection in newly diagnosed individuals in Indonesia. | iScience |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 27 IN HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Park (2024) | Portable Nanopore sequencing solution for next-generation HIV drug resistance testing. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 58 IN HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Gerstenberg (2024) | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Long-Acting Rilpivirine and Cabotegravir for Treatment of HIV-1 Infection-A Case Series of Five Patients With One Virologic Failure After Development of Two-Class Resistance. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Appiah (2024) | Genetic landscape for majority and minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naive patients in Accra, Ghana. | Heliyon |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Armenia (2020) | Evaluation of virological response and resistance profile in HIV-1 infected patients starting a first-line integrase inhibitor-based regimen in clinical settings. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 545 RT HIV1 group M: 545 IN HIV1 group M: 546 |
| Taiaroa (2024) | Characterising HIV-1 transmission in Victoria, Australia: a molecular epidemiological study. | Lancet Reg Health West Pac |
PR HIV1 group M: 3507 RT HIV1 group M: 3507 |
| Matsuda (2024) | Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Class in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 192 |
| Fabeni (2024) | HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed individuals in Italy over the period 2015-21. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 2386 RT HIV1 group M: 2386 IN HIV1 group M: 1831 |
| Chohan (2024) | Virologic Nonsuppression and HIV Drug Resistance Among People Who Inject Drugs and Their Sexual and Injecting Partners in Kenya. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 309 RT HIV1 group M: 309 |
| Tachbele (2021) | Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia. | Infect Drug Resist |
RT HIV1 group M: 111 |
| Yan (2021) | Acquisition and transmission of HIV-1 among migrants and Chinese in Guangzhou, China from 2008 to 2012: Phylogenetic analysis of surveillance data. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1693 RT HIV1 group M: 1693 |
| Li (2022) | Effect of Switching Antiretroviral Treatment Regimen in Patients With Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection: Retrospective Observational Cohort Study. | JMIR Public Health Surveill |
PR HIV1 group M: 101 RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Planinic (2023) | Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Transmission Clusters and Transmitted Drug-Resistant Mutations in Croatia from 2019 to 2022. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 268 RT HIV1 group M: 268 IN HIV1 group M: 264 |
| Mokgethi (2024) | High prevalence of pre-treatment and acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among non-citizens living with HIV in Botswana. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Faraci (2023) | Full-spectrum HIV drug resistance mutation detection by high-resolution complete pol gene sequencing | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 IN HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Hong (2023) | HIV-1 drug resistance and genetic transmission network among newly diagnosed people living with HIV/AIDS in Ningbo, China between 2018 and 2021. | Virol J |
PR HIV1 group M: 1093 RT HIV1 group M: 1093 |
| Fokam (2023) | Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance and Genetic Diversity in Cameroon: Implications for First-Line Regimens. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 165 RT HIV1 group M: 163 |
| de Moraes (2023) | High seroprevalence of Leishmania infantum is linked to immune activation in people with HIV: a two-stage cross-sectional study in Bahia, Brazil. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Giacobbi (2017) | In Vitro Cross-Resistance Profiles of Rilpivirine, Dapivirine, and MIV-150, Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Microbicides in Clinical Development for the Prevention of HIV-1 Infection. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Hachiya (2011) | K70Q adds high-level tenofovir resistance to "Q151M complex" HIV reverse transcriptase through the enhanced discrimination mechanism. | PLoS One |
RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Adhiambo (2021) | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 genetic diversity in HIV positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy in a cross-sectional study conducted in Teso, Western Kenya. | Pan Afr Med J |
PR HIV1 group M: 63 RT HIV1 group M: 63 |
| Abidi (2021) | Phylogenetic and Drug-Resistance Analysis of HIV-1 Sequences From an Extensive Paediatric HIV-1 Outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 337 RT HIV1 group M: 322 |
| Kelentse (2022) | High concordance in plasma and CSF HIV-1 drug resistance mutations despite high cases of CSF viral escape in individuals with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Botswana. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Godwe (2023) | Structural Features and Genetic Diversity in Gag Gene of Rare HIV-1 Subtypes from the Democratic Republic of Congo. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 148 |
2023
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brenner (2023) | Doravirine responses to HIV-1 viruses bearing mutations to NRTIs and NNRTIs under in vitro selective drug pressure. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Zhang (2022) | Analysis of HIV-1 molecular transmission network reveals the prevalence characteristics of three main HIV-1 subtypes in Shenzhen, China. | J Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 542 RT HIV1 group M: 542 |
| Wagner (2020) | HIV-1 infection among women in Israel, 2010-2018. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 311 RT HIV1 group M: 312 |
| van de Klundert (2022) | Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Eastern Europe and Russia. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 812 RT HIV1 group M: 757 IN HIV1 group M: 190 |
| Steegen (2022) | Minimal Cross-resistance to Tenofovir in Children and Adolescents Failing ART Makes Them Eligible for Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir Treatment. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
PR HIV1 group M: 650 RT HIV1 group M: 650 |
| Palumbo (2022) | Multiple Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Indonesia and Ukraine. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 79 RT HIV1 group M: 79 |
| Nunes (2022) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors among recently diagnosed adults in Porto Alegre, South Brazil. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Liu (2022) | Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Henan Province, China. | Chin Med J (Engl) |
PR HIV1 group M: 1227 RT HIV1 group M: 1228 |
| Lan (2022) | Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors among HIV-1-Infected Adults in Guangdong, China. | Pathogens |
IN HIV1 group M: 1206 |
| Hermans (2020) | Drug level testing as a strategy to determine eligibility for drug resistance testing after failure of ART: a retrospective analysis of South African adult patients on second-line ART. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 835 RT HIV1 group M: 835 |
| Giovanetti (2022) | Analysis of HIV-1 integrase genotypes and polymorphisms among integrase inhibitors-based antiretroviral treatment naive patients in South Sudan. | J Med Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Bivigou-Mboumba (2022) | HIV Genetic Diversity, Virological Failure, and Drug Resistance in Libreville, Capital of Gabon, before a Total Dolutegravir-Based Regimen Transition | Direct Genbank Submission |
RT HIV1 group M: 166 |
| Bareng (2022) | HIV-1C in-House RNA-Based Genotyping Assay for Detection of Drug Resistance Mutations in Samples with Low-Level Viral Loads. | Infect Drug Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 60 RT HIV1 group M: 69 |
| An (2021) | Independent epidemic patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE lineages driven by mobile population in Shenzhen, an immigrant city of China. | Virus Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 757 RT HIV1 group M: 757 |
| Bowman (2023) | Real world use of dolutegravir two drug regimens. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Diaz (2023) | Dolutegravir-associated resistance mutations after first-line treatment failure in Brazil. | BMC Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 111 |
| Zhang (2022) | Using molecular network analysis to explore the characteristics of HIV-1 transmission in a China-Myanmar border area. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 476 RT HIV1 group M: 480 |
| Safina (2022) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Oryol Oblast, Russia. | Virus Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 776 RT HIV1 group M: 776 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Li (2022) | HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance and genetic transmission network in the southwest border region of China. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 295 RT HIV1 group M: 295 |
| Engone-Ondo (2022) | HIV-1 non-B resistance mutations and natural polymorphisms to integrase strand transfer inhibitors in recently diagnosed patients in Gabon, Central Africa. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 98 |
| de Jesus Herrera-Castillo (2022) | Retrospective study of HIV drug resistance in Mexican children with vertically transmitted infection. | World J Pediatr |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Clipman (2022) | Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in HIV Sequences From People Who Inject Drugs and Men Who Have Sex With Men Across 21 Cities in India. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 915 RT HIV1 group M: 915 |
| Armenia (2023) | Evaluation of integrase resistance in individuals who failed a regimen containing dolutegravir in French and Italian clinical settings. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Appah (2022) | Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Ghana: Subtype Distribution, Drug Resistance and Coreceptor Usage. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 91 RT HIV1 group M: 91 IN HIV1 group M: 89 |
| An (2021) | The Viral Founder Effect and Economic-Driven Human Mobility Shaped the Distinct Epidemic Pattern of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Northeast China. | Front Med (Lausanne) |
PR HIV1 group M: 335 RT HIV1 group M: 335 |
| Merati (2021) | Prevalence of HIV Infection and Resistance Mutations in Patients Hospitalized for Febrile Illness in Indonesia. | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Grant (2022) | A large population sample of African HIV genomes from the 1980s reveals a reduction in subtype D over time associated with propensity for CXCR4 tropism. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 106 RT HIV1 group M: 102 IN HIV1 group M: 109 |
| Scriven (2021) | Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 113 RT HIV1 group M: 113 |
| Kirichenko (2022) | Prevalence of Pretreatment HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Armenia in 2017-2018 and 2020-2021 following a WHO Survey. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 253 RT HIV1 group M: 253 |
| Got (2021) | Absence of Resistance Mutations in the Integrase Coding Region among ART-Experienced Patients in the Republic of the Congo. | Microorganisms |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 77 IN HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Fan (2022) | Prevalence of resistance mutations associated with integrase inhibitors in therapy-naive HIV-positive patients in Baoding, Hebei province, China. | Front Genet |
IN HIV1 group M: 127 |
| de Azevedo (2022) | HIV-1 Diversity and Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naive Children and Adolescents from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 131 RT HIV1 group M: 131 |
| Chehadeh (2020) | Virologic failure after 48 weeks of raltegravir-based regimen in low HIV-1 incidence setting. | Antivir Chem Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Maksimenko (2022) | Novel HIV-1 A6/B recombinant forms (CRF133_A6B and URF_A6/B) circulating in Krasnoyarsk region, Russia. | J Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 RT HIV1 group M: 11 IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Topcu (2022) | Comparative HIV-1 Phylogenies Characterized by PR/RT, Pol and Near-Full-Length Genome Sequences. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 129 RT HIV1 group M: 129 IN HIV1 group M: 129 |
| Pujol-Hodge (2022) | Detection of HIV-1 Transmission Clusters from Dried Blood Spots within a Universal Test-and-Treat Trial in East Africa. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 488 RT HIV1 group M: 488 |
| Kusagawa (2021) | Nucleotide Sequence of HIV-1-Positive Specimen Reference Panel for Evaluation of HIV In Vitro Diagnostics in Japan. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 173 RT HIV1 group M: 173 |
| Treurnicht (2010) | Adaptive changes in HIV-1 subtype C proteins during early infection are driven by changes in HLA-associated immune pressure. | Virology | |
| Stekler (2018) | Transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations within partner-pairs: A cross-sectional study of a primary HIV infection cohort. | PLoS Med | |
| Pace (2006) | Population level analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hypermutation and its relationship with APOBEC3G and vif genetic variation. | J Virol | |
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| Harris (2002) | Among 46 near full length HIV type 1 genome sequences from Rakai District, Uganda, subtype D and AD recombinants predominate. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Cho (2021) | Sequence Length of HIV-1 Subtype B Increases over Time: Analysis of a Cohort of Patients with Hemophilia over 30 Years. | Viruses | |
| Cho (2019) | Genetic Analysis of the Full-Length gag Gene from the Earliest Korean Subclade B of HIV-1: An Outbreak among Korean Hemophiliacs. | Viruses | |
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| Steain (2005) | HIV type 1 sequence diversity and dual infections in Kenya. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Monaco (2016) | Balance between transmitted HLA preadapted and nonassociated polymorphisms is a major determinant of HIV-1 disease progression. | J Exp Med | |
| Manak (2012) | Pilot studies for development of an HIV subtype panel for surveillance of global diversity. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Tsai (2020) | Impact of HLA-B*52:01-Driven Escape Mutations on Viral Replicative Capacity. | J Virol | |
| Techakriengkrai (2013) | Poor HIV control in HLA-B*27 and B*57/58 noncontrollers is associated with limited number of polyfunctional Gag p24-specific CD8+ T cells. | AIDS | |
| Serwanga (2012) | Profile of T cell recognition of HIV type 1 consensus group M Gag and Nef peptides in a clade A1- and D-infected Ugandan population. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Schneidewind (2009) | Transmission and long-term stability of compensated CD8 escape mutations. | J Virol | |
| Saina (2015) | Comparison of HIV-1 nef and gag Variations and Host HLA Characteristics as Determinants of Disease Progression among HIV-1 Vertically Infected Kenyan Children. | PLoS One | |
| Peters (2008) | An integrative bioinformatic approach for studying escape mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort. | J Virol | |
| Payne (2014) | Impact of HLA-driven HIV adaptation on virulence in populations of high HIV seroprevalence. | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | |
| Ntale (2012) | Temporal association of HLA-B*81:01- and HLA-B*39:10-mediated HIV-1 p24 sequence evolution with disease progression. | J Virol | |
| Leitman (2017) | HLA-B*14:02-Restricted Env-Specific CD8(+) T-Cell Activity Has Highly Potent Antiviral Efficacy Associated with Immune Control of HIV Infection. | J Virol | |
| Kiepiela (2004) | Dominant influence of HLA-B in mediating the potential co-evolution of HIV and HLA. | Nature | |
| Kahle (2014) | HIV-1 subtype C is not associated with higher risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission: a multinational study among HIV-1 serodiscordant couples. | AIDS | |
| Henn (2012) | Whole genome deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals the impact of early minor variants upon immune recognition during acute infection. | PLoS Pathog | |
| Gupta (2005) | Analysis of HIV type 1 subtype C full-length gag gene sequences from India: novel observations and plausible implications. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Granier (2013) | Pressure from TRIM5a contributes to control of HIV-1 replication by individuals expressing protective HLA-B alleles. | J Virol | |
| Geldmacher (2009) | Minor viral and host genetic polymorphisms can dramatically impact the biologic outcome of an epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response. | Blood | |
| Garcia-Knight (2016) | Viral Evolution and Cytotoxic T Cell Restricted Selection in Acute Infant HIV-1 Infection. | Sci Rep | |
| Dilernia (2008) | HLA-driven convergence of HIV-1 viral subtypes B and F toward the adaptation to immune responses in human populations. | PLoS One | |
| de Silva (2018) | HLA-associated polymorphisms in the HIV-2 capsid highlight key differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2 immune adaptation. | AIDS | |
| Currier (2006) | CTL epitope distribution patterns in the Gag and Nef proteins of HIV-1 from subtype A infected subjects in Kenya: use of multiple peptide sets increases the detectable breadth of the CTL response. | BMC Immunol | |
| Cotton (2014) | Genotypic and functional impact of HIV-1 adaptation to its host population during the North American epidemic. | PLoS Genet | |
| Chang (2015) | HIV-infected sex workers with beneficial HLA-variants are potential hubs for selection of HIV-1 recombinants that may affect disease progression. | Sci Rep | |
| Buranapraditkun (2011) | A novel immunodominant CD8+ T cell response restricted by a common HLA-C allele targets a conserved region of Gag HIV-1 clade CRF01_AE infected Thais. | PLoS One | |
| Buggert (2012) | Characterization of HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses against peptides selected with broad population and pathogen coverage. | PLoS One | |
| Brockman (2010) | Early selection in Gag by protective HLA alleles contributes to reduced HIV-1 replication capacity that may be largely compensated for in chronic infection. | J Virol | |
| Bhattacharya (2007) | Founder effects in the assessment of HIV polymorphisms and HLA allele associations. | Science | |
| Banin (2019) | Development of a Versatile, Near Full Genome Amplification and Sequencing Approach for a Broad Variety of HIV-1 Group M Variants. | Viruses | |
| Arcia (2019) | Potential immune escape mutations under inferred selection pressure in HIV-1 strains circulating in Medellin, Colombia. | Infect Genet Evol | |
| Kawashima (2009) | Adaptation of HIV-1 to human leukocyte antigen class I. | Nature | |
| Zhang (2017) | Phylodynamic Analysis Revealed That Epidemic of CRF07_BC Strain in Men Who Have Sex with Men Drove Its Second Spreading Wave in China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Zeng (2014) | Reconstituting the epidemic history of mono lineage of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Guizhou province, Southern China. | Infect Genet Evol | |
| Smolen (2010) | HIV type 1 genetic diversity in Silesia, Poland: a retrospective analysis. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Sharma (2018) | Comparative genetic variability in HIV-1 subtype C p24 Gene in early age groups of infants. | Virus Genes | |
| Rousseau (2008) | HLA class I-driven evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype c proteome: immune escape and viral load. | J Virol | |
| Peeters (2000) | Predominance of subtype A and G HIV type 1 in Nigeria, with geographical differences in their distribution. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Monteiro (2009) | Genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Bahia state, Northeast, Brazil: high diversity of HIV genotypes. | J Med Virol | |
| Marques (2018) | Potential overestimation of HIV-1 sub-subtype F1 circulation in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz | |
| Louwagie (1993) | Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provides evidence for multiple genotypes. | AIDS | |
| de Oliveira (2008) | High frequency of BF mosaic genomes among HIV-1-infected children from Sao Paulo, Brazil. | Arch Virol | |
| Brumme (2008) | Human leukocyte antigen-specific polymorphisms in HIV-1 Gag and their association with viral load in chronic untreated infection. | AIDS | |
| Bredell (2007) | HIV type 1 subtype C gag and nef diversity in Southern Africa. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Bikandou (2004) | Genetic subtyping of gag and env regions of HIV type 1 isolates in Republic of Congo. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Araujo (2010) | Lower prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Brazilian subtype B found in northeastern Brazil with slower progression to AIDS. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Vidal (2000) | Unprecedented degree of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M genetic diversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo suggests that the HIV-1 pandemic originated in Central Africa. | J Virol | |
| Vergne (2003) | Biological and genetic characteristics of HIV infections in Cameroon reveals dual group M and O infections and a correlation between SI-inducing phenotype of the predominant CRF02_AG variant and disease stage. | Virology | |
| Tongo (2013) | Characterization of HIV-1 gag and nef in Cameroon: further evidence of extreme diversity at the origin of the HIV-1 group M epidemic. | Virol J | |
| Shao (2016) | Molecular epidemiology is becoming complex under the dynamic HIV prevalence: The perspective from Harbin, China. | J Med Virol | |
| Mamadou (2002) | Predominance of CRF02-AG and CRF06-cpx in Niger, West Africa. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses | |
| Laeyendecker (2013) | Estimation of HIV incidence in a large, community-based, randomized clinical trial: NIMH project accept (HIV Prevention Trials Network 043). | PLoS One | |
| Berg (2016) | A Pan-HIV Strategy for Complete Genome Sequencing. | J Clin Microbiol | |
| Barugahare (2005) | Human immunodeficiency virus-specific responses in adult Ugandans: patterns of cross-clade recognition. | J Virol | |
| Arimide (2022) | Molecular Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of the HIV-1 Epidemic in Ethiopia: Epidemic Decline Coincided With Behavioral Interventions Before ART Scale-Up. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 144 RT HIV1 group M: 144 IN HIV1 group M: 459 |
| Abad (2021) | Prevalent subtypes and one-year outcomes of an HIV-cohort from an urban Philippine center. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 70 IN HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Farinre (2021) | Subtype-specific differences in Gag-protease replication capacity of HIV-1 isolates from East and West Africa. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 358 |
| Gupta-Wright (2020) | Virological failure, HIV-1 drug resistance, and early mortality in adults admitted to hospital in Malawi: an observational cohort study. | Lancet HIV |
PR HIV1 group M: 329 RT HIV1 group M: 334 IN HIV1 group M: 312 |
| Hebberecht (2020) | High frequency of new recombinant forms in HIV-1 transmission networks demonstrated by full genome sequencing. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 IN HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Guan (2020) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Jiangmen, China. | J Med Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 188 |
| Zhang (2020) | Genetic Diversity, Complicated Recombination, and Deteriorating Drug Resistance Among HIV-1-Infected Individuals in Wuhan, China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 101 RT HIV1 group M: 98 |
| Chen (2020) | Laos is Affected by HIV CRF01_AE and the Newly Identified CRF97_01B. | Virol Sin |
PR HIV1 group M: 59 RT HIV1 group M: 57 IN HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Alves (2019) | Estimating HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Brazil Through Next-Generation Sequencing. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 26 IN HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Hebberecht (2019) | Single genome sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 RNA using a limiting dilution approach. | J Virol Methods |
PR HIV1 group M: 77 RT HIV1 group M: 77 IN HIV1 group M: 77 |
| Chang (2020) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and recombinant forms among men who have sex with men at a sentinel surveillance site in Xi'an City, China. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 79 RT HIV1 group M: 80 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Pessoa (2014) | Deep sequencing of HIV-1 near full-length proviral genomes identifies high rates of BF1 recombinants including two novel circulating recombinant forms (CRF) 70_BF1 and a disseminating 71_BF1 among blood donors in Pernambuco, Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 24 IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Capel (2012) | Evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease: effects on viral replication capacity and protease robustness. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 150 |
| Jia (2019) | Two-year cross-sectional studies reveal that single, young MSMs in Shenzhen, China are at high risk for HIV infection. | Virol J |
PR HIV1 group M: 408 RT HIV1 group M: 409 |
| Chen (2019) | Increased predominance of HIV-1 CRF01_AE and its recombinants in the Philippines. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 23 IN HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Kiguoya (2017) | Subtype-Specific Differences in Gag-Protease-Driven Replication Capacity Are Consistent with Intersubtype Differences in HIV-1 Disease Progression. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Tully (2016) | Differences in the Selection Bottleneck between Modes of Sexual Transmission Influence the Genetic Composition of the HIV-1 Founder Virus. | PLoS Pathog |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 71 IN HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Luk (2015) | Utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Characterization of HIV and Human Pegivirus Diversity. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 IN HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Ndiaye (2013) | HIV type 1 subtype C remains the predominant subtype in men having sex with men in Senegal. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 60 RT HIV1 group M: 60 |
| Chen (2017) | First description of two new HIV-1 recombinant forms CRF82_cpx and CRF83_cpx among drug users in Northern Myanmar. | Virulence |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 IN HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Roberts (2015) | Structured observations reveal slow HIV-1 CTL escape. | PLoS Genet |
PR HIV1 group M: 115 RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| Kinloch (2019) | Genotypic and Mechanistic Characterization of Subtype-Specific HIV Adaptation to Host Cellular Immunity. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 340 |
| Sun (2019) | Multiple HIV-1 subtypes were found circulating in Shijingshan District of Beijing, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 109 RT HIV1 group M: 110 IN HIV1 group M: 62 |
| Chang (2018) | Molecular epidemiology of a primarily MSM acute HIV-1 cohort in Bangkok, Thailand and connections within networks of transmission in Asia. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 127 RT HIV1 group M: 127 IN HIV1 group M: 178 |
| Xuan (2018) | High prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance among therapy-naive Burmese entering travelers at Dehong ports in Yunnan, China | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Yebra (2018) | A high HIV-1 strain variability in London, UK, revealed by full-genome analysis: Results from the ICONIC project. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 314 RT HIV1 group M: 268 IN HIV1 group M: 251 |
| Manasa (2017) | Evolution of gag and gp41 in Patients Receiving Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitors. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 159 RT HIV1 group M: 148 |
| Chen (2016) | Fast Dissemination of New HIV-1 CRF02/A1 Recombinants in Pakistan. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 34 IN HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Ren (2017) | Epidemiology reveals Zhaotong City as the hub of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission from the Yunnan province to other regions in China. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 88 RT HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Neogi (2017) | Recent increased identification and transmission of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms in Sweden. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 83 IN HIV1 group M: 83 |
| Lu (2018) | Regional Transmission Pattern of HIV-1 Non-CRF01_AE Strains Circulating in Hebei Province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 317 RT HIV1 group M: 317 |
| Yao (2015) | Trends of subtype variation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Zhejiang Province, China. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 229 RT HIV1 group M: 229 |
| Heipertz (2016) | Significant contribution of subtype G to HIV-1 genetic complexity in Nigeria identified by a newly developed subtyping assay specific for subtype G and CRF02_AG. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 IN HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Rodgers (2017) | Sensitive next-generation sequencing method reveals deep genetic diversity of HIV-1 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Billings (2017) | HIV-1 genetic diversity among incident infections in Mbeya, Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 95 RT HIV1 group M: 95 IN HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Wang (2015) | HIV prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics among entry travelers in Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan province, between 2003 and 2012. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 223 RT HIV1 group M: 223 |
| Giandhari (2015) | Genetic changes in HIV-1 gag-protease associated with protease inhibitor-based therapy failure in pediatric patients. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Huang (2009) | Prevalence of HIV type-1 drug-associated mutations in pre-therapy patients in the Free State, South Africa. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 238 RT HIV1 group M: 248 |
| Li (2005) | Molecular epidemiology of the heterosexual HIV-1 transmission in Kunming, Yunnan province of China suggests origin from the local IDU epidemic. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Pessoa (2015) | Enhanced detection of viral diversity using partial and near full-length genomes of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 provirus deep sequencing data from recently infected donors at four blood centers in Brazil. | Transfusion |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 43 IN HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Sutherland (2015) | Gag-protease sequence evolution following protease inhibitor monotherapy treatment failure in HIV-1 viruses circulating in East Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 |
| Margot (2010) | Phenotypic susceptibility to bevirimat in isolates from HIV-1-infected patients without prior exposure to bevirimat. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Li (2012) | Tracing the origin and history of HIV-1 subtype B' epidemic by near full-length genome analyses. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 33 IN HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Li (2014) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Jilin province, northeastern China: emergence of a new CRF07_BC transmission cluster and intersubtype recombinants. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Feng (2013) | The rapidly expanding CRF01_AE epidemic in China is driven by multiple lineages of HIV-1 viruses introduced in the 1990s. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 75 RT HIV1 group M: 75 IN HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Han (2015) | Development of an HIV-1 subtype panel in China: isolation and characterization of 30 HIV-1 primary strains circulating in China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 27 IN HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Hora (2015) | Genetic characterization of a panel of diverse HIV-1 isolates at seven international sites. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 166 RT HIV1 group M: 166 IN HIV1 group M: 166 PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Amogne (2016) | Phylogenetic analysis of Ethiopian HIV-1 Subtype C near full-length genomes reveals high intrasubtype diversity and a strong geographical cluster. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 133 RT HIV1 group M: 133 IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Martin (2014) | Early immune adaptation in HIV-1 revealed by population-level approaches. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 116 RT HIV1 group M: 116 IN HIV1 group M: 126 |
| Van Tran (2016) | A strong association of human leukocyte antigen-associated Pol and Gag mutations with clinical parameters in HIV-1 subtype A/E infection. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 359 RT HIV1 group M: 359 IN HIV1 group M: 359 |
| Billings (2016) | The number and complexity of pure and recombinant HIV-1 strains observed within incident infections during the HIV and malaria cohort study conducted in Kericho, Kenya, from 2003 to 2006. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 58 IN HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Li (2015) | CRF07_BC strain dominates the HIV-1 epidemic in injection drug users in Liangshan prefecture of Sichuan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 283 RT HIV1 group M: 284 IN HIV1 group M: 284 |
| Grossmann (2015) | Subtype-independent near full-length HIV-1 genome sequencing and assembly to be used in large molecular epidemiological studies and clinical management. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 24 IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Wang (2015) | HIV-1 prevalence and subtype/recombinant distribution among travelers entering China from Vietnam at the HeKou port in the Yunnan province, China, between 2003 and 2012. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 78 RT HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Li (2012) | Recombination form and epidemiology of HIV-1 unique recombinant strains identified in Yunnan, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 58 IN HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Chikata (2014) | Host-specific adaptation of HIV-1 subtype B in the Japanese population. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 363 RT HIV1 group M: 360 IN HIV1 group M: 363 |
| Niama (2006) | HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in the Republic of Congo. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Kemal (2013) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 subtypes in Rwanda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Han (2013) | High prevalence of HIV-1 intersubtype BC recombinants among injecting drug users in Dehong, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 95 RT HIV1 group M: 95 |
| Kousiappa (2011) | Molecular characterization of HIV type 1 strains from newly diagnosed patients in Cyprus (2007-2009) recovers multiple clades including unique recombinant strains and lack of transmitted drug resistance. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 74 RT HIV1 group M: 74 IN HIV1 group M: 74 |
| Kijak (2013) | HIV-1 prevalence and subtype distribution in HIV-1 positive volunteers deferred from enrollment in a phase III prime-boost HIV-1 vaccine trial in Thailand | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 IN HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Ye (2011) | Sequence analysis of the gag-pol gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of intersubtype (B/C) recombinant strain in Beijing, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Wang (2009) | Protective HLA class I alleles that restrict acute-phase CD8+ T-cell responses are associated with viral escape mutations located in highly conserved regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 91 RT HIV1 group M: 91 IN HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Li (2013) | Genetic characterization and transmitted drug resistance of the HIV type 1 epidemic in men who have sex with men in Beijing, China | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 76 IN HIV1 group M: 76 |
| An (2012) | Reconstituting the epidemic history of HIV strain CRF01_AE among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Liaoning, northeastern China: Implications for the expanding epidemic among MSM in China | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 IN HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Musyoki (2012) | Genetic characterization of HIV before widespread testing of HIV vaccine candidates at a clinical trial site in Pretoria, South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Lazaro (2011) | Molecular characterization of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and impact of T-cell epitope mutations on HLA recognition (ANRS 12159). | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 96 RT HIV1 group M: 95 |
| Sanabani (2011) | Characterization of partial and near full-length genomes of HIV-1 strains sampled from recently infected individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 50 IN HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Matthews (2008) | Central role of reverting mutations in HLA associations with human immunodeficiency virus set point. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 406 RT HIV1 group M: 428 IN HIV1 group M: 268 |
| Li (2011) | High prevalence of HIV type 1 subtype B' among heterosexuals in western Hubei, Central China: Bridging the epidemic into the general population. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Wright (2011) | Influence of Gag-protease-mediated replication capacity on disease progression in individuals recently infected with HIV-1 subtype C. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Kousiappa (2009) | Near full-length genetic analysis of HIV sequences derived from Cyprus: evidence of a highly polyphyletic and evolving infection. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 77 RT HIV1 group M: 77 IN HIV1 group M: 77 |
| Wright (2010) | Gag-protease-mediated replication capacity in HIV-1 subtype C chronic infection: Associations with HLA type and clinical parameters. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 405 |
| Carr (2010) | HIV-1 recombinants with multiple parental strains in low-prevalence, remote regions of Cameroon: Evolutionary relics?. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 23 IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Baker (2007) | HIV subtypes distribution and implication for antiretroviral treatment in a Ugandan population. | J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) |
PR HIV1 group M: 74 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Knops (2010) | Evolution of protease inhibitor resistance in the gag and pol genes of HIV subtype G isolates. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Brumme (2009) | HLA-associated immune escape pathways in HIV-1 subtype B gag, pol and nef proteins. | PLoS Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 683 RT HIV1 group M: 1059 IN HIV1 group M: 976 |
| Tovanabutra (2010) | Evaluation of HIV type 1 strains in men having sex with men and in female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 IN HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Liao (2009) | Phylodynamic analysis of the dissemination of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Vietnam. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 33 IN HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Iweriebor (2012) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV in two highly endemic areas of northeastern South Africa. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Kousiappa (2009) | Genetic analysis of HIV type 1 strains from newly infected untreated patients in Cyprus: high genetic diversity and low prevalence of drug resistance. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Brennan (2008) | The prevalence of diverse HIV-1 strains was stable in Cameroonian blood donors from 1996 to 2004. | JAIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 572 |
| Brennan (2007) | HIV-1 strains identified in Brazilian blood donors: Significant prevalence of B/F1 recombinants. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 82 |
| Kijak (2004) | Development and application of a high-throughput HIV type 1 genotyping assay to identify CRF02_AG in West/West Central Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 51 IN HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Badreddine (2007) | Identification and characterization of HIV type 1 subtypes present in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: High level of genetic diversity found. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Arroyo (2004) | HIV type 1 subtypes among blood donors in the Mbeya region of southwest Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 IN HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Watanaveeradej (2006) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in preparation for a phase III prime-boost vaccine trial in Thailand and a new approach to HIV type 1 genotyping. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 26 IN HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Rousseau (2006) | Large-scale amplification, cloning and sequencing of near full-length HIV-1 subtype C genomes. | J Virol Methods |
PR HIV1 group M: 271 RT HIV1 group M: 265 IN HIV1 group M: 266 |
| Brown (2005) | Biologic and genetic characterization of a panel of 60 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates, representing clades A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, for the development and assessment of candidate vaccines. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 IN HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Tovanabutra (2004) | The changing molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 among northern Thai drug users, 1999 to 2002. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 RT HIV1 group M: 38 IN HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Yang (2004) | Genetic diversity and high proportion of intersubtype recombinants among HIV type 1-infected pregnant women in Kisumu, western Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Vidal (2003) | High genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains in Chad, West Central Africa. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Carr (2001) | Diverse BF recombinants have spread widely since the introduction of HIV-1 into South America. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 IN HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Yang (2002) | On-going generation of multiple forms of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in the Yunnan Province of China. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Novitsky (2002) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C molecular phylogeny: consensus sequence for an AIDS vaccine design? | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 IN HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Dowling (2002) | Forty-one near full-length HIV-1 sequences from Kenya reveal an epidemic of subtype A and A-containing recombinants. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 IN HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Novitsky (1999) | Molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C: A set of 23 full-length clones from Botswana. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
2022
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grant (2020) | Pervasive and non-random recombination in near full-length HIV genomes from Uganda. | Virus Evol | |
| Zhao (2021) | Identification, Genetic Characterization and Validation of Highly Diverse HIV-1 Viruses for Reference Panel Development. | Viruses | |
| Wagner (2022) | HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) and Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs) in Israel, 2010-2018. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 186 RT HIV1 group M: 187 |
| Kumarasamy (2015) | Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy as Second-line Antiretroviral Treatment in Resource-Limited Settings: Week 104 Analysis of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5230. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 151 RT HIV1 group M: 151 |
| Palumbo (2019) | HIV drug resistance in persons who inject drugs enrolled in an HIV prevention trial in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam: HPTN 074. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 449 RT HIV1 group M: 449 |
| Vavro (2022) | Emergence of Resistance in HIV-1 Integrase with Dolutegravir Treatment in a Pediatric Population from the IMPAACT P1093 Study. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Mens (2022) | Emergence of the G118R Pan-Integrase Resistance Mutation as a Result of Low Compliance to a Dolutegravir-Based cART. | Infect Dis Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Saleeva (2020) | Genetic characteristic of HIV-1 in patients with treatment failure in Kyrgyzstan in 2017-2018 | EU HIV&HEP WS |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Yang (2021) | Prevalence of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTIs) resistance mutations in Henan Province, China (2018-2020). | Infection |
IN HIV1 group M: 999 |
| Underwood (2022) | Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms and Structural Characteristics in Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced, Integrase Inhibitor-Naive Adults with HIV-1 Infection Treated with Dolutegravir plus Two Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in the DAWNING Study. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Ssemwanga (2012) | HIV type 1 subtype distribution, multiple infections, sexual networks, and partnership histories in female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 241 |
| Rubio-Garrido (2021) | High drug resistance levels could compromise the control of HIV infection in paediatric and adolescent population in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 50 IN HIV1 group M: 37 |
| McCluskey (2021) | Pre-treatment integrase inhibitor resistance is uncommon in antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals with HIV-1 subtype A1 and D infections in Uganda. | AIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 524 |
| Henerico (2022) | Primary Resistance Against Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors in Dolutegravir Naive Patients Failing First- and Second-Line ART in Tanzania | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Fabeni (2021) | Molecular Transmission Dynamics of Primary HIV Infections in Lazio Region, Years 2013-2020. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 229 RT HIV1 group M: 229 |
| De Miguel (2020) | Dolutegravir plus lamivudine for maintenance of HIV viral suppression in adults with and without historical resistance to lamivudine: 48-week results of a non-randomized, pilot clinical trial (ART-PRO). | EBioMedicine |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 IN HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Yu (2022) | Drug Resistance to HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Among Treatment-Naive Patients in Beijing, China. | Pharmgenomics Pers Med |
IN HIV1 group M: 859 |
| Trebelcock (2019) | HIV pretreatment drug resistance among cisgender MSM and transgender women from Lima, Peru. | J Int AIDS Soc |
RT HIV1 group M: 470 |
| Shi (2021) | Molecular transmission networks and pre-treatment drug resistance among individuals with acute HIV-1 infection in Baoding, China. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 114 RT HIV1 group M: 117 |
| Quansah (2022) | Transmitted Drug Resistance of Circulating HIV-1 Sub-types in ART-naive HIV Patients in Ghana | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Mortier (2022) | Prevalence and Evolution of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance in Belgium Between 2013 and 2019. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 633 RT HIV1 group M: 631 |
| Maruapula (2022) | Low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral naive individuals in Botswana. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Kiros (2022) | Low level of HIV-1C integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance#mutations among recently diagnosed ART-naive Ethiopians | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 46 |
| Gare (2022) | High prevalence of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance in Papua New Guinea: findings from the first nationally representative pre-treatment HIV drug resistance study. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 316 RT HIV1 group M: 316 |
| Watera (2021) | HIV drug resistance among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 351 RT HIV1 group M: 351 |
| Cousins (2017) | Population sequencing analysis of samples from the MetroMates Study | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 104 RT HIV1 group M: 104 |
| Cholette (2020) | HIV-1 phylodynamic analysis among people who inject drugs in Pakistan correlates with trends in illicit opioid trade. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 290 RT HIV1 group M: 290 |
| Orkin (2020) | Week 96 results of a phase 3 trial of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment-naive HIV-1 patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Zhang (2021) | Molecular surveillance of HIV-1 newly diagnosed infections in Shenzhen, China from 2011 to 2018. | J Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 1387 RT HIV1 group M: 1387 |
| Visseaux (2021) | HIV-2 diversity displays two clades within group A with distinct geographical distribution and evolution. | Virus Evol |
RT HIV2: 98 |
| Zhukova (2021) | Cuban history of CRF19 recombinant subtype of HIV-1. | PLoS Pathog |
PR HIV1 group M: 253 RT HIV1 group M: 253 |
| Umviligihozo (2021) | Increased Frequency of Inter-Subtype HIV-1 Recombinants Identified by Near Full-Length Virus Sequencing in Rwandan Acute Transmission Cohorts. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 IN HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Steegen (2021) | Is there a role for doravirine in African HIV treatment programmes? A large observational resistance study in South Africa. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 582 RT HIV1 group M: 584 |
| Semengue (2021) | Baseline integrase drug resistance mutations and conserved regions across HIV-1 clades in Cameroon: implications for transition to dolutegravir in resource-limited settings. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Seatla (2021) | HIV-1 Subtype C Drug Resistance Mutations in Heavily Treated Patients Failing Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Botswana. | Viruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Rahman (2022) | Drug resistance pattern among ART-naive clients attending an HIV testing and counseling center in Dhaka, Bangladesh. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Park (2021) | Phylogenetic Clustering among Asylum Seekers with New HIV-1 Diagnoses in Montreal, QC, Canada. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Pang (2021) | HIV drug resistance and HIV transmission risk factors among newly diagnosed individuals in Southwest China. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 1144 RT HIV1 group M: 1144 |
| Kirichenko (2022) | Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in Eastern European and Central Asian countries. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 960 RT HIV1 group M: 960 |
| Kapaata (2021) | HIV-1 Gag-Pol Sequences from Ugandan Early Infections Reveal Sequence Variants Associated with Elevated Replication Capacity. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 IN HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Gao (2022) | Evaluation of a Novel In-house HIV-1 Genotype Drug Resistance Assay using Clinical Samples in China. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Engone-Ondo (2021) | High rate of virological failure and HIV drug resistance in semi-rural Gabon and implications for dolutegravir-based regimen efficacy. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 45 |
| Di Giallonardo (2021) | Subtype-specific differences in transmission cluster dynamics of HIV-1 B and CRF01_AE in New South Wales, Australia. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 347 RT HIV1 group M: 347 |
| Di Giallonardo (2020) | Increased HIV Subtype Diversity Reflecting Demographic Changes in the HIV Epidemic in New South Wales, Australia. | Viruses |
RT HIV1 group M: 235 |
| Chimukangara (2021) | Acquired HIV drug resistance and virologic monitoring in a HIV hyper-endemic setting in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 115 RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| Hachiya (2022) | Anti-HBV monotherapy caused M184V/I mutation prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy in recent years in Japan | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 1757 RT HIV1 group M: 1748 IN HIV1 group M: 1589 |
| Villa (2020) | Determining virological suppression and resuppression by point-of-care viral load testing in a HIV care setting in sub-Saharan Africa. | EClinicalMedicine |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| Raymond (2020) | Performance evaluation of the Vela Dx Sentosa next-generation sequencing system for HIV-1 DNA genotypic resistance. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 IN HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Onwuamah (2020) | Low levels of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients who achieved viral re-suppression without regimen switch: a retrospective study. | BMC Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Mazzuti (2020) | Transmitted drug resistance mutations and trends of HIV-1 subtypes in treatment-naive patients: A single-centre experience. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 620 RT HIV1 group M: 620 |
| Braun (2020) | Emergence of Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors during Dolutegravir Containing Triple-Therapy in a Treatment-Experienced Patient with Pre-Existing M184V/I Mutation. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Fokam (2020) | Pre-treatment drug resistance and HIV-1 genetic diversity in the rural and urban settings of Northwest-Cameroon. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 141 |
| Zhao (2020) | HIV-1 molecular epidemiology and drug resistance-associated mutations among treatment-naive blood donors in China. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 168 RT HIV1 group M: 168 IN HIV1 group M: 170 |
| Capoferri (2020) | Recombination Analysis of Near Full-Length HIV-1 Sequences and the Identification of a Potential New Circulating Recombinant Form from Rakai, Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 274 RT HIV1 group M: 274 IN HIV1 group M: 274 |
| Nomura (2013) | Significant reductions in Gag-protease-mediated HIV-1 replication capacity during the course of the epidemic in Japan. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 140 |
| Zhang (2017) | Phylogenetic characteristics of HIV-1 among travelers entering China from Myanmar: A retrospective study. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 81 RT HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Saeng-Aroon (2016) | Circulation of HIV-1 multiple complexity recombinant forms among female sex workers recently infected with HIV-1 in Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 151 RT HIV1 group M: 158 |
| Li (2016) | HIV-1 Thai B strain has spread out of former plasma donors into general population through sexual contact in Henan, China. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 118 RT HIV1 group M: 118 IN HIV1 group M: 118 |
| Pessoa (2016) | Ultra-deep sequencing of HIV-1 near full-length and partial proviral genomes reveals high genetic diversity among Brazilian blood donors. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 196 RT HIV1 group M: 191 IN HIV1 group M: 184 |
| Yoshinaga (2015) | Antiviral characteristics of GSK1265744, an HIV integrase inhibitor dosed orally or by long-acting injection. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Li (2013) | Relatively high prevalence of drug resistance among antiretroviral-naive patients from Henan, central China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 98 RT HIV1 group M: 98 IN HIV1 group M: 98 |
| Li (2013) | Subtype CRF01_AE dominate the sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Guangxi, China. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 211 RT HIV1 group M: 211 IN HIV1 group M: 211 |
| Zeng (2012) | Emergence of a new HIV type 1 CRF01_AE variant in Guangxi, southern China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 221 RT HIV1 group M: 222 IN HIV1 group M: 224 |
| Montavon (2000) | Most env and gag subtype A HIV-1 viruses circulating in West and West Central Africa are similar to the prototype AG recombinant virus IBNG. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
2021
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baxter (2021) | Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study. | HIV Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 3197 RT HIV1 group M: 3197 IN HIV1 group M: 3158 |
| Joao (2020) | Raltegravir versus efavirenz in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women living with HIV (NICHD P1081): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial. | Lancet HIV |
PR HIV1 group M: 388 RT HIV1 group M: 404 IN HIV1 group M: 439 |
| Fogel (2020) | HIV drug resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected MSM in the United States. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 142 RT HIV1 group M: 142 IN HIV1 group M: 138 |
| de Carvalho Lima (2020) | Evidence of genomic information and structural restrictions of HIV-1 PR and RT gene regions from individuals experiencing antiretroviral virologic failure. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 651 RT HIV1 group M: 651 |
| Crowell (2021) | Pretreatment and Acquired Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Among Persons Living With HIV in Four African Countries. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 868 RT HIV1 group M: 870 |
| Beltran-Pavez (2020) | Virological outcome among HIV infected patients transferred from pediatric care to adult units in Madrid, Spain (1997-2017). | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 131 |
| Ye (2020) | HIV-1 Drug Resistance in ART-Naive Individuals in Myanmar. | Infect Drug Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 169 RT HIV1 group M: 169 IN HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Segujja (2020) | High Levels of Acquired HIV Drug Resistance Following Virological Nonsuppression in HIV-Infected Women from a High-Risk Cohort in Uganda. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Scutari (2020) | Evaluation of HIV-1 integrase resistance emergence and evolution in patients treated with integrase inhibitors. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
IN HIV1 group M: 214 |
| Salou (2020) | Challenges of scale-up to dolutegravir-based regimens in sub-Saharan Africa. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 169 RT HIV1 group M: 181 IN HIV1 group M: 178 |
| Kroidl (2020) | High turnaround times and low viral resuppression rates after reinforced adherence counselling following a confirmed virological failure diagnostic algorithm in HIV-infected patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy from Tanzania. | Trop Med Int Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Indriati (2020) | The Dominance of CRF01_AE and the Emergence of Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced, HIV-1-infected Individuals in Medan, Indonesia. | Acta Med Indones |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Chimukangara (2020) | Impact of pretreatment low-abundance HIV-1 drug-resistant variants on virological failure among HIV-1/TB-co-infected individuals. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 215 RT HIV1 group M: 215 |
| Basson (2020) | HIV-1 re-suppression on a first-line regimen despite the presence of phenotypic drug resistance. | PLoS One |
RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Ndashimye (2021) | High-level resistance to bictegravir and cabotegravir in subtype A- and D-infected HIV-1 patients failing raltegravir with multiple resistance mutations. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Saracino (2008) | Antiretroviral genotypic resistance in plasma RNA and whole blood DNA in HIV-1 infected patients failing HAART. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 146 RT HIV1 group M: 145 |
| Derache (2015) | HIV drug resistance mutations in proviral DNA from a community treatment program. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 123 |
| Tarasova (2021) | RHIVDB: A Freely Accessible Database of HIV Amino Acid Sequences and Clinical Data of Infected Patients. | Front Genet |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Gandhi (2020) | Long-term Outcomes in a Large Randomized Trial of HIV-1 Salvage Therapy: 96-Week Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5241 (OPTIONS). | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 545 RT HIV1 group M: 545 |
| Udeze (2020) | Polymorphisms and drug resistance analysis of HIV-1 isolates from patients on first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South-eastern Nigeria. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Zaki (2020) | Genotyping and antiretroviral drug resistance of human immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Yu (2020) | Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 CRF55_01B in Guangdong, China. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Sivay (2020) | HIV drug resistance, phylogenetic analysis, and superinfection among men who have sex with men and transgender women in sub-Saharan Africa: HPTN 075. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 136 RT HIV1 group M: 136 |
| Mahomed (2020) | Case report: Emergence of dolutegravir resistance in a patient on second-line antiretroviral therapy. | South Afr J HIV Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Lunar (2020) | HIV-1 Unique Recombinant Forms Identified in Slovenia and Their Characterization by Near Full-Length Genome Sequencing. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Hanke (2020) | A Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreak Among People Who Inject Drugs in Munich, Germany, Is Associated With Consumption of Synthetic Cathinones. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 261 RT HIV1 group M: 261 |
| Gonzalez-Domenech (2020) | High Prevalence of Sequences Included in Transmission Clusters Within Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Patients in Southern Spain (2004-2015). | Microb Drug Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Santoro (2020) | Susceptibility to HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in highly treatment-experienced patients who failed an INSTI-based regimen. | Int J Antimicrob Agents |
IN HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Makwaga (2020) | Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus-1 drug-resistant mutations among adults on first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited health facility in Busia County, Kenya. | Pan Afr Med J |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Raugi (2020) | HIV-2 Drug Resistance Genotyping from Dried Blood Spots. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV2: 118 RT HIV2: 118 IN HIV2: 17 |
| Su (2020) | The origin and spread of CRF85_BC, driven by heterosexual transmission among older people in Sichuan, China. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 149 RT HIV1 group M: 149 |
| Ssemwanga (2020) | The Molecular Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of HIV Type 1 in a General Population Cohort in Uganda. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 379 RT HIV1 group M: 380 |
| Moyo (2020) | HIV drug resistance profile in South Africa: Findings and implications from the 2017 national HIV household survey. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 674 RT HIV1 group M: 674 |
| Liang (2020) | The genotype distribution, infection stage and drug resistance mutation profile of human immunodeficiency virus-1 among the infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers, 2014-2017. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 356 RT HIV1 group M: 356 |
| Khairunisa (2020) | Identification of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1-infected individuals residing in Pontianak, Indonesia. | Germs |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Kelentse (2020) | Differences in human immunodeficiency virus-1C viral load and drug resistance mutation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Botswana. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Keita (2020) | Primary resistance to antiretroviral drugs of HIV strains in Chad: a retrospective investigation by analysis of frozen dried blood spot samples. | Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Grant-McAuley (2020) | Antiretroviral drug use and HIV drug resistance in female sex workers in Tanzania and the Dominican Republic. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 138 RT HIV1 group M: 138 IN HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Datir (2020) | In Vivo Emergence of a Novel Protease Inhibitor Resistance Signature in HIV-1 Matrix. | mBio |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Barik (2020) | Identification and differential expression of serotransferrin and apolipoprotein A-I in the plasma of HIV-1 patients treated with first-line antiretroviral therapy. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 |
2020
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| MIkasi (2020) | Investigation of the HIV-1 diversity in the Cape Wine-lands district of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Yin (2020) | Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Jiangsu Province, Southeast China: Genotypes and HIV-1 Transmission Networks Among Newly Diagnosed Men Having Sex with Men in 2017. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 765 RT HIV1 group M: 765 |
| Yang (2020) | Genomic Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE /B Recombinant in Henan Province, China. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Xie (2020) | The Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 Within Antiretroviral-Naive Outpatients in Ganzhou, China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Vrancken (2020) | Comparative Circulation Dynamics of the Five Main HIV Types in China. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1959 RT HIV1 group M: 1960 |
| Vergani (2008) | Evolution of the HIV-1 protease region in heavily pretreated HIV-1 infected patients receiving Atazanavir. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Song (2020) | Near Full-Length Genomic Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF107_01B) Identified Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Heilongjiang Province of China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Silva (2020) | HIV-1 prevalence, associated factors, genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance mutations in a populations of men who have sex with men in Midwestern Brazil. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 78 RT HIV1 group M: 77 |
| Sacks-Davis (2020) | Phylogenetic clustering networks among heterosexual migrants with new HIV diagnoses post-migration in Australia. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 702 RT HIV1 group M: 702 |
| Mziray (2020) | Patterns of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and predictors of virological failure in Moshi, Northern Tanzania. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Maruapula (2020) | Use of a mutation-specific genotyping method to assess for HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 Subtype C-infected patients in Botswana. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 91 RT HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Lan (2020) | Genetic characteristics of CRF12_BF first identified in Guangdong Province, China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Kiros (2020) | Increased HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance with consistent clade homogeneity among ART-naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Ethiopia. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Khairunisa (2020) | 2018-2019 Update on the Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Fabeni (2020) | Evaluation of HIV Transmission Clusters among Natives and Foreigners Living in Italy. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 726 RT HIV1 group M: 726 |
| Cheng (2020) | Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Unique CRF01_AE/C Recombinant in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Rottinghaus (2014) | Evaluation of dried blood spots collected on filter papers from three manufacturers stored at ambient temperature for application in HIV-1 drug resistance monitoring. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Ragonnet-Cronin (2018) | Recent and Rapid Transmission of HIV Among People Who Inject Drugs in Scotland Revealed Through Phylogenetic Analysis. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Perez-Parra (2017) | High prevalence and diversity of HIV-1 non-B genetic forms due to immigration in southern Spain: A phylogeographic approach. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 142 RT HIV1 group M: 142 |
| Hassan (2019) | Presence, persistence and effects of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance variants detected using next generation sequencing: A Retrospective longitudinal study from rural coastal Kenya. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 79 RT HIV1 group M: 79 |
| Diallo (2012) | Comparison of HIV-1 resistance profiles in plasma RNA versus PBMC DNA in heavily treated patients in Honduras, a resource-limited country. | Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet |
PR HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 76 |
| Cardoso (2011) | Molecular characteristics of HIV type 1 infection among prisoners from Central Western Brazil. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Sivay (2020) | HIV drug resistance, phylogenetic analysis, and superinfection among men who have sex with men and transgender women in sub-Saharan Africa: HPTN 075. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 133 RT HIV1 group M: 133 |
| Kwon (2020) | HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations among female sex workers varied in different cities and regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 93 RT HIV1 group M: 93 |
| Junqueira (2020) | New Genomes from the Congo Basin Expand History of CRF01_AE Origin and Dissemination. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| El-Badry (2020) | Better Viral Control despite Higher CD4+ T Cell Activation during Acute HIV-1 Infection in Zambian Women Is Linked to the Sex Hormone Estradiol. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Edoul (2020) | High HIV burden and recent transmission chains in rural forest areas in southern Cameroon, where ancestors of HIV-1 have been identified in ape populations. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 188 RT HIV1 group M: 187 |
| Zeng (2020) | HIV-1 Genetic Diversity and High Prevalence of Pretreatment Drug Resistance in Tianjin, China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 301 |
| Rodgers (2020) | Diverse HCV Strains And HIV URFS Identified Amongst People Who Inject Drugs In India. | Sci Rep |
IN HIV1 group M: 636 |
| Mbisa (2020) | Surveillance of HIV-1 transmitted integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance in the UK. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 619 RT HIV1 group M: 619 IN HIV1 group M: 652 |
| Kirichenko (2020) | Genetic Features of HIV-1 Integrase Sub-Subtype A6 Predominant in Russia and Predicted Susceptibility to INSTIs. | Viruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 408 |
| Ye (2020) | Transmitted HIV drug resistance among individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection: a multicenter observational study. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 6547 RT HIV1 group M: 6547 |
| Totmenin (2019) | Natural polymorphisms of HIV-1 integrase coding region in ARV-naive individuals in Novosibirsk region, Russia | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Totmenin (2019) | Natural polymorphisms of HIV-1 integrase coding region in ARV-naive individuals in Tajikistan. | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 120 |
| Reis (2019) | Identification of New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Forms CRF81_cpx and CRF99_BF1 in Central Western Brazil and of Unique BF1 Recombinant Forms. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Mikasi (2020) | HIV-1 Integrase Diversity and Resistance-Associated Mutations and Polymorphisms Among Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Naive HIV-1 Patients from Cameroon. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 41 |
| McCormick (2020) | Discordance between Etravirine Phenotype and Genotype-Based Predicted Phenotype for Subtype C HIV-1 from First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failures in South Africa. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 112 |
| Marjani (2020) | HIV-1 integrase drug-resistance mutations in Iranian treatment-experienced HIV-1-infected patients. | Arch Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 62 |
| Maggiorella (2020) | High HIV-1 diversity in immigrants resident in Italy (2008-2017). | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 190 RT HIV1 group M: 189 |
| Nduva (2020) | HIV-1 Transmission Patterns Within and Between Risk Groups in Coastal Kenya. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 163 RT HIV1 group M: 163 |
| Nasiri Tajabadi (2020) | A surveillance on protease inhibitor resistance-associated mutations among Iranian HIV-1 patients. | Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Ayitewala (2020) | Comparison of HIV drug resistance profiles across HIV-1 subtypes A and D for patients receiving a tenofovir-based and zidovudine-based first line regimens in Uganda. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 168 |
| Dominguez-Rodriguez (2018) | Effect of HIV/HCV Co-Infection on the Protease Evolution of HIV-1B: A Pilot Study in a Pediatric Population. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 69 RT HIV1 group M: 60 |
| de Mulder (2012) | High drug resistance prevalence among vertically HIV-infected patients transferred from pediatric care to adult units in Spain. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Masoud (2020) | Pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in the era of tenofovir and routine viral load monitoring. | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 159 |
| Gopalan (2019) | Viral evolution in the cell-associated HIV-1 DNA during early ART can lead to drug resistance and virological failure in children. | J Med Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| Onoriode Digban (2019) | Analyses of HIV-1 integrase gene sequences among treatment-naive patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Chung (2020) | Evaluation of the management of pretreatment HIV drug resistance by oligonucleotide ligation assay: a randomised controlled trial. | Lancet |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 566 |
| Wu (2020) | Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Shanghai, China, 2013-2015. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 167 RT HIV1 group M: 167 IN HIV1 group M: 167 |
| Tchiakpe (2020) | Moderate rate of resistance mutations transmitted to antiretrovirals and genetic diversity in newly HIV-1 patients diagnosed in Benin. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 248 RT HIV1 group M: 248 |
| Ssemwanga (2020) | Prevalence of viral load suppression, predictors of virological failure and patterns of HIV drug resistance after 12 and 48 months on first-line antiretroviral therapy: a national cross-sectional survey in Uganda. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 149 RT HIV1 group M: 149 |
| Salvana (2020) | High rates of tenofovir failure in a CRF01_AE-predominant HIV epidemic in the Philippines. | Int J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Patino-Galindo (2017) | Identification of a large, fast-expanding HIV-1 subtype B transmission cluster among MSM in Valencia, Spain. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1806 RT HIV1 group M: 1806 |
| Orta-Resendiz (2020) | HIV-1 acquired drug resistance to integrase inhibitors in a cohort of antiretroviral therapy multi-experienced Mexican patients failing to raltegravir: a cross-sectional study. | AIDS Res Ther |
IN HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Kouamou (2020) | Drug Resistance Among Adolescents and Young Adults with Virologic Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Response to Second-Line Treatment. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 74 RT HIV1 group M: 74 |
| Ay (2020) | Transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed and treatment-na?ve HIV type 1-infected patients in Hungary. | J Glob Antimicrob Resist |
PR HIV1 group M: 168 RT HIV1 group M: 168 |
| Acharya (2020) | Variability in HIV-1 Integrase Gene and 3'-Polypurine Tract Sequences in Cameroon Clinical Isolates, and Implications for Integrase Inhibitors Efficacy. | Int J Mol Sci |
IN HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Wu (2019) | Phylogenetic analysis highlights the role of older people in the transmission of HIV-1 in Fuyang, Anhui Province, China. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 362 RT HIV1 group M: 362 |
| Thirunavukarasu (2016) | Patterns of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Mutations among Patients Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in South India. | J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Teto (2017) | Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 125 RT HIV1 group M: 125 |
| Sebastiao (2019) | Genetic diversity and drug resistance of HIV-1 among infected pregnant women newly diagnosed in Luanda, Angola. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Salou (2016) | High rates of virological failure and drug resistance in perinatally HIV-1-infected children and adolescents receiving lifelong antiretroviral therapy in routine clinics in Togo. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 110 RT HIV1 group M: 125 |
| Temereanca (2017) | HIV transmission clusters among injecting drug users in Romania. | Rom Biotechnol Lett |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Manolescu (2011) | Correlation between resistance profile and immunosuppression in heavily treated HIV-1 infected Romanian patients. | Rom Biotechnol Lett |
RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Kostrikis (2018) | HIV-1 transmission networks across Cyprus (2010-2012). | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Deng (2009) | Molecular epidemiological tracing of HIV-1 outbreaks in Hainan island of southern China. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 82 |
| Avi (2016) | Prevalence of drug resistance mutations in HAART patients infected with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx in Estonia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 45 RT HIV1 group M: 45 |
| Abecasis (2011) | Molecular epidemiological analysis of paired pol/env sequences from Portuguese HIV type 1 patients. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 153 RT HIV1 group M: 153 |
| Zeng (2017) | The infection staging and profile of genotypic distribution and drug resistance mutation among the human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers, 2012-2014. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 205 RT HIV1 group M: 205 |
| Mata-Munguia (2014) | Natural polymorphisms and unusual mutations in HIV-1 protease with potential antiretroviral resistance: a bioinformatic analysis. | BMC Bioinformatics |
PR HIV1 group M: 151 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Hawkins (2016) | HIV virological failure and drug resistance in a cohort of Tanzanian HIV-infected adults. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 115 RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| Smolen (2011) | Retrospective analysis of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors' resistance in Silesia, Poland. | Med Sci Monit |
RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Seatla (2019) | Comparison of an in-house 'home-brew' and commercial ViroSeq integrase genotyping assays on HIV-1 subtype C samples. | PLoS ONE |
IN HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Santos (2011) | Detection of distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulating recombinant forms in northeast Brazil. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Saini (2012) | Resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. | J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Rossi (2013) | Sequence variability in p6 gag protein and gag/pol coevolution in human immunodeficiency type 1 subtype F genomes. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 95 RT HIV1 group M: 95 |
| Rojas Sanchez (2018) | Trends in Drug Resistance Prevalence, HIV-1 Variants and Clinical Status in HIV-1-infected Pediatric Population in Madrid: 1993 to 2015 Analysis. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
PR HIV1 group M: 207 RT HIV1 group M: 184 |
| Recordon-Pinson (2012) | K65R in subtype C HIV-1 isolates from patients failing on a first-line regimen including d4T or AZT: comparison of Sanger and UDP sequencing data. | PLoS ONE |
RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Prellwitz (2013) | HIV behind bars: human immunodeficiency virus cluster analysis and drug resistance in a reference correctional unit from southern Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Pillay (2014) | Drug resistance in children at virological failure in a rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, cohort. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 88 RT HIV1 group M: 89 |
| Pere (2012) | Virological response and resistance profiles after 24 months of first-line antiretroviral treatment in adults living in Bangui, Central African Republic. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Pei (2019) | Multiple HIV-1 Subtypes Were Found Circulating in Suqian District of Jiangsu Province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 84 |
| Parham (2011) | Short communication: high prevalence of drug resistance in HIV type 1-infected children born in Honduras and Belize 2001 to 2004. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Neogi (2013) | Human APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation is associated with antiretroviral therapy failure in HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals. | J Int AIDS Soc |
RT HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Negi (2017) | Genotypic Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Derived from Antiretroviral Drug-Treated Individuals Residing in Earthquake-Affected Areas in Nepal. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Mossoro-Kpinde (2017) | High levels of virological failure with major genotypic resistance mutations in HIV-1-infected children after 5 years of care according to WHO-recommended 1st-line and 2nd-line antiretroviral regimens in the Central African Republic: A cross-sectional study. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Amaral (2017) | An overview of the molecular and epidemiological features of HIV-1 infection in two major cities of Bahia state, Brazil. | Mem Ins Oswaldo Cruz |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Monteiro-Cunha (2011) | Lack of high-level resistance mutations in HIV type 1 BF recombinant strains circulating in northeast Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Memarnejadian (2019) | HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations among Antiretroviral Drug-Experienced Patients in the South of Iran. | Intervirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 44 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Lihana (2010) | Genetic characterization of HIV type 1 among patients with suspected immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Kinyua (2018) | Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis. | Pan Afr Med J |
RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Indriati (2018) | Appearance of Drug Resistance Mutations Among the Dominant HIV-1 Subtype, CRF01_AE in Maumere, Indonesia. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| De Mulder (2014) | HIV-1 drug resistance prevalence, drug susceptibility and variant characterization in the Jacobi Medical Center paediatric cohort, Bronx, NY, USA. | HIV Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Holguin (2011) | Drug resistance prevalence in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected pediatric populations in Honduras and El Salvador during 1989-2009. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Hamilton (2012) | Analysis of protease and reverse transcriptase genes of HIV for antiretroviral drug resistance in Jamaican adults. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 102 RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Boender (2015) | Pretreatment HIV drug resistance increases regimen switches in sub-Saharan Africa. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 142 RT HIV1 group M: 142 |
| Nanfack (2016) | HIV-1 Drug Susceptibility to Potential Second- and Third-Line Antiretroviral Regimens among Cameroonian Patients: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Design. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 56 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Fily (2018) | HIV-1 drug resistance testing at second-line regimen failure in Arua, Uganda: avoiding unnecessary switch to an empiric third-line. | Trop Med Int Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 69 RT HIV1 group M: 69 |
| Farrokhi (2017) | Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV Treatment Failure Patients in Tehran, Iran. | Iran J Public Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 |
| De Mulder (2011) | Drug resistance prevalence and HIV-1 variant characterization in the naive and pretreated HIV-1-infected paediatric population in Madrid, Spain. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 186 RT HIV1 group M: 162 |
| Corado (2017) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance among individuals from Roraima state, northern Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Ciccozzi (2011) | Genetic diversity of HIV type 1 in Montenegro. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Chen (2018) | No Difference in Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance between Injection Drug Users and Non-Injection Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study among Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive HIV Patients. | Intervirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 182 RT HIV1 group M: 182 |
| Chen (2012) | Molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Guangdong province of southern China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 179 RT HIV1 group M: 179 |
| Chehadeh (2018) | Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations in Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Patients in Kuwait. | Med Princ Pract |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 62 |
| Chakravarty (2015) | Outcome of patients on second line antiretroviral therapy under programmatic condition in India. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 RT HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Budayanti (2018) | Molecular Antiretroviral Resistance Markers of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 of CRF01_AE Subtype in Bali, Indonesia. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Bermudez-Aza (2011) | Antiretroviral drug resistance in a respondent-driven sample of HIV-infected men who have sex with men in Brazil. | J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
PR HIV1 group M: 162 RT HIV1 group M: 162 |
| Bansode (2011) | Drug resistance mutations in drug-naive HIV type 1 subtype C-infected individuals from rural Malawi. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 45 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Banin (2019) | Near full genome characterization of HIV-1 unique recombinant forms in Cameroon reveals dominant CRF02_AG and F2 recombination patterns. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 IN HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Azam (2013) | Emergence of drug resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 subtype C protease gene in north India. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 104 |
| Soldi (2019) | Major drug resistance mutations to HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI) among patients exposed to PI class failing antiretroviral therapy in São Paulo State, Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1696 RT HIV1 group M: 1689 |
| Smith (2019) | Comparison of the Antiviral Activity of Bictegravir against HIV-1 and HIV-2 Isolates and Integrase Inhibitor-Resistant HIV-2 Mutants. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV2: 10 |
| Oroz (2019) | Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 403 RT HIV1 group M: 403 IN HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Desbois (2008) | In vitro phenotypic susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 clinical isolates to protease inhibitors. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV2: 17 |
| Kantor (2015) | Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and HIV-1 Subtype C Are Independently Associated With Virologic Failure: Results From the Multinational PEARLS (ACTG A5175) Clinical Trial | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 770 RT HIV1 group M: 770 |
| Lapovok (2017) | HIV Type 1 Integrase Natural Polymorphisms in Viral Variants Circulating in FSU Countries. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 93 RT HIV1 group M: 93 IN HIV1 group M: 503 |
| Yamaguchi (2019) | Complete genome sequence of CG-0018a-01 establishes HIV-1 subtype L. | J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Wang (2019) | Diversity of HIV-1 genotypes and high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients in Shanghai, China. | BMC Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 80 |
| Steegen (2019) | Resistance in patients failing integrase strand transfer inhibitors: a call to replace raltegravir with dolutegravir in third-line treatment in South Africa. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Alaoui (2019) | HIV-1 Integrase Resistance among Highly Antiretroviral Experienced Patients from Morocco. | Intervirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Megasari (2019) | The Emergence of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral Therapy-naive Individuals in Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. | Acta Med Indones |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Lu (2019) | Large transmission clusters of HIV-1 main genotypes among HIV-1 individuals before antiretroviral therapy in the Hebei province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 138 RT HIV1 group M: 138 |
| Fayssel (2016) | HIV-1 genotyping and antiretroviral drug-resistance mutations determination among drug-naive individuals infected in Morocco. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 162 RT HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Diouara (2014) | Antiretroviral treatment outcome in HIV-1-infected patients routinely followed up in capital cities and remote areas of Senegal, Mali and Guinea-Conakry. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Nouhin (2011) | Natural polymorphisms of HIV-1 CRF01_AE integrase coding region in ARV-naive individuals in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam: an ANRS AC12 working group study. | Infect Genet Evol |
IN HIV1 group M: 50 |
2019
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tao (2025) | HIV-1 Subtype Diversity Trends in a Northern California Cohort, 2000–2019 | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3087 RT HIV1 group M: 2952 IN HIV1 group M: 350 |
| Rhee (2020) | Virological failure and acquired genotypic resistance associated with contemporary antiretroviral treatment regimens | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 2441 RT HIV1 group M: 2441 IN HIV1 group M: 184 |
| Saladini (2019) | Comparable in vitro activity of second-generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) on HIV-1 clinical isolates with INSTI resistance mutations. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Yaqub (2019) | Circulation of multiple subtypes (A, G and CRFs 02_AG) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in selected districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Machado (2019) | National survey of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance in Cuban patients. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 141 |
| Crispim (2019) | Homogenous HIV-1 subtype B from the Brazilian Amazon with infrequent diverse BF1 recombinants, subtypes F1 and C among blood donors. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 227 RT HIV1 group M: 227 |
| Abongwa (2019) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes in the northwest region, Cameroon. | Virol J |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Takou (2019) | HIV-1 drug resistance testing is essential for heavily-treated patients switching from first- to second-line regimens in resource-limited settings: evidence from routine clinical practice in Cameroon. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Margot (2019) | Antiviral activity of HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitors against mutants with integrase resistance-associated mutations and their frequency in treatment-naive individuals. | J Med Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 1819 IN HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Tchouwa (2018) | Nationwide Estimates of Viral Load Suppression and Acquired HIV Drug Resistance in Cameroon. | EClinicalMedicine |
PR HIV1 group M: 239 RT HIV1 group M: 235 |
| Raugi (2019) | Direct Submission. | Unpublished |
PR HIV2: 27 RT HIV2: 28 IN HIV2: 20 |
| Zhang (2019) | Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF100_0107) identified among men who have sex with men in Shaanxi, China. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Garrido (2012) | Plasma raltegravir exposure influences the antiviral activity and selection of resistance mutations. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Araujo (2019) | Characterization of a large cluster of HIV-1 A1 infections detected in Portugal and connected to several Western European countries. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Requena (2017) | Drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 patients failing raltegravir and influence on dolutegravir response. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV2: 11 RT HIV2: 13 IN HIV2: 17 |
| Telele (2019) | A viral genome wide association study and genotypic resistance testing in patients failing first line antiretroviral therapy in the first large countrywide Ethiopian HIV cohort. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Murzakova (2019) | Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtype G in the Russian Federation. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Moranguinho (2020) | Genotypic resistance profiles of HIV-2-infected patients from Cape Verde failing first-line antiretroviral therapy | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 23 RT HIV2: 23 |
| Megasari (2019) | Genotypic Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolated from Antiretroviral Treatment-Experienced Individuals in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Khairunisa (2016) | Genotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolated in Bali, Indonesia in 2016. | HIV & AIDS Review |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Lebedev (2019) | Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Diversity in the Moscow Region, Russia: Phylodynamics of the Most Common Subtypes. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 901 RT HIV1 group M: 901 |
| Kouamou (2019) | Drug resistance and optimizing dolutegravir regimens for adolescents and young adults failing antiretroviral therapy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 160 RT HIV1 group M: 159 |
| Kostaki (2019) | Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 390 RT HIV1 group M: 391 |
| Karade (2019) | Absence of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Associated Resistance in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive and Experienced Individuals from Western India. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Hanke (2019) | Reconstruction of the Genetic History and the Current Spread of HIV-1 Subtype A in Germany. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 183 RT HIV1 group M: 183 |
| Mbange (2018) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance in the context of decentralized HIV care in Senegal and the Ebola outbreak in Guinea. | BMC Res Notes |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 85 |
| Leung (2019) | Molecular Characterization of HIV-1 Minority Subtypes in Hong Kong: A Recent Epidemic of CRF07_BC among the Men who have Sex with Men Population. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 284 RT HIV1 group M: 284 |
| Avi (2014) | Full-length genome sequences of Estonian HIV-1 CRF06 and Eastern-European subtype A1 recombinant forms. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Acharya (2019) | Near-Full-Length Genetic Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 Unique Recombinant with Similarities to A1, CRF01_AE, and CRFO2_AG Viruses in Yaounde, Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Martins (2018) | Resistance mutations to protease inhibitors in proviral DNA of HIV-2 infected patients predict response to treatment. | HIV Glasgow Conference |
PR HIV2: 26 |
| Omooja (2019) | Rates of HIV-1 virological suppression and patterns of acquired drug resistance among fisherfolk on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Nesakumar (2019) | Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in a Treatment-Naive Cohort of Recently Infected Individuals from Chennai, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Huik (2019) | The concordance of the limiting antigen and the Bio-Rad avidity assays in persons from Estonia infected mainly with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 209 RT HIV1 group M: 209 |
| Billings (2019) | New Subtype B Containing HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant of sub-Saharan Africa Origin in Nigerian Men Who Have Sex With Men. | J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr |
PR HIV1 group M: 152 RT HIV1 group M: 152 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Bello (2019) | Phylogeographic Analyses Reveal the Early Expansion and Frequent Bidirectional Cross-Border Transmissions of Non-pandemic HIV-1 Subtype B Strains in Hispaniola. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 127 RT HIV1 group M: 127 |
| Barabona (2019) | Pre-treatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania in the era of tenofovir and routine viral load monitoring. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 159 RT HIV1 group M: 160 |
| Yamaguchi (2008) | HIV type 2 intergroup recombinant identified in Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Descamps (2015) | Dolutegravir in HIV-2-Infected Patients With Resistant Virus to First-line Integrase Inhibitors From the French Named Patient Program. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV2: 6 RT HIV2: 6 IN HIV2: 10 |
| Roquebert (2008) | HIV-2 integrase gene polymorphism and phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-2 clinical isolates to the integrase inhibitors raltegravir and elvitegravir in vitro. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV2: 32 |
| Descamps (2004) | High frequency of selection of K65R and Q151M mutations in HIV-2 infected patients receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors containing regimen. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV2: 26 RT HIV2: 30 |
| Lennox (2014) | Efficacy and tolerability of 3 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-sparing antiretroviral regimens for treatment-naive volunteers infected with HIV-1: a randomized, controlled equivalence trial. | Ann Intern Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 548 RT HIV1 group M: 548 IN HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Doyle (2015) | Integrase inhibitor (INI) genotypic resistance in treatment-naive and raltegravir-experienced patients infected with diverse HIV-1 clades. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 789 |
| Hazuda (2018) | Understanding the Resistance Profile of the HIV-1 NNRTI Doravirine in Combination With the Novel NRTTI MK-8591. | IAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Smith (2016) | Rilpivirine and Doravirine Have Complementary Efficacies Against NNRTI-Resistant HIV-1 Mutants. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Feng (2016) | Doravirine Suppresses Common Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor-Associated Mutants at Clinically Relevant Concentrations. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Feng (2015) | In vitro resistance selection with doravirine (MK-1439), a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with distinct mutation development pathways. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Cazals (2018) | HIV-2 Primary Infection in a French 69-Year-Old Bisexual Man. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Cilla (2001) | Molecular evidence of homosexual transmission of HIV type 2 in Spain. | ARHR |
RT HIV2: 4 |
| Kuhnel (1990) | Nucleotide sequence of HIV-2D194, an isolate from a Gambian case of 'neuro-AIDS', which showed excellent growth in macrophages. | Nucleic Acids Res |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Kirchhoff (1990) | A novel proviral clone of HIV-2: biological and phylogenetic relationship to other primate immunodeficiency viruses. | Virology |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Gottlieb (2008) | HIV type 2 protease, reverse transcriptase, and envelope viral variation in the PBMC and genital tract of ARV-naive women in Senegal. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 8 RT HIV2: 11 |
| Rey-Cuille (1994) | HIV-2 EHO isolate has a divergent envelope gene and induces single cell killing by apoptosis. | Virology |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Marcelin (2019) | Resistance to integrase inhibitors: a national study in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive and -experienced patients. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 674 |
| Fall-Malick (2014) | Drug resistance mutations and genetic diversity in adults treated for HIV type 1 infection in Mauritania. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Koigi (2014) | HIV type 1 drug resistance patterns among patients failing first and second line antiretroviral therapy in Nairobi, Kenya. | BMC Res Notes |
RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Recordon-Pinson (2010) | Evaluation of the genotypic prediction of HIV-1 coreceptor use versus a phenotypic assay and correlation with the virological response to maraviroc: the ANRS GenoTropism study. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 121 RT HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Murillo (2010) | Prevalence of drug resistance and importance of viral load measurements in Honduran HIV-infected patients failing antiretroviral treatment. | HIV Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 138 RT HIV1 group M: 138 |
| De Oliveira (2017) | Multiple HIV-1/M + HIV-1/O dual infections and new HIV-1/MO inter-group recombinant forms detected in Cameroon. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 PR HIV1 group O: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group O: 9 IN HIV1 group O: 1 |
| Dlamini (2011) | Genotypic resistance at viral rebound among patients who received lopinavir/ritonavir-based or efavirenz-based first antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Rodgers (2017) | Identification of rare HIV-1 Group N, HBV AE, and HTLV-3 strains in rural South Cameroon. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group N: 1 RT HIV1 group N: 1 IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Recordon-Pinson (2018) | A New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF98_cpx) Between CRF06_cpx and Subtype B Identified in Southwestern France. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Ntamatungiro (2017) | Strengthening HIV therapy and care in rural Tanzania affects rates of viral suppression. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Naziri (2016) | Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in naïve and experienced patients in Shiraz, Iran, 2014. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Khairunisa (2018) | Genotypic Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Prevalent in Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 29 |
| Yan (2014) | HIV-1 diversity and drug-resistant mutations in infected individuals in Changchun, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Scherrer (2012) | Polymorphic mutations associated with the emergence of the multinucleoside/tide resistance mutations 69 insertion and Q151M. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 46 |
| Li (2017) | Genome Sequence of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF79_0107) Identified from Shanxi, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Konou (2015) | Virological outcome among HIV-1 infected patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semi-rural HIV clinics in Togo. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Goldsamt (2011) | Prevalence of sexually acquired antiretroviral drug resistance in a community sample of HIV-positive men who have sex with men in New York City. | AIDS Patient Care STDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 188 RT HIV1 group M: 188 |
| Svicher (2006) | Involvement of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in the regulation of resistance to nucleoside inhibitors. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 564 RT HIV1 group M: 564 |
| Reynolds (2012) | Virologic versus immunologic monitoring and the rate of accumulated genotypic resistance to first-line antiretroviral drugs in Uganda. | BMC Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 103 |
| Praparattanapan (2011) | Current molecular epidemiology and recombination of HIV type 1 subtypes in northern Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 412 RT HIV1 group M: 412 |
| Neogi (2011) | Characterization of HIV type 1 subtype C protease gene: selection of L63P mutation in protease inhibitor-naive Indian patients. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Garriga (2009) | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase thumb subdomain polymorphisms associated with virological failure to nucleoside drug combinations. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 153 RT HIV1 group M: 153 |
| Bbosa (2019) | Phylogeography of HIV-1 suggests that Ugandan fishing communities are a sink for, not a source of, virus from general populations. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 562 RT HIV1 group M: 562 |
| Yabar (2012) | New subtypes and genetic recombination in HIV type 1-infecting patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Peru (2008-2010). | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 244 RT HIV1 group M: 244 |
| Soulie (2015) | Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Patients Treated with Maraviroc: Factors Associated with Virological Response. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 96 |
| Mueller (2007) | Dual selection pressure by drugs and HLA class I-restricted immune responses on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Mendoza (2014) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B epidemic in Panama is mainly driven by dissemination of country-specific clades. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 630 RT HIV1 group M: 630 |
| Leoz (2008) | Integrase polymorphism and HIV-1 group O diversity. | AIDS |
IN HIV1 group O: 96 |
| Tzou (2018) | Comparison of an In Vitro Diagnostic Next-Generation Sequencing Assay with Sanger Sequencing for HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Testing. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 281 RT HIV1 group M: 281 IN HIV1 group M: 184 |
| Diniz (2016) | Analysis of the in vitro susceptibility of primary isolates of HIV-2 from Portugal to dolutegravir. | Ciencia |
IN HIV2: 16 |
| Tzou (2020) | Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance Mutations For the Surveillance of Transmitted Drug Resistance. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 382 |
| Johnston (2014) | Viral suppression following switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy: associations with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance and subtherapeutic drug concentrations prior to switch. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 127 |
| Guichet (2016) | Short Communication: High Viral Load and Multidrug Resistance Due to Late Switch to Second-Line Regimens Could Be a Major Obstacle to Reach the 90-90-90 UNAIDS Objectives in Sub-Saharan Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 433 RT HIV1 group M: 446 |
| Mohamad (2012) | Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia. | Braz J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Delatorre (2017) | HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Northeastern Brazil: High Prevalence of Non-B Subtypes. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 140 RT HIV1 group M: 140 |
| Lunar (2019) | Sequence ambiguity determined from routine pol sequencing is a reliable tool for real-time surveillance of HIV incidence trends. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 353 RT HIV1 group M: 353 |
| Lunar (2018) | HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Slovenia and its impact on predicted treatment effectiveness: 2011-2016 update. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 168 RT HIV1 group M: 168 |
| Hightower (2013) | HIV-1 clade B pol evolution following primary infection. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 354 RT HIV1 group M: 354 |
| Myers (2012) | Transmitted drug resistance among antiretroviral-naive patients with established HIV type 1 infection in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic and review of the Latin American and Caribbean literature. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 143 RT HIV1 group M: 143 |
| Bhusal (2016) | Prevalence of HIV-1 Subtypes and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Nepal. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Tanuma (2014) | Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance of HIV-1 during 2008-2012 antiretroviral therapy scaling up in Southern Vietnam. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1308 RT HIV1 group M: 1389 |
| Lockman (2012) | Nevirapine- versus lopinavir/ritonavir-based initial therapy for HIV-1 infection among women in Africa: a randomized trial. | PLoS Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 463 RT HIV1 group M: 464 |
| Mamatkulov (2017) | Monitoring of HIV drug resistance in Uzbekistan. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 388 RT HIV1 group M: 338 |
| Xu (2009) | Dynamics of raltegravir resistance profile in an HIV type 2-infected patient. | ARHR |
IN HIV2: 5 |
| Leigh Brown (2011) | Transmission network parameters estimated from HIV sequences for a nationwide epidemic. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 1288 RT HIV1 group M: 1288 |
| Chen (2018) | HIV-1 genetic transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 179 RT HIV1 group M: 179 |
| Hunt (2019) | Provincial and national prevalence estimates of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in South Africa measured using two WHO-recommended methods. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 979 RT HIV1 group M: 979 |
| Qi (2013) | HIV-1 diversity, drug-resistant mutations, and viral evolution among high-risk individuals in phase II HIV vaccine trial sites in southern China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Leigh Brown (2004) | Genetic basis of hypersusceptibility to protease inhibitors and low replicative capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains in primary infection. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 182 |
| Konou (2016) | Genetic diversity and transmission networks of HIV-1 strains among men having sex with men (MSM) in Lom | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 68 RT HIV1 group M: 76 |
| Reeves (1999) | Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) isolates infect CD4-negative cells via CCR5 and CXCR4: comparison with HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus and relevance to cell tropism in vivo. | J Virol |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Pieniazek (1999) | Predominance of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtype B in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 31 |
| D'Ettorre (2013) | An HIV type 2 case series in Italy: a phylogenetic analysis. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 17 RT HIV2: 17 |
| Zagury (1988) | Genetic variability between isolates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2 is comparable to the variability among HIV type 1. | PNAS |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Kuhnel (1989) | Molecular cloning of two west African human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolates that replicate well in macrophages: a Gambian isolate, from a patient with neurologic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a highly divergent Ghanian isolate. | PNAS |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Dietrich (1989) | A highly divergent HIV-2-related isolate. | Nature |
PR HIV2: 2 RT HIV2: 2 IN HIV2: 2 |
| Huruy (2018) | HIV-1C proviral DNA for detection of drug resistance mutations. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 82 |
| Chaillon (2017) | Spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV-1 transmission in France (1999-2014) and impact of targeted prevention strategies. | Retrovirology |
RT HIV1 group M: 342 |
| Monleau (2011) | Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in routine clinics in Cotonou, Benin | J. AIDS HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Ceccherini-Silberstein (2007) | Impact of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism F214L on virological response to thymidine analogue-based regimens in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive and ART-experienced patients. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 673 RT HIV1 group M: 674 |
| Misbah (2016) | Comparative analysis of drug resistance mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase gene in patients who are non-responsive, responsive and naive to antiretroviral therapy. | Arch Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Little (2014) | Using HIV networks to inform real time prevention interventions. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 648 RT HIV1 group M: 648 |
| Guimaraes (2010) | Analysis of HIV-1 BF pr/rt recombinant strains from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil reveals multiple unrelated mosaic structures. | Infect Genet Evol |
IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Vignoles (2007) | High frequency of primary mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance in recently diagnosed HIV-infected children. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Jacobs (2014) | HIV-1 subtypes B and C unique recombinant forms (URFs) and transmitted drug resistance identified in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Xu (2018) | Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Zhejiang, China, 2014-2017. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 153 RT HIV1 group M: 153 |
| Tanaka (2019) | HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology, Transmission Clusters and Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Central Brazil. | Front Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 149 RT HIV1 group M: 149 |
| Ledwaba (2019) | Low frequency of protease inhibitor resistance mutations and insertions in HIV-1 subtype C protease inhibitor naive Sequences | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 423 RT HIV1 group M: 390 |
| Ngo-Giang-Huong (2019) | Prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in West African and Southeast Asian countries. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 997 RT HIV1 group M: 1019 |
| Aulicino (2019) | Pre-treatment drug resistance and HIV-1 subtypes in infants from Argentina with and without exposure to antiretroviral drugs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 115 RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| Milne (2019) | Minority and majority pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance associated with failure of 1st-line NNRTI ART in Kenyan women. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 170 |
| Hernandez-Sanchez (2018) | Prevalence of Drug Resistance Mutations in Protease, Reverse Transcriptase, and Integrase Genes of North Central Mexico HIV Isolates. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 48 IN HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Arruda (2018) | Brazilian network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance (HIV-BresNet): a survey of treatment-naive individuals. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 1566 RT HIV1 group M: 1566 |
| Alaoui (2018) | Prevalence of resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) among untreated HIV-1 infected patients in Morocco. | BMC Res Notes |
IN HIV1 group M: 77 |
| Zuckerman (2019) | Sexual intermingling of Arab and Jewish MSM in Israel: results of a molecular epidemiology study. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 558 RT HIV1 group M: 544 |
| Arimide (2018) | HIV-genetic diversity and drug resistance transmission clusters in Gondar, Northern Ethiopia, 2003-2013. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Wilhelmson (2018) | Prevalence of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance among treatment naive pregnant women in Bissau, Guinea Bissau | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Rasmussen (2018) | Tracking external introductions of HIV using phylodynamics reveals a major source of infections in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. | Virus Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 212 RT HIV1 group M: 212 |
| Feng (2018) | First report of a novel HIV-1 recombinant form (CRF100_01C) comprising CRF01_AE and C among heterosexuals in Yunnan, China. | J Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Soria (2019) | Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance and Virologic Outcomes to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Peru. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 122 |
| Irias (2019) | HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Recently Diagnosed Antiretroviral-Naive Patients in Bel | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Hassan (2018) | HIV-1 subtype diversity, transmission networks and transmitted drug resistance amongst acute and early infected MSM populations from Coastal Kenya. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Chen (2014) | HIV-1 genetic characteristics and transmitted drug resistance among men who have sex with men in Kunming, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 129 RT HIV1 group M: 129 |
| Machnowska (2019) | Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 2052 RT HIV1 group M: 2052 |
| Chen (2018) | The changing HIV-1 genetic characteristics and transmitted drug resistance among recently infected population in Yunnan, China. | Epidemiol Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 271 RT HIV1 group M: 271 |
| Wu (2017) | MK-8591 (4'-Ethynyl-2-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyadenosine) Exhibits Potent Activity against HIV-2 Isolates and Drug-Resistant HIV-2 Mutants in Culture. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 9 |
| Smith (2015) | In vitro activity of dolutegravir against wild-type and integrase inhibitor-resistant HIV-2. | Retrovirology |
IN HIV2: 12 |
| Smith (2011) | Phenotypic susceptibility of HIV-2 to raltegravir: integrase mutations Q148R and N155H confer raltegravir resistance. | AIDS |
IN HIV2: 4 |
| Raugi (2016) | Four Amino Acid Changes in HIV-2 Protease Confer Class-Wide Sensitivity to Protease Inhibitors. | J Virol |
PR HIV2: 5 |
| Le Hingrat (2018) | A new mechanism of resistance of HIV-2 to integrase inhibitors: a 5 amino-acids insertion in the integrase C-terminal domain. | Clin Infect Dis |
IN HIV2: 15 |
| Smith (2012) | Three main mutational pathways in HIV-2 lead to high-level raltegravir and elvitegravir resistance: implications for emerging HIV-2 treatment regimens. | PLoS ONE |
IN HIV2: 13 |
| Smith (2009) | Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-2: three amino acid changes are sufficient for classwide nucleoside analogue resistance. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV2: 6 |
| Ntemgwa (2007) | Natural polymorphisms in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 protease can accelerate time to development of resistance to protease inhibitors. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV2: 8 |
| Masse (2007) | In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 with decreased susceptibility to lopinavir. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV2: 1 |
| Andreatta (2013) | HIV-2 antiviral potency and selection of drug resistance mutations by the integrase strand transfer inhibitor elvitegravir and NRTIs emtricitabine and tenofovir in vitro. | JAIDS |
RT HIV2: 5 IN HIV2: 2 |
| Ruelle (2008) | Transmitted drug resistance, selection of resistance mutations and moderate antiretroviral efficacy in HIV-2: analysis of the HIV-2 Belgium and Luxembourg database. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV2: 27 RT HIV2: 29 |
| Ambike (2019) | Partial pol sequences from drug naive HIV-2 infected individuals from Maharashtra, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 32 RT HIV2: 32 |
| Zhang (2018) | Utilization of dried blood spot specimens can expedite nationwide surveillance of HIV drug resistance in resource-limited settings. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 462 RT HIV1 group M: 462 |
| Keita (2019) | Impact of HIV-1 primary drug resistance on the efficacy of a first-line antiretroviral regimen in the blood of newly diagnosed individuals in Bamako, Mali. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Meloni (2017) | Implication of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Choice on Second-Line Options. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 576 RT HIV1 group M: 576 |
| Tamalet (2018) | Emergence of uncommon HIV-1 non-B subtypes and circulating recombinant forms and trends in transmission of antiretroviral drug resistance in patients with primary infection during the 2013-2015 period in Marseille, Southeastern France. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 38 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Ojwach (2018) | Pol-Driven Replicative Capacity Impacts Disease Progression in HIV-1 Subtype C Infection. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 487 IN HIV1 group M: 487 |
| Ueda (2018) | Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Circulating in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Karkashadze (2019) | Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance in HIV patients with virologic failure of first-line therapy in the country of Georgia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 120 RT HIV1 group M: 120 |
| Villabona Arenas (2017) | Divergent HIV-1 strains (CRF92_C2U and CRF93_cpx) co-circulating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Phylogenetic insights on the early evolutionary history of subtype C. | Virus Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Li (2017) | Drug resistance mutation profiles of the drug-naive and first-line regimen-treated HIV-1-infected population of Suzhou, China | Virol Sin |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 120 IN HIV1 group M: 118 |
| Tadesse (2018) | High Levels of Dual-Class Drug Resistance in HIV-Infected Children Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Southern Ethiopia. | Viruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Shu (2018) | Surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in Xinjiang: high prevalence of K103N in treatment-naive individuals | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 51 IN HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Thompson (2018) | Evolution of protease inhibitor resistance in HIV-1-infected patients failing protease inhibitor monotherapy as second-line therapy in low-income countries: an observational analysis within the EARNEST randomised trial. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 363 RT HIV1 group M: 363 |
| Wang (2018) | High HIV-1 prevalence and viral diversity among entry-exit populations at frontier ports of China, 2012-2016: A cross-sectional molecular epidemiology study. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 270 RT HIV1 group M: 270 |
| Lai (2018) | Characterization of Doravirine-Selected Resistance Patterns From Participants in Treatment-Naive Phase 3 Clinical Trials. | IAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Raugi (2013) | Complex patterns of protease inhibitor resistance among antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV-2 patients from Senegal: implications for second-line therapy. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV2: 154 PR HIV2: 14 RT HIV2: 154 |
| Jallow (2009) | Virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and in patients dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2 in the Gambia and emergence of drug-resistant variants. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 PR HIV2: 21 RT HIV2: 21 |
| Deuzing (2015) | Mutation V111I in HIV-2 reverse transcriptase increases the fitness of the nucleoside analogue-resistant K65R and Q151M viruses. | J Virol |
RT HIV2: 72 RT HIV2: 7 |
| Charpentier (2014) | Genotypic resistance profiles of HIV-2-treated patients in West Africa. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 29 RT HIV2: 25 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Jallow (2009) | Presence of a multidrug-resistance mutation in an HIV-2 variant infecting a treatment-naive individual in Caio, Guinea Bissau. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV2: 19 RT HIV2: 25 |
| Barnett (1993) | Distinguishing features of an infectious molecular clone of the highly divergent and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain. | J Virol |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Tristem (1991) | Nucleotide sequence of a Guinea-Bissau-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 2 proviral 2clone (HIV-2CAM2). | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
2018
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhee (2022) | Spectrum of atazanavir-selected protease inhibitor-resistance mutations | Pathogens |
PR HIV1 group M: 1019 |
| Weber (2019) | Prospective Evaluation of the Vela Diagnostics Next-Generation Sequencing Platform for HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Testing. | J Mol Diagn |
PR HIV1 group M: 260 RT HIV1 group M: 260 IN HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Rhee (2015) | Geographic and Temporal Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance: An Individual-Patient- and Sequence-Level Meta-Analysis. | PLoS Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 1046 RT HIV1 group M: 1046 IN HIV1 group M: 46 |
| Telele (2018) | Pretreatment drug resistance in a large countrywide Ethiopian HIV-1C cohort: a comparison of Sanger and high-throughput sequencing. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 461 RT HIV1 group M: 461 |
| Tchouwa (2018) | Prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Cameroon following a nationally representative WHO survey. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 329 RT HIV1 group M: 323 |
| Rodgers (2018) | ARCHITECT HIV Combo Ag/Ab and RealTime HIV-1 Assays Detect Diverse HIV Strains in Clinical Specimens. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 184 IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Sharma (2018) | Antiretroviral resistance, genotypic characterization and origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among the infected wives of Intravenous drug users in Manipur. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Palumbo (2018) | HIV Drug Resistance in Adults Receiving Early vs. Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy: HPTN 052. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 242 RT HIV1 group M: 242 |
| Macharia (2016) | Transmitted HIV-1 Drug resistance and the Role of Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Co-infection among Fishermen along the Shores of Lake Victoria, Kisumu, Kenya. | J HIV Retrovirus |
RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Gonzalez-Domenech (2018) | Emergence as an outbreak of the HIV-1 CRF19_cpx variant in treatment-na | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Jeong (2018) | Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive and Treatment-Experienced HIV Patients in South Korea. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 RT HIV1 group M: 94 IN HIV1 group M: 99 |
| von Braun (2018) | HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Ugandan Adults Attending an Urban Out-Patient Clinic. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 163 RT HIV1 group M: 163 |
| Brado (2018) | Analyses of HIV-1 integrase sequences prior to South African national HIV-treatment program and available of integrase inhibitors in Cape Town, South Africa. | Sci Rep |
IN HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Zhang (2018) | Antiretroviral Drug Use and HIV Drug Resistance Among Young Women in Rural South Africa: HPTN 068. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 201 RT HIV1 group M: 201 |
| Diphoko (2018) | Prevalence of Rilpivirine and Etravirine Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Patients Failing Nevirapine or Efavirenz-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 168 RT HIV1 group M: 168 |
| Yuan (2018) | Characteristics of HIV-1 Molecular Epidemiology in Suzhou, China, from 2009 to 2014. | Virol Sin |
PR HIV1 group M: 36 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Kostaki (2018) | Molecular Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Individuals in a Network-Based Intervention (Transmission Reduction Intervention Project): Phylogenetics Identify HIV-1-Infected Individuals With Social Links. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 117 RT HIV1 group M: 117 |
| Tagnouokam Ngoupo (2018) | Short Communication: Characterization of a New HIV-1 Group N Isolate Originating from a Cameroonian Patient. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group N: 1 RT HIV1 group N: 1 IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Coetzee (2017) | HIV-1 viraemia and drug resistance amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional study. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Miao (2018) | Characterization of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form, CRF01_AE/B'/C (CRF96_cpx), in Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Jespersen (2018) | Protease Inhibitors or NNRTIs as First-Line HIV-1 Treatment in West Africa (PIONA): A Randomized Controlled Trial. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 83 |
| Karamov (2018) | HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Recently Diagnosed Infections in Moscow: Predominance of A(FSU), Frequent Branching in Clusters, and Circulation of the Iberian Subtype G Variant. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 62 |
| Wang (2018) | Epidemiological surveillance of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed individuals in Shijiazhuang, northern China, 2014-2015. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 525 RT HIV1 group M: 525 |
| Lopez (2018) | Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Virus in Puerto Rico: Novel Cases of HIV-1 Subtype C, D, and CRF-24BG. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 846 RT HIV1 group M: 846 |
| Rudovick (2018) | Prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in Mwanza, Tanzania. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 235 RT HIV1 group M: 235 |
| Li (2018) | HIV-1 Transmissions Among Recently Infected Individuals in Southwest China are Predominantly Derived from Circulating Local Strains. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 229 RT HIV1 group M: 229 |
| Kroon (2018) | Transmission dynamics among participants initiating antiretroviral therapy upon diagnosis of early acute HIV-1 infection in Thailand. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 433 RT HIV1 group M: 438 |
| Derache (2018) | Impact of next generation sequencing defined HIV pre-treatment drug resistance on virological outcomes in the ANRS 12249 treatment as prevention trial. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 1148 RT HIV1 group M: 1148 |
| Dennis (2018) | HIV-1 Transmission Clustering and Phylodynamics Highlight the Important Role of Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2911 RT HIV1 group M: 2913 |
| Jagdagsuren (2017) | The second molecular epidemiological study of HIV infection in Mongolia between 2010 and 2016. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 126 RT HIV1 group M: 126 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Shahid (2019) | Systematic determination of in vitro phenotypic resistance to HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors from clinical samples | bioRxiv |
IN HIV1 group M: 176 |
| Memarnejadian (2018) | Prevalence of HIV-1 pre-treatment drug resistance in a southern province of Iran, 2016-2017. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Seatla (2018) | Four-class drug-resistant HIV-1 subtype C in a treatment experienced individual on dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Oliveira (2018) | Selective resistance profiles emerging in patient-derived clinical isolates with cabotegravir, bictegravir, dolutegravir, and elvitegravir. | Retrovirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 38 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| George (2018) | Rapid development of high level resistance to dolutegravir with emergence of T97A mutation in two treatment experienced individuals with baseline partial sensitivity to dolutegravir. | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Varghese (2016) | Q148N, a Novel Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Mutation Associated with Low-Level Reduction in Elvitegravir Susceptibility. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Mesplede (2015) | The R263K substitution in HIV-1 subtype C is more deleterious for integrase enzymatic function and viral replication than in subtype B. | AIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Saladini (2017) | The HIV-1 integrase E157Q polymorphism per se does not alter susceptibility to raltegravir and dolutegravir in vitro. | AIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Seki (2015) | Effects of raltegravir or elvitegravir resistance signature mutations on the barrier to dolutegravir resistance in vitro. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Charpentier (2018) | Phenotypic analysis of HIV-1 E157Q integrase polymorphism and impact on virological outcome in patients initiating an integrase inhibitor-based regimen. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Zhang (2018) | Accumulation of multiple mutations in vivo confers cross-resistance to new and existing integrase inhibitors. | J Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Munir (2015) | G118R and F121Y mutations identified in patients failing raltegravir treatment confer dolutegravir resistance. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Malet (2015) | Combination of two pathways involved in raltegravir resistance confers dolutegravir resistance. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Pham (2018) | The S230R Integrase Substitution Associated with Viral Rebound during DTG Monotherapy Confers Low Levels INSTI Drug Resistance. | J Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Quashie (2012) | Characterization of the R263K mutation in HIV-1 integrase that confers low-level resistance to the second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Wares (2014) | The M50I polymorphic substitution in association with the R263K mutation in HIV-1 subtype B integrase increases drug resistance but does not restore viral replicative fitness. | Retrovirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Malet (2014) | New raltegravir resistance pathways induce broad cross-resistance to all currently used integrase inhibitors. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Malet (2018) | Pathway involving the N155H mutation in HIV-1 integrase leads to dolutegravir resistance. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Quashie (2015) | Differential effects of the G118R, H51Y, and E138K resistance substitutions in different subtypes of HIV integrase. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Anstett (2016) | Polymorphic substitution E157Q in HIV-1 integrase increases R263K-mediated dolutegravir resistance and decreases DNA binding activity. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Vavro (2013) | Prevalent polymorphisms in wild-type HIV-1 integrase are unlikely to engender drug resistance to dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572). | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Yoshinaga (2018) | Novel secondary mutations C56S and G149A confer resistance to HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitors. | Antiviral Res |
IN HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Hachiya (2017) | Impact of HIV-1 Integrase L74F and V75I Mutations in a Clinical Isolate on Resistance to Second-Generation Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 23 |
| White (2018) | Bictegravir Resistance Profile: Data for External Experts. | Unpublished |
IN HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Nguyen (2018) | Prevalence and clinical impact of minority resistant variants in patients failing an integrase inhibitor-based regimen by ultra-deep sequencing. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 122 |
| Smith (2018) | Efficacies of Cabotegravir and Bictegravir against drug-resistant HIV-1 integrase mutants. | Retrovirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Ndashimye (2018) | Absence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Supports the Use of Dolutegravir in Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 179 RT HIV1 group M: 316 IN HIV1 group M: 381 |
| Pujari (2018) | Integrase Resistance-Associated Mutations on Raltegravir Failure in Western India: A Preliminary Analysis. | JAIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Hassounah (2017) | Antiviral Activity of Bictegravir and Cabotegravir against Integrase Inhibitor-Resistant SIVmac239 and HIV-1. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Tsiang (2016) | Antiviral Activity of Bictegravir (GS-9883), a Novel Potent HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor with an Improved Resistance Profile. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Andreatta (2018) | Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Selections Initiated with Drug Resistant HIV-1. | CROI |
IN HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Inzaule (2018) | Primary resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors in patients infected with diverse HIV-1 subtypes in sub-Saharan Africa. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 425 |
| da Costa (2016) | High HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Patients from Northern Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 305 RT HIV1 group M: 305 |
| Steegen (2016) | Prevalence of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Patients Who Are Not Responding to Protease Inhibitor-Based Treatment: Results From the First National Survey in South Africa. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 350 RT HIV1 group M: 350 |
| Vasylyeva (2018) | Molecular epidemiology reveals the role of war in the spread of HIV in Ukraine. | PNAS |
PR HIV1 group M: 427 RT HIV1 group M: 427 |
| Perez-Losada (2017) | Characterization of HIV diversity, phylodynamics and drug resistance in Washington, DC. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1660 RT HIV1 group M: 1660 IN HIV1 group M: 223 |
| Villabona-Arenas (2015) | HIV-1 group O infection in Cameroon from 2006 to 2013: Prevalence, genetic diversity, evolution and public health challenges. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group O: 36 RT HIV1 group O: 38 IN HIV1 group O: 36 |
| Saravanan (2013) | Darunavir is a good third-line antiretroviral agent for HIV type 1-infected patients failing second-line protease inhibitor-based regimens in South India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| Vubil (2016) | Genetic Diversity and Transmitted Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Subtypes in Blood Donors Candidates in Northern Mozambique. | J AIDS Clin Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 95 RT HIV1 group M: 95 |
| Ceccherini-Silberstein (2004) | Identification of the minimal conserved structure of HIV-1 protease in the presence and absence of drug pressure. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 478 RT HIV1 group M: 479 |
| Kazennova (2017) | Genetic Variants of HIV Type 1 in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Russia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 151 RT HIV1 group M: 151 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Kityo (2017) | Pretreatment HIV drug resistance results in virological failure and accumulation of additional resistance mutations in Ugandan children. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 360 RT HIV1 group M: 360 |
| Kityo (2016) | HIV Drug Resistance Among Children Initiating First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment in Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 330 RT HIV1 group M: 330 |
| Hachiya (2017) | Trends in transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 and demographic characteristics of newly diagnosed patients: Nationwide surveillance from 2013 to 2015 in Japan. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 2113 RT HIV1 group M: 2134 IN HIV1 group M: 1553 |
| Sachithanandham (2016) | Effect of HIV-1 Subtype C integrase mutations implied using molecular modeling and docking data. | Bioinformation |
IN HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Patino-Galindo (2017) | The molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in the Comunidad Valenciana (Spain): analysis of transmission clusters. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 1804 RT HIV1 group M: 1804 |
| Castley (2017) | A national study of the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Australia 2005-2012. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 4871 RT HIV1 group M: 4870 |
| Verhofstede (2017) | Decision tree for accurate infection timing in individuals newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 539 RT HIV1 group M: 539 |
| Rouet (2017) | Massive Iatrogenic Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Rural Cambodia, 2014-2015. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 216 RT HIV1 group M: 216 |
| Matsuda (2017) | High Prevalence of Drug Resistance Mutations Among Patients Failing First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Predictors of Virological Response 24 Weeks After Switch to Second-Line Therapy in Sao Paulo State, Brazil | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 319 RT HIV1 group M: 320 |
| Chaplin (2017) | Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 382 RT HIV1 group M: 382 |
| Tee (2017) | Genome Sequence of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF77_cpx) Identified among Blood Donors in Malaysia. | Genome Announc |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Reis (2017) | Characterization of HIV-1 CRF90_BF1 and putative novel CRFs_BF1 in Central West, North and Northeast Brazilian regions. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 RT HIV1 group M: 11 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Konou (2015) | Alarming rates of virological failure and drug resistance in patients on long-term antiretroviral treatment in routine HIV clinics in Togo. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 RT HIV1 group M: 172 |
| El Moussi (2017) | Genetic Diversity of HIV-1 in Tunisia. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 196 RT HIV1 group M: 196 |
| Dow (2017) | HIV Resistance and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Regimen in HIV-Infected Infants in Northern Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Alessandri-Gradt (2017) | HIV-1 non-group M phenotypic susceptibility to integrase strand transfer inhibitors. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group N: 2 IN HIV1 group O: 36 IN HIV1 group P: 1 |
| Paraschiv (2017) | Epidemic dispersion of HIV and HCV in a population of co-infected Romanian injecting drug users. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 117 RT HIV1 group M: 117 |
| Lebedev (2017) | Analysis of the env gene variability of the IDU-A HIV-1 variant in the outbreak of the HIV infection epidemic in Perm region of Russia (1996-2011). | Vopr Virusol. |
PR HIV1 group M: 75 RT HIV1 group M: 69 |
| Ngo-Malabo (2017) | HIV Drug Resistance Testing in a Resource Limited Setting with High Viral Diversity: The First Twenty Eight Months Experience. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 166 PR HIV1 group O: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 165 RT HIV1 group O: 1 |
| Chen (2017) | Analysis of HIV Integrase Resistance in Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 165 |
| Nii-Trebi (2017) | Dynamic HIV-1 genetic recombination and genotypic drug resistance among treatment-experienced adults in northern Ghana. | J Med Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Dennis (2017) | Rising prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes in North Carolina and evidence for local onward transmission. | Virus Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 425 RT HIV1 group M: 425 |
| Svard (2017) | Drug resistance testing through remote genotyping and predicted treatment options in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected Tanzanian subjects failing first or second line antiretroviral therapy. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 82 |
| van Zyl (2017) | Moderate levels of pre-therapy drug resistance (PDR) in a generalised epidemic: time for better first-line ART? | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 59 RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Bradley-Stewart (2017) | HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance among treatment na | J Clin Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Nanfack (2017) | Multimethod Longitudinal HIV Drug Resistance Analysis in Antiretroviral-Therapy-Naive Patients. | J Clin Microbiol |
RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Karade (2017) | Antiretroviral resistance following immunological monitoring in a resource-limited setting of western India: A cross-sectional study. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 75 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Boerma (2016) | High levels of pre-treatment HIV drug resistance and treatment failure in Nigerian children. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Vrancken (2017) | The multi-faceted dynamics of HIV-1 transmission in Northern Alberta: A combined analysis of virus genetic and public health data. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1055 RT HIV1 group M: 1055 |
| Hao (2017) | Low Rates of Transmitted Drug Resistances Among Treatment-Naive HIV-1-infected Students in Beijing, China. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 237 RT HIV1 group M: 237 |
| Ghafari (2017) | Prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in recently infected, treatment-naive persons in the Southwest of Iran | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Vaz (2012) | Surveillance of HIV drug resistance in children receiving antiretroviral therapy: a pilot study of the World Health Organization's generic protocol in Maputo, Mozambique. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 112 RT HIV1 group M: 112 |
| Chehadeh (2017) | Resistance-Associated Mutations and Polymorphisms among Integrase Inhibitor-Na | Intervirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Do (2017) | An Alarmingly High Proportion of HIV-1 Isolates Carrying Mutations Corresponding to Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs among HIV-Positive High-Risk Groups in Central Vietnam: a Substudy of the National Sentinel Survey. | Jpn J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Meixenberger (2017) | Molecular evolution of HIV-1 integrase during the 20 | Virol J |
IN HIV1 group M: 337 |
| Hachiya (2015) | Natural polymorphism S119R of HIV-1 integrase enhances primary INSTI resistance. | Antiviral Res |
IN HIV1 group M: 599 IN HIV1 group M: 25 |
2017
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhee (2019) | National and international dimensions of human immunodeficiency virus-1 sequence clusters in a northern California clinical cohort | Open Forum Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 4508 RT HIV1 group M: 4507 |
| Rhee (2018) | Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 3417 RT HIV1 group M: 3417 IN HIV1 group M: 127 |
| Charpentier (2010) | Resistance analyses in highly experienced patients failing raltegravir, etravirine and darunavir/ritonavir regimen. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Banke (2009) | Positive selection pressure introduces secondary mutations at Gag cleavage sites in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 harboring major protease resistance mutations. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 364 |
| Lopez (2016) | The genetic diversity and evolution of HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in Puerto Rico. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 1069 RT HIV1 group M: 1071 |
| Misbah (2013) | Evaluation of mutation profile of protease gene in confirmed HIV-1 infected patients Presenting with antiretroviral drug resistance. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Kumar (2014) | Prevalence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected treatment-naive children in Pune, India. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Acharya (2014) | Development, validation and clinical evaluation of a low cost in-house HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping assay for Indian patients. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 206 RT HIV1 group M: 206 |
| Herring (2001) | Natural variation in HIV-1 integrase. | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Gafarova (2010) | Investigation of genetic polymorphism of the integrase gene in the HIV-1 subtype A populations circulating in the Russian Federation. | Vopr Virusol |
IN HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Crawford (2014) | Occurrence of etravirine/rilpivirine-specific resistance mutations selected by efavirenz and nevirapine in Kenyan patients with non-B HIV-1 subtypes failing antiretroviral therapy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Feng (2016) | Diverse intersubtype recombinants and high frequency of drug-resistance mutations of HIV-1 among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-infected individuals in Baoshan, a western prefecture of Yunnan, China. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 103 RT HIV1 group M: 103 |
| Chantratita (2005) | Prevalence of mutations related to HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance in Thailand, 2003. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 410 RT HIV1 group M: 559 |
| Chantratita (2002) | Prevalence of HIV-1 polymerase gene mutations in pre-treated patients in Thailand. | Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Fernandez-Garcia (2016) | Identification of an HIV-1 BG Intersubtype Recombinant Form (CRF73_BG), Partially Related to CRF14_BG, Which Is Circulating in Portugal and Spain. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Jenabian (2015) | Pitfalls of antiretroviral drug resistance genotyping of HIV-1 Group M and Group N from Cameroon by sequenced-based assays. | Niger Med J |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 PR HIV1 group N: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Ariffin (2014) | Antiretroviral drug resistance and HIV-1 subtypes among treatment-naive prisoners in Kelantan, Malaysia. | J Infect Dev Ctries |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Reid (2005) | Natural resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 to zidovudine. | Virology |
RT HIV2: 4 |
| Betancor (2012) | Clinical, virological and biochemical evidence supporting the association of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism R284K and thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y in patients failing tenofovir/emtricitabine therapy. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 216 RT HIV1 group M: 216 |
| Bouzeghoub (2008) | First observation of HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations in Algeria. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 197 RT HIV1 group M: 172 |
| Bertine (2015) | High level of APOBEC3F/3G editing in HIV-2 DNA vif and pol sequences from antiretroviral-naive patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 38 RT HIV2: 43 |
| Zain (2015) | Drug resistance mutations among virological failure HIV-1 infected patients in Malaysia. | Trop Biomed |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Melo (2012) | Characterization of primary isolates of HIV type 1 CRF28_BF, CRF29_BF, and unique BF recombinants circulating in S | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Ramkissoon (2015) | Analysis of reverse transcriptase and protease genes of HIV for antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-exposed Jamaican pediatrics. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Phung (2016) | Prevalence of drug resistance and associated mutation among HIV-1 naive infected children at the National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi Vietnam. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 85 RT HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Gottlieb (2011) | HIV-2 integrase variation in integrase inhibitor-naive adults in Senegal, West Africa. | PLoS ONE |
IN HIV2: 77 |
| Gottlieb (2009) | Emergence of multiclass drug-resistance in HIV-2 in antiretroviral-treated individuals in Senegal: implications for HIV-2 treatment in resouce-limited West Africa. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV2: 67 RT HIV2: 67 |
| Delaugerre (2011) | HIV-1 group N: travelling beyond Cameroon. | Lancet |
PR HIV1 group N: 1 RT HIV1 group N: 1 IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Castley (2016) | Longitudinal Trends in Western Australian HIV-1 Sequence Diversity and Viral Transmission Networks and Their Influence on Clinical Parameters: 2000-2014. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1022 RT HIV1 group M: 1022 |
| Liegeois (2013) | HIV type-1 group O infection in Gabon: low prevalence rate but circulation of genetically diverse and drug-resistant HIV type-1 group O strains. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group O: 2 RT HIV1 group O: 2 IN HIV1 group O: 2 |
| Lima (2016) | HIV-1 infection and pregnancy in young women in Brazil: socioeconomic and drug resistance profiles in a cross-sectional study. | BMJ Open |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| Lavu (2017) | High levels of transmitted HIV drug resistance in a study in Papua New Guinea. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 122 RT HIV1 group M: 122 |
| Oliveira (2012) | Genetic diversity and drug resistance profiles in HIV type 1- and HIV type 2-infected patients from Cape Verde Islands. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 27 PR HIV2: 14 |
| Paolucci (2014) | Phylogenetic analysis of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in multiple genes in Italian and African patients living in Italy. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Lu (2016) | Recombinant patterns of nine novel HIV-1 recombinant strains identified in Hebei province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Hattori (2016) | Characteristics of transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 in recently infected treatment-naive patients in Japan. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3113 RT HIV1 group M: 3090 |
| Azam (2014) | Trends of drug-resistance-associated mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV type 1 isolates from North India. | Arch Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 103 |
| Chen (2014) | Evolving molecular epidemiological profile of human immunodeficiency virus 1 in the southwest border of China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 284 RT HIV1 group M: 285 |
| Karade (2016) | Limited HIV pretreatment drug resistance among adults attending free antiretroviral therapy clinic of Pune, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Kotaki (2015) | HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Agyingi (2014) | The evolution of HIV-1 group M genetic variability in Southern Cameroon is characterized by several emerging recombinant forms of CRF02_AG and viruses with drug resistance mutations. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 106 RT HIV1 group M: 104 |
| de Lourdes Teixeira (2015) | High rates of baseline antiretroviral resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in an HIV referral centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | Int J STD AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 231 RT HIV1 group M: 231 |
| Sagoe (2016) | Short-term treatment outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B virus co-infections. | An Acad Bras Cienc |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Sagoe (2012) | Distinct patterns of protease gene polymorphisms in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains found in drug naive individuals in Ghana. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Chehadeh (2015) | Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance profile among treatment-naive people in Kuwait. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Bracho (2014) | Emerging trends in CRF02_AG variants transmission among men who have sex with men in Spain. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Nzeyimana (2010) | Monitoring of HIV-1 drug resistance and associated programmatic factors in patients initiating antiretroviral therapy at two ART sites in Bujumbura, Burundi. | IWHHVDR |
PR HIV1 group M: 244 RT HIV1 group M: 244 |
| Brenner (2016) | Development of a G118R mutation in HIV-1 integrase following a switch to dolutegravir monotherapy leading to cross-resistance to integrase inhibitors. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Kannangai (2015) | Frequency of transmitted drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals at a tertiary care centre in South India. | Mol Diagn Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 127 RT HIV1 group M: 127 |
| Waleria-Aleixo (2008) | Drug resistance mutation profile and accumulation kinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals infected with subtypes B and F failing highly active antiretroviral therapy are influenced by different viral codon usage patterns. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 911 RT HIV1 group M: 911 |
| Ndahimana Jd Riedel (2016) | HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Zheng (2013) | Molecular characterization of ambiguous mutations in HIV-1 polymerase gene: implications for monitoring HIV infection status and drug resistance. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Sharma (2016) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 among the HIV infected people of Manipur, Northeastern India: emergence of unique recombinant forms. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 64 |
| Tamalet (2015) | Emergence of clusters of CRF02_AG and B human immunodeficiency viral strains among men having sex with men exhibiting HIV primary infection in southeastern France. | J Med Virol. |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Neogi (2014) | Limited evolution but increasing trends of primary non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in India. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 297 RT HIV1 group M: 297 |
| Kim (2013) | HIV antiretroviral resistance mutations among antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced patients in South Korea. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Abram (2016) | Pre-existing HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms do not impact treatment response to elvitegravir-containing fixed-dose combination regimens in treatment-naive patients. | HIV Drug Therapy 2016 Glasgow |
IN HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Chew (2015) | Low prevalence of hepatitis C co-infection in recently HIV-infected minority men who have sex with men in Los Angeles: a cross-sectional study. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Taylor (2014) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infections in Austria. | Wien Klin Wochenschr |
PR HIV2: 7 RT HIV2: 7 IN HIV2: 5 |
| Yao (2015) | Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of 92 HIV-1 clinical isolates from antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Yunnan province, China. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Wolf (2016) | Phylogenetic evidence of HIV-1 transmission between adult and adolescent men who have sex with men. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2849 RT HIV1 group M: 2850 |
| Worobey (2016) | 1970s and 'Patient 0' HIV-1 genomes illuminate early HIV/AIDS history in North America. | Nature |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 RT HIV1 group M: 11 IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Yamaguchi (2017) | HIV-2 surveillance with next-generation sequencing reveals mutations in a cytotoxic lymphocyte-restricted epitope involved in long-term nonprogression. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 8 RT HIV2: 8 IN HIV2: 8 |
| Thao (2012) | HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals with HIV-1-associated tuberculous meningitis initiating antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 219 RT HIV1 group M: 219 |
| Gashnikova (2016) | HIV-1 epidemiology, genetic diversity, and primary drug resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia. | Biomed Res Int |
PR HIV1 group M: 68 RT HIV1 group M: 68 IN HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Kekitiinwa (2017) | Virologic response to first-line efavirenz- or nevirapine-based anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected African children. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
RT HIV1 group M: 236 |
| Reynolds (2016) | Low rates of transmitted drug resistance among newly identified HIV-1 seroconverters in rural Rakai,Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Ragonnet-Cronin (2016) | A direct comparison of two densely sampled HIV epidemics: the UK and Switzerland. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 2280 RT HIV1 group M: 2262 |
| Perez-Parra (2016) | Phylodynamic and phylogeographic profiles of subtype B HIV-1 epidemics in south Spain. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Chimukangara (2016) | HIV drug resistance testing among patients failing second line antiretroviral therapy. Comparison of in-house and commercial sequencing. | J Virol Methods |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Onywera (2017) | Surveillance of HIV-1 pol transmitted drug resistance in acutely and recently infected antiretroviral drug-naïve persons in rural western Kenya. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| Moskaleychik (2015) | Rapid spread of the HIV1 circular recombinant CRF02AG in Russia and neighboring countries. | Vopr Virusol |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Kityo (2017) | HIV drug resistance mutations in non-B subtypes after prolonged virological failure on NNRTI-based first-line regimens in sub-Saharan Africa. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 787 |
| Vahabpour (2017) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance frequency among Iranian treatment-naive, sexually infected individuals. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Li (2017) | Identification of a novel HIV type 1 circulating recombinant form (CRF86_BC) among heterosexuals in Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Abdool Karim (2010) | Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women. | Science |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Zhang (2015) | Genetic characteristics of CRF01_AE among newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected 16- to 25-year olds in 3 geographic regions of Guangxi, China. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 216 RT HIV1 group M: 216 |
| Wu (2015) | The predominant cluster of CRF01_AE circulating among newly diagnosed HIV-1-positive people in Anhui Province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 99 RT HIV1 group M: 99 |
| Escoto-Delgadillo (2016) | HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive patients in Mexico after 10 years: is there a difference? | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 123 RT HIV1 group M: 124 |
| Zeh (2016) | Molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics of recent and long-term HIV-1 infections in rural western Kenya. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 258 RT HIV1 group M: 258 |
| Zhao (2016) | The dynamics of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen, China. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 1316 RT HIV1 group M: 1316 |
| Smolen-Dzirba (2017) | Prevalence of transmitted drug-resistance mutations and polymorphisms in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease, and gp41 sequences among recent seroconverters in southern Poland. | Med Sci Monit |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 RT HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Salvana (2014) | The changing molecular epidemiology of HIV in the Philippines. | Int J Infect Dis. |
PR HIV1 group M: 81 RT HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Saravanan (2015) | Differences in evolution of HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase between children and adults likely explained by maturity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 546 |
| Liegler (2014) | HIV-1 drug resistance in the iPrEx preexposure prophylaxis trial. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 134 RT HIV1 group M: 134 |
| Karade (2016) | Cross-sectional study of virological failure and multinucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance at 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in Western India. | Medicine (Baltimore) |
PR HIV1 group M: 80 RT HIV1 group M: 80 |
| Ross (2014) | HIV-1 transmission patterns in antiretroviral therapy-naive, HIV-infected North Americans based on phylogenetic analysis by population level and ultra-deep DNA sequencing. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 690 RT HIV1 group M: 690 |
| Pandey (2013) | Molecular characterization of unique intersubtype HIV type 1 A1/C recombinant strain circulating in Pune, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Meeme (2015) | Drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-treated female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya | African Journal of Health Sciences |
RT HIV1 group M: 60 |
| Lapovok (2014) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 infection in Kazakhstan: CRF02_AG prevalence is increasing in the southeastern provinces. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 155 RT HIV1 group M: 162 |
| Otecko (2016) | Viral and host characteristics of recent and established HIV-1 infections in Kisumu based on a multiassay approach. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Kojima (2008) | Recent diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in individuals who visited sexually transmitted infection-related clinics in Osaka, Japan. | J Infect Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Dauwe (2015) | Characteristics and spread to the native population of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in two European countries with high migration rate. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 410 RT HIV1 group M: 410 |
| Lima (2016) | Epidemiological, clinical and antiretroviral susceptibility characterization of human immunodeficiency virus subtypes B and non-B in Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 167 RT HIV1 group M: 167 |
| Sucupira (2007) | High levels of primary antiretroviral resistance genotypic mutations and B/F recombinants in Santos, Brazil. | AIDS Patient Care STDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 69 |
| Delatorre (2017) | High HIV-1 diversity and prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected pregnant women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| de Felipe (2011) | Prevalence and resistance mutations of non-B HIV-1 subtypes among immigrants in Southern Spain along the decade 2000-2010. | Virol J |
PR HIV1 group M: 91 RT HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Ndase (2012) | Outside sexual partnerships and risk of HIV acquisition for HIV uninfected partners in African HIV serodiscordant partnerships. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 286 RT HIV1 group M: 294 |
| Aghokeng (2014) | Extraordinary heterogeneity of virological outcomes in patients receiving highly antiretroviral therapy and monitored with the World Health Organization public health approach in sub-saharan Africa and southeast Asia. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 247 RT HIV1 group M: 433 |
| Hoenigl (2016) | Characterization of HIV transmission in south-east Austria. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 259 RT HIV1 group M: 258 |
| Baudi (2017) | Molecular epidemiology of co-infection with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adult patients in Harare, Zimbabwe. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 164 RT HIV1 group M: 164 |
| Grgic (2013) | The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals in Croatia: the role of transmission clusters of men who have sex with men carrying the T215S surveillance drug resistance mutation. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Zain (2017) | Identifications of drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral treatment naive HIV-1 patients in Peninsular Malaysia. | Asian Pac J Trop Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Steegen (2016) | Moderate levels of pre-treatment HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance detected in the first South African national survey. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 277 RT HIV1 group M: 277 |
| Li (2016) | The prevalence of drug resistance among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in China during pre- and post- 2004. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 434 RT HIV1 group M: 478 IN HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Lu (2017) | Surveillance of transmitted drug resistance in HIV-1-infected youths aged 16 to 25 years, a decade after scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Hebei, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 145 RT HIV1 group M: 145 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Faria (2012) | Phylogeographical footprint of colonial history in the global dispersal of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 group A. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV2: 84 RT HIV2: 84 |
| Ibe (2010) | HIV-2 CRF01_AB: first circulating recombinant form of HIV-2. | JAIDS |
PR HIV2: 3 RT HIV2: 3 IN HIV2: 3 |
| Ayouba (2013) | Evidence for continuing cross-species transmission of SIVsmm to humans: characterization of a new HIV-2 lineage in rural Cote d'Ivoire. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Bercoff (2010) | Polymorphisms of HIV-2 integrase and selection of resistance to raltegravir. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV2: 47 RT HIV2: 47 IN HIV2: 52 |
| Inzaule (2016) | Prevalence and dynamics of the K65R drug resistance mutation in HIV-1-infected infants exposed to maternal therapy with lamivudine, zidovudine and either nevirapine or nelfinavir in breast milk. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Alcantara (2013) | Increasing heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 subtype C in inland central western Brazil. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 130 RT HIV1 group M: 131 |
| Saad (2006) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in Ukraine: birthplace of an epidemic. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 163 RT HIV1 group M: 163 IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Bouzeghoub (2006) | High diversity of HIV type 1 in Algeria. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 135 RT HIV1 group M: 117 |
| Carr (2005) | Outbreak of west African recombinant of HIV-1 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 233 RT HIV1 group M: 232 IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Sirivichayakul (2001) | Survey of reverse transcriptase from the heterosexual epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE in Thailand from 1990 to 2000. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Vergne (2000) | Genetic diversity of protease and reverse transcriptase sequences in non-subtype-B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains: evidence of many minor drug resistance mutations in treatment-naive patients. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 136 PR HIV1 group O: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 136 RT HIV1 group O: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Alizon (1986) | Genetic variability of the AIDS virus: nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates from African patients. | Cell |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
2016
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rhee (2017) | Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration. | EBioMedicine |
PR HIV1 group M: 662 RT HIV1 group M: 3024 |
| Chow (2016) | Extensive genetic diversity of HIV-1 in incident and prevalent infections among Malaysian blood donors: multiple introductions of HIV-1 genotypes from highly prevalent countries. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 152 RT HIV1 group M: 143 |
| Tzitzivacos (2009) | Viral genetic determinants of nonprogressive HIV type 1 subtype C infection in antiretroviral drug-naive children. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Meng (2013) | Five new CRF07_BC near full-length sequences isolated from Sichuan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Lam (2016) | Antiretroviral resistance after first-line antiretroviral therapy failure in diverse HIV-1 subtypes in the SECOND-LINE study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 492 RT HIV1 group M: 492 |
| Steegen (2016) | HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance patterns in patients failing NNRTI-based treatment: results from a national survey in South Africa. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 788 RT HIV1 group M: 788 |
| Rutvisuttinunt (2012) | Two unique recombinant forms identified in incident HIV type 1 infections in Thai blood donors. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 9 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Zhou (2008) | A new CRF01_AE/B recombinant structure of HIV type 1 found in Heilongjiang province, China. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Dinesha (2016) | Genotypic HIV-1 drug resistance among patients failing tenofovir-based first-line HAART in South India. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 167 |
| Feng (2016) | Geographic origin and evolutionary history of China's two predominant HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 20 IN HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Pouran Yousef (2016) | Inferring HIV-1 transmission dynamics in Germany from recently transmitted viruses. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1943 RT HIV1 group M: 1943 |
| Rodes (2006) | High rate of proV47A selection in HIV-2 patients failing lopinavir-based HAART. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 3 |
| Rodes (2016) | HIV-2 protease sequences from treatment naive patients attending a hospital in Coimbra, Portugal. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV2: 6 |
| Struck (2015) | Near full-length characterization and population dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus type I circulating recombinant form 42 (CRF42_BF) in Luxembourg. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Witaningrum (2016) | Genotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 derived from antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals residing in Sorong, West Papua. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Neogi (2016) | Mutational Heterogeneity in p6 Gag Late Assembly (L) Domains in HIV-1 Subtype C Viruses from South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 388 RT HIV1 group M: 388 |
| Gashnikova (2016) | Predominance of CRF63_02A1 and multiple patterns of unique recombinant forms of CRF63_A1 among individuals with newly diagnosed HIV-1 infection in Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 46 IN HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Posada Cespedes (2017) | Learning evolutionary pathways of HIV-1 subtype C under lopinavir treatment | IAS 2017 |
PR HIV1 group M: 3629 RT HIV1 group M: 3641 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Aulicino (2012) | Characterization of full-length HIV-1 CRF17_BF genomes and comparison to the prototype CRF12_BF strains | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Zhu (1995) | Was HIV present in 1959? | Nature |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Wilkinson (2015) | Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of near full-length HIV-1 subtypes A, B, G and unique recombinant AC and AD viral strains identified in South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Cho (2013) | Phylogenetic analysis of near full-length HIV type 1 genomic sequences from 21 Korean individuals. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 24 IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Lau (2007) | Near full-length sequence analysis of a unique CRF01_AE/B recombinant from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Cheong (2014) | Cross-border sexual transmission of the newly emerging HIV-1 clade CRF51_01B. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Gui (2015) | Genetic Characterization of a Unique Recombinant Originating from CRF55_01B, CRF01_AE, and CRF07_BC in Shenzhen, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Charurat (2012) | Characterization of acute HIV-1 infection in high-risk Nigerian populations. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Lee (2016) | Characterization of the near full-length genome of a novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant in an injection drug user from southern Taiwan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Su (2016) | Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF85_BC) in Sichuan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Wei (2013) | Near full-length genomic characterization of a novel HIV type 1 CRF07_ BC/01_AE recombinant in men who have sex with men from Sichuan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Li (2011) | High genetic diversity of HIV-1 was found in men who have sex with men in Shijiazhuang, China. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 RT HIV1 group M: 15 IN HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Delatorre (2016) | Tracing the origin of a singular HIV-1 CRF45_cpx clade identified in Brazil. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Leoz (2011) | Circulation of multiple patterns of unique recombinant forms B/CRF02_AG in France: precursor signs of the emergence of an upcoming CRF B/02. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Song (2016) | Near-full-length genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form, CRF01_AE/B'/C (CRF78_cpx), in Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Choi (1997) | HIV type 1 isolate Z321, the strain used to make a therapeutic HIV type 1 immunogen, is intersubtype recombinant. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Cuevas (2010) | Biological and genetic characterization of HIV type 1 subtype B and nonsubtype B transmitted viruses: usefulness for vaccine candidate assessment. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 IN HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Delgado (2015) | Phylogeny and phylogeography of a recent HIV-1 subtype F outbreak among men who have sex with men in Spain deriving from a cluster with a wide geographic circulation in western Europe. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 61 IN HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Jahanbakhsh (2013) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 infection in Iran: genomic evidence of CRF35_AD predominance and CRF01_AE infection among individuals associated with injection drug use. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Bartolo (2016) | Rare HIV-1 subtype J genomes and a new H/U/CRF02_AG recombinant genome suggests an ancient origin of HIV-1 in Angola. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Lihana (2009) | HIV type 1 subtype diversity and drug resistance among HIV type 1-infected Kenyan patients initiating antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Lunar (2015) | Longitudinal trends of recent HIV-1 infections in Slovenia (1986-2012) determined using an incidence algorithm. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Larrouy (2013) | Impact of gag genetic determinants on virological outcome to boosted lopinavir-containing regimen in HIV-2-infected patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 35 |
| Rodes (2006) | Human immunodeficiency virus 2 pol protein (pol) gene, partial cds. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV2: 44 |
| Xu (2008) | Genetic diversity of integrase (IN) sequences in antiretroviral treatment-naive and treatment-experienced HIV type 2 patients. | ARHR |
IN HIV2: 11 |
| Cavaco-Silva (2014) | HIV-2 integrase polymorphisms and longitudinal genotypic analysis of HIV-2 infected patients failing a raltegravir-containing regimen. | PLoS ONE |
IN HIV2: 79 |
| de Pina-Araujo (2014) | Profile of the HIV epidemic in Cape Verde: molecular epidemiology and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected patients from distinct islands of the archipelago. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV2: 30 RT HIV2: 30 |
| Charpentier (2011) | Hot spots of integrase genotypic changes leading to HIV-2 resistance to raltegravir. | AAC |
IN HIV2: 11 |
| Damond (2005) | Polymorphism of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) protease gene and selection of drug resistance mutations in HIV-2-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV2: 94 |
| Jallow (2006) | Virological and immunological response to Combivir and emergence of drug resistance mutations in a cohort of HIV-2 patients in The Gambia. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 28 RT HIV2: 28 |
| Abdoel Wahid (2016) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive adult patients in Suriname. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 99 RT HIV1 group M: 95 |
| Salgado (2009) | Mutation N155H in HIV-2 integrase confers high phenotypic resistance to raltegravir and impairs replication capacity. | J Clin Virol |
IN HIV2: 5 |
| Gurjar (2009) | Molecular characterization of a full-length genome of a HIV-2 isolate from India. | JAIDS |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Youngpairoj (2014) | Reference panel of cloned HIV-2 plasmid DNA for nucleic acid assay development, evaluation, and quality monitoring. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV2: 11 RT HIV2: 11 IN HIV2: 11 |
| Parreira (2006) | Natural polymorphisms of HIV type 2 pol sequences from drug-naive individuals. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 15 RT HIV2: 15 |
| Ruelle (2007) | Genetic polymorphisms and resistance mutations of HIV type 2 in antiretroviral-naive patients in Burkina Faso. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 14 RT HIV2: 17 |
| Jiamsakul (2013) | HIV multi-drug resistance at first-line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 105 RT HIV1 group M: 105 |
| Ye (2014) | Phylogenetic and temporal dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1B in China: four types of B strains circulate in China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 197 RT HIV1 group M: 197 |
| Han (2013) | Identification of 3 distinct HIV-1 founding strains responsible for expanding epidemic among men who have sex with men in 9 Chinese cities. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 544 RT HIV1 group M: 544 |
| Mulu (2015) | Lack of integrase inhibitors associated resistance mutations among HIV-1C isolates. | J Transl Med |
IN HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Moura (2015) | HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance and genetic diversity among patients from Piaui State, Northeast Brazil. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 89 RT HIV1 group M: 89 |
| Lin (2013) | Slow immunological progression in HIV-1 CRF07_BC-infected injecting drug users. | Emerg Microbes Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 122 RT HIV1 group M: 122 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Ndahimana (2016) | Drug resistance mutations after the first 12 months on antiretroviral therapy and determinants of virologic failure in Rwanda. | Trop Med Int Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 RT HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Bao (2014) | Characteristics of HIV-1 natural drug resistance-associated mutations in former paid blood donors in Henan Province, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 99 RT HIV1 group M: 107 |
| Abdissa (2014) | Drug resistance in HIV patients with virological failure or slow virological response to antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 RT HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Pandey (2016) | Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of six full-length HIV-1 genomes from India reveals a monophyletic lineage of Indian sub-subtype A1. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Fokam (2016) | Population-based surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in Cameroonian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy according to the World Health Organization guidelines. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Darcissac (2016) | HIV-1 pol gene polymorphism and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment-naive adult patients in French Guiana between 2006 and 2012. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 303 RT HIV1 group M: 304 |
| Novitsky (2015) | Long-range HIV genotyping using viral RNA and proviral DNA for analysis of HIV drug resistance and HIV clustering. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 625 RT HIV1 group M: 606 IN HIV1 group M: 647 |
| Weng (2016) | Prevalence and associated factors for HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in voluntary clients for counseling and testing in Southern Taiwan. | J Microbiol Immunol Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 161 RT HIV1 group M: 161 |
| Kinloch (2016) | Population-level immune-mediated adaptation in HIV-1 polymerase during the North American epidemic. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 321 RT HIV1 group M: 321 IN HIV1 group M: 287 |
| Diaz (2015) | The virological and immunological characteristics of the HIV-1-infected population in Brazil: from initial diagnosis to impact of antiretroviral use. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 7486 RT HIV1 group M: 7444 |
| Hosaka (2016) | HIV-1 CRF01_AE and subtype B transmission networks crossover: a new AE/B recombinant identified in Japan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 17 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Liu (2015) | Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 CRF65_CPX reveals Yunnan province is still a source contributing to the spread of HIV-1 in China. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Palm (2015) | Cocirculation of several similar but unique HIV-1 recombinant forms in Guinea-Bissau revealed by near full-length genomic sequencing. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Tongo (2015) | Near full-length HIV type 1M genomic sequences from Cameroon : Evidence of early diverging under-sampled lineages in the country. | Evol Med Public Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Cheriro (2015) | High prevalence of HIV low abundance drug-resistant variants in a treatment-naive population in north rift Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Panichsillapakit (2016) | Prevalence of Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance Among Recently Infected Persons in San Diego, CA 1996-2013. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 496 RT HIV1 group M: 496 |
| Jiamsakul (2015) | Transmitted drug resistance in recently infected HIV-positive Individuals from four urban locations across Asia (2007-2010) - TASER-S. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Memarnejadian (2015) | Transmitted drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naïve injection drug users with chronic HIV-1 infection in Iran. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Pham (2015) | Change in the prevalence of HIV-1 and the rate of transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 in Haiphong, Northern Vietnam. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Barrow (2013) | HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive chronically infected patients in Jamaica. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 75 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Budambula (2015) | HIV-1 protease inhibitor drug resistance in Kenyan antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced injection drug users and non-drug users. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 132 |
| Guimaraes (2015) | Assessing the HIV-1 epidemic in Brazilian drug users: a molecular epidemiology approach. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 132 RT HIV1 group M: 132 |
| Cuevas (2015) | Extremely high mutation rate of HIV-1 in vivo. | PLoS Biol |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 RT HIV1 group M: 11 IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Onsongo (2016) | Prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in HIV-1-infected drug-naive patients from urban and suburban regions of Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 63 |
| Li (2015) | Trends of HIV subtypes and phylogenetic dynamics among young men who have sex with men in China, 2009-2014. | Sci Rep |
PR HIV1 group M: 1204 RT HIV1 group M: 1205 |
| Dos Anjos Silva (2016) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance in antiretroviral treatment-naive individuals from Amapa state, northern Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Kaleebu (2015) | Virological response and antiretroviral drug resistance emerging during antiretroviral therapy at three treatment centers in Uganda. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Caplinskas (2013) | Distinct HIV type 1 strains in different risk groups and the absence of new infections by drug-resistant strains in Lithuania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Courtney (2016) | Monitoring HIV-1 group M subtypes in Yaounde, Cameroon reveals broad genetic diversity and a novel CRF02_AG/F2 infection. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 109 |
| Boillot (2016) | Programmatic feasibility of dried blood spots for the virological follow-up of patients on antiretroviral treatment in Nord Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 55 |
| Cheong (2015) | Genetic characterization of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF74_01B) identified among intravenous drug users in Malaysia: recombination history and phylogenetic linkage with previously defined recombinant lineages. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Abdellaziz (2016) | Predominance of CRF06_cpx and Transmitted HIV Resistance in Algeria: Update 2013-2014. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 109 |
| Ugbena (2012) | Virological response and HIV drug resistance 12 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation at 2 clinics in Nigeria. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Etiebet (2013) | Tenofovir-based regimens associated with less drug resistance in HIV-1-infected Nigerians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Meini (2015) | Frequent detection of antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected orphaned children followed at a donor-funded rural pediatric clinic in Dodoma, Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 81 RT HIV1 group M: 79 |
| Rokx (2015) | Increased virological failure in naive HIV-1-infected patients taking lamivudine compared with emtricitabine in combination with tenofovir and efavirenz or nevirapine in the Dutch nationwide ATHENA cohort. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Neogi (2014) | Temporal trends in the Swedish HIV-1 epidemic: increase in non-B subtypes and recombinant forms over three decades. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 256 RT HIV1 group M: 256 |
| Yang (2015) | Assessing efficacy of different nucleos(t)ide backbones in NNRTI-containing regimens in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 RT HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Sobrino-Vegas (2011) | The Cohort of the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) and its associated biobank; organizational issues, main findings and losses to follow-up. | Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Hunt (2017) | Rates of virological suppression and drug resistance in adult HIV-1-positive patients attending primary healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 115 RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| Brooks (2016) | Treatment failure and drug resistance in HIV-positive patients on tenofovir-based first-line antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya. | J Int AIDS Soc |
RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Mesplede (2014) | Addition of E138K to R263K in HIV integrase increases resistance to dolutegravir, but fails to restore activity of the HIV integrase enzyme and viral replication capacity. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Liang (2015) | The combination of the R263K and T66I resistance substitutions in HIV-1 integrase is incompatible with high-level viral replication and the development of high-level drug resistance. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Cutillas (2015) | The R262K substitution combined with H51Y in HIV-1 subtype B integrase confers low-level resistance against dolutegravir. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Anstett (2015) | Dolutegravir-selected HIV-1 containing the N155H and R263K resistance substitutions does not acquire additional compensatory mutations under drug pressure that lead to higher-level resistance and increased replicative capacity. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Anstett (2015) | Dolutegravir resistance mutation R263K cannot coexist in combination with many classical integrase inhibitor resistance substitutions. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Van Zyl (2013) | Trends in genotypic HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African patients receiving first- and second-line antiretroviral treatment regimens. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1599 RT HIV1 group M: 1603 |
| Hamers (2012) | Patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance after first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure in 6 sub-Saharan African countries: implications for second-line ART strategies. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 149 RT HIV1 group M: 149 |
2015
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rossouw (2015) | Factors associated with the development of drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected children failing protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Guo (2015) | Low prevalence of the transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 individuals in Jiangsu Province, China during 2009-2011. | BMC Public Health |
PR HIV1 group M: 130 RT HIV1 group M: 130 |
| Chin (2015) | Increase of HIV-1 K103N transmitted drug resistance and its association with efavirenz use in South Korea. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 131 RT HIV1 group M: 131 |
| Kouri (2015) | CRF19_cpx is an evolutionary fit HIV-1 variant strongly associated with rapid progression to AIDS in Cuba. | EBioMedicine |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Kusagawa (2015) | Novel HIV-1 recombinant identified in a foreign heterosexual resident in Japan: relatedness to recently reported CRF69_01B, detected primarily among Japanese men who have sex with men. | Genome Announc |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Van Laethem (2008) | A genotypic assay for the amplification and sequencing of integrase from diverse HIV-1 group M subtypes. | J Virol Methods |
IN HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Msimanga (2015) | HIV-1 diversity in an antiretroviral treatment naive cohort from Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga province, South Africa. | Virol J |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Gashnikova (2015) | A rapid expansion of HIV-1 CRF63_02A1 among newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals in the Tomsk Region, Russia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 |
| Wang (2015) | Targeting HIV prevention based on molecular epidemiology among deeply sampled subnetworks of men who have sex with men. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 175 RT HIV1 group M: 175 |
| Li (2015) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and its impact on baseline CD4+T cells and viral loads among recently infected men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1265 RT HIV1 group M: 1265 |
| Lu (2015) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance among recently infected individuals at men who have sex with men sentinel surveillance points in Hebei province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Laga (2015) | HIV type 1 subtype A1 dominates in Armenia. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 75 RT HIV1 group M: 77 |
| Carvalho (2015) | Analysis of a local HIV-1 epidemic in portugal highlights established transmission of non-B and non-G subtypes. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 289 RT HIV1 group M: 286 |
| Zhang (2015) | Genetic diversity of HIV-1 and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed individuals with HIV infection in Hangzhou, China. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 200 RT HIV1 group M: 200 |
| Bruzzone (2015) | Prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1-positive treatment-naive pregnant women in Pointe Noire, Republic of the Congo (Kento-Mwana project). | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Moura (2015) | Low rate of transmitted drug resistance may indicate low access to antiretroviral treatment in Maranhao State, northeast Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 106 RT HIV1 group M: 106 |
| Seu (2015) | Characterization of HIV drug resistance mutations among patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy from a tertiary referral center in Lusaka, Zambia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 68 RT HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Wallis (2014) | Drug susceptibility and resistance mutations after first-line failure in resource limited settings. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 148 RT HIV1 group M: 148 |
| Zhou (2014) | Diverse forms of HIV-1 among Burmese long-distance truck drivers imply their contribution to HIV-1 cross-border transmission. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 82 |
| Yan (2015) | Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV infection among money boys and general men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Guimaraes (2015) | Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Recently Diagnosed Adults and Children in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 217 RT HIV1 group M: 215 |
| Alexiev (2015) | Low HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Bulgaria against a background of high clade diversity. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 305 RT HIV1 group M: 302 |
| Pessoa (2014) | Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF72_BF1) in deep sequencing data from blood donors in southeastern Brazil. | Genome Announc |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Parczewski (2014) | Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral-treatment-naive patients from Poland differs by transmission category and subtype. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 837 RT HIV1 group M: 837 |
| Niculescu (2014) | Recent HIV-1 outbreak among intravenous drug users in Romania: evidence for cocirculation of CRF14_BG and subtype F1 strains. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 138 RT HIV1 group M: 138 |
| Loubet (2014) | Prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Liberia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 109 RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Huruy (2015) | Limited increase in primary HIV-1C drug resistance mutations in treatment naive individuals in Ethiopia | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 83 |
| Velasco-de-Castro (2014) | HIV-1 diversity and drug resistance mutations among people seeking HIV diagnosis in voluntary counseling and testing sites in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 244 RT HIV1 group M: 245 |
| Zhao (2014) | Genotypes and transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients in a northwestern province, China: trends from 2003 to 2013. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 357 RT HIV1 group M: 357 |
| Skhosana (2015) | High Prevalence of the K65R Mutation in HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based First-Line Regimens in South Africa. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 160 RT HIV1 group M: 160 |
| DeJesus (2012) | Co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus ritonavir-boosted atazanavir plus co-formulated emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. | Lancet |
IN HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Sax (2012) | Co-formulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir versus co-formulated efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial, analysis of results after 48 weeks. | Lancet |
IN HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Molina (2012) | Efficacy and safety of once daily elvitegravir versus twice daily raltegravir in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1 receiving a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor: randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority study. | Lancet Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 413 |
| Hurt (2014) | Resistance to HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors among clinical specimens in the United States, 2009-2012. | Clin Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 3332 |
| Hassan (2014) | HIV-1 virologic failure and acquired drug resistance among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 RT HIV1 group M: 55 |
2014
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manasa (2013) | High-levels of acquired drug resistance in adult patients failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in a rural HIV treatment programme in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 219 RT HIV1 group M: 222 |
| Khairunisa (2014) | Appearance of drug resistance-associated mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase derived from drug-treated Indonesian patients. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Hardy (2015) | Evolution of a novel pathway leading to dolutegravir resistance in a patient harbouring N155H and multiclass drug resistance. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| de Souza Cavalcanti (2014) | High frequency of dolutegravir resistance in patients failing a raltegravir-containing salvage regimen. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Stekler (2014) | Lack of resistance to integrase inhibitors among antiretroviral-naive subjects with primary HIV-1 infection, 2007-2013. | Antivir Ther |
IN HIV1 group M: 69 |
| Meixenberger (2014) | Assessment of ambiguous base calls in HIV-1 pol population sequences as a biomarker for identification of recent infections in HIV-1 incidence studies. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2203 RT HIV1 group M: 2203 |
| Shcherbakova (2014) | Molecular epidemiology, phylogeny, and phylodynamics of CRF63_02A1, a recently originated HIV-1 circulating recombinant form spreading in Siberia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 22 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Feng (2014) | Identification of a novel HIV Type 1 circulating recombinant form (CRF65_cpx) composed of CRF01_AE and subtypes B and C in Western Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Guimaraes (2008) | Identification of two new CRF_BF in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Zhao (2012) | CRF22_01A1 is involved in the emergence of new HIV-1 recombinants in Cameroon. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Foster (2014) | Novel HIV-1 recombinants spreading across multiple risk groups in the United Kingdom: the identification and phylogeography of circulating recombinant form (CRF) 50_A1D. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Liu (2012) | Identification of a novel HIV type 1 circulating recombinant form (CRF52_01B) in Southeast Asia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Hsi (2012) | Genome sequence of a Novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF64_BC) identified from Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Simonetti (2014) | Identification of a new HIV-1 BC circulating recombinant form (CRF60_BC) in Italian young men having sex with men. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Chow (2014) | A newly emerging HIV-1 recombinant lineage (CRF58_01B) disseminating among people who inject drugs in Malaysia. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Wei (2014) | Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF62_BC) in western Yunnan of China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Wei (2014) | Genome sequence of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF57_BC) identified from Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Han (2013) | Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form, CRF55_01B, identified in China. | Genome Announc |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Zhang (2014) | Identification and characterization of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF59_01B) identified among men-who-have-sex-with-men in China | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Chung (2014) | Oligonucleotide ligation assay detects HIV drug resistance associated with virologic failure among antiretroviral-naive adults in Kenya. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 159 |
| Lee (2014) | Prevalence and Virologic Consequences of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 572 RT HIV1 group M: 572 |
| Avidor (2013) | Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 237 RT HIV1 group M: 237 |
| Steegen (2014) | High-level cross-resistance to didanosine observed in South African children failing an abacavir- or stavudine-based 1st-line regimen. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 353 RT HIV1 group M: 369 |
| Theys (2013) | Decreasing population selection rates of resistance mutation K65R over time in HIV-1 patients receiving combination therapy including tenofovir. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 263 RT HIV1 group M: 263 |
| Theys (2013) | HIV-1 subtype is an independent predictor of reverse transcriptase mutation K65R in HIV-1 patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy including tenofovir. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 3059 |
| Kolomeets (2014) | A uniquely prevalent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation in Russian subtype A HIV-1 viruses. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 193 RT HIV1 group M: 193 |
| Totmenin (2013) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Siberia, Russia. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 225 RT HIV1 group M: 225 |
| Rumyantseva (2009) | Epidemiological networks and drug resistance of HIV type 1 in Krasnoyarsk region, Russia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 80 RT HIV1 group M: 80 |
| Baryshev (2013) | HIV-1 genetic diversity in Russia: CRF63_02A1, a new HIV type 1 genetic variant spreading in Siberia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Paraskevis (2009) | Increasing prevalence of HIV-1 subtype A in Greece: estimating epidemic history and origin. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 983 RT HIV1 group M: 1019 |
| Nouhin (2013) | Increased risk of Q151M and K65R mutations in patients failing stavudine-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia. | PLoS ONE |
RT HIV1 group M: 520 |
| Charpentier (2011) | Virological failure and HIV type 1 drug resistance profiles among patients followed-up in private sector, Douala, Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Kouri (2012) | High frequency of antiviral drug resistance and non-B subtypes in HIV-1 patients failing antiviral therapy in Cuba. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 278 RT HIV1 group M: 278 |
| Aghokeng (2013) | Virological outcome and patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance in patients with 36 months' antiretroviral therapy experience in Cameroon. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Nerrienet (2014) | HIV-1 protease inhibitors resistance profiles patients virological failure LPV/r based 2nd line regimen Cambodia. | J AIDS Clin Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 83 IN HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Pircher (2013) | Molecular characterization of HIV type 1 in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, and first data on resistance to antiretroviral drugs. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 89 RT HIV1 group M: 77 |
| Kebe (2013) | High rate of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 infected Senegalese children in virological failure on first-line treatment according to the World Health Organization guidelines. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Liu (2011) | Drug resistance and HCV coinfection in former blood donors infected with HIV type 1 in China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 63 RT HIV1 group M: 63 |
| Fourati (2012) | E138K and M184I mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase coemerge as a result of APOBEC3 editing in the absence of drug exposure. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 601 |
| Diallo (2015) | Viral genetic diversity and polymorphisms in a cohort of HIV-1-infected patients eligible for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Abuja, Nigeria. | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
PR HIV1 group M: 271 RT HIV1 group M: 271 |
| Bartolo (2014) | HIV-1 diversity, transmission dynamics and primary drug resistance in Angola. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 140 RT HIV1 group M: 140 |
| Hoffmann (2013) | Resistance to tenofovir-based regimens during treatment failure of subtype C HIV-1 in South Africa. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Inzaule (2013) | Field evaluation of a broadly sensitive HIV-1 in-house genotyping assay for use with both plasma and dried blood spot specimens in a resource-limited country. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 59 RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Capel (2013) | Significant changes in integrase-associated HIV-1 replication capacity between early and late isolates. | Virology |
IN HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Dvali (2012) | Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations among individuals infected with HIV in Georgia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 153 RT HIV1 group M: 153 |
| Thiam (2013) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among Senegalese patients in the public health system. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Pyne (2013) | Large-scale analysis of the prevalence and geographic distribution of HIV-1 non-B variants in the United States. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 798 RT HIV1 group M: 798 |
| Nii-Trebi (2013) | HIV-1 drug-resistance surveillance among treatment-experienced and -naive patients after the implementation of antiretroviral therapy in Ghana. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 101 RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Rusine (2013) | Low primary and secondary HIV drug-resistance after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in human immune-deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals from Kigali, Rwanda. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Rawizza (2013) | Accumulation of protease mutations among patients failing second-line antiretroviral therapy and response to salvage therapy in Nigeria. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 RT HIV1 group M: 55 |
| Sigaloff (2013) | Short communication: high rates of thymidine analogue mutations and dual-class resistance among HIV-infected Ugandan children failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 44 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Abecasis (2007) | Recombination confounds the early evolutionary history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: subtype G is a circulating recombinant form. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Afonso (2012) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance mutations among patients from the North, Central and South regions of Angola. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 99 RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Monno (2005) | HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) from HIV-infected patients residing in two regions of central and southern Italy. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Hattori (2010) | Trends in transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 and demographic characteristics of newly diagnosed patients: nationwide surveillance from 2003 to 2008 in Japan. | Antiviral Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 1906 RT HIV1 group M: 1920 |
| Grossman (2014) | Comparable long-term efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir and similar drug-resistance profiles in different HIV-1 subtypes. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 303 RT HIV1 group M: 303 |
| Billong (2013) | Population-based monitoring of emerging HIV-1 drug resistance on antiretroviral therapy and associated factors in a sentinel site in Cameroon: low levels of resistance but poor programmatic performance. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 146 RT HIV1 group M: 146 |
| Leye (2013) | High frequency of HIV-1 infections with multiple HIV-1 strains in men having sex with men (MSM) in Senegal. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 RT HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Somda (2012) | Surveillance of transmitted drug-resistant HIV among young pregnant women in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Bila (2013) | Evolution of primary HIV drug resistance in a subtype C dominated epidemic in Mozambique. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 265 RT HIV1 group M: 253 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Imade (2013) | Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive pregnant women in north central Nigeria. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Kotaki (2013) | Detection of drug resistance-associated mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase derived from drug-naive individuals in Surabaya, Indonesia. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Puthanakit (2010) | HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in children after failure of first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. | HIV Med |
RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Antoniadou (2013) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 infection in northern Greece (2009-2010): evidence of a transmission cluster of HIV type 1 subtype A1 drug-resistant strains among men who have sex with men. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 98 RT HIV1 group M: 98 |
| Hunt (2012) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces, South Africa, 2005-2009. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 264 RT HIV1 group M: 345 |
| Kiptoo (2013) | HIV-1 drug resistance-associated mutations among hiv-1 infected drug-naive antenatal clinic attendees in rural Kenya. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 188 RT HIV1 group M: 188 |
| Leoz (2013) | Characterization of CRF56_cpx, a new circulating B/CRF02/G recombinant form identified in MSM in France. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Ong (2013) | Molecular diversity of HIV-1 and surveillance of transmitted drug resistance variants among treatment naive patients, 5 years after active introduction of HAART in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Smolen-Dzirba (2013) | Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants among individuals with recent infection in southern Poland. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Kiertiburanakul (2013) | Comparisons of primary HIV-1 drug resistance between recent and chronic HIV-1 infection within a sub-regional cohort of Asian patients. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1782 RT HIV1 group M: 1791 |
2013
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shahriar (2009) | Nonpolymorphic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase treatment-selected mutations. | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 4076 RT HIV1 group M: 4168 |
| Brooks (2013) | Local phylogenetic analysis identifies distinct trends in transmitted HIV drug resistance: implications for public health interventions. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 274 RT HIV1 group M: 274 |
| Sunpath (2013) | High rate of K65R for antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with subtype C HIV infection failing a tenofovir-containing first-line regimen. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Heipertz (2013) | Molecular epidemiology of early and acute HIV type 1 infections in the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2005-2010. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Mulu (2015) | Clade homogeneity and Pol gene polymorphisms in chronically HIV-1 infected antiretroviral treatment naive patients after the roll out of ART in Ethiopia. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 149 RT HIV1 group M: 154 |
| Xu (2013) | Role of the K101E substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in resistance to rilpivirine and other nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Stanojevic (2014) | Ten years survey of primary HIV-1 resistance in Serbia - occurrence of multiclass resistance. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 177 RT HIV1 group M: 176 |
| Zeng (2013) | HIV-1 genotypic diversity and prevalence of drug resistance among treatment naive HIV-infected individuals in Chengdu of China. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 159 RT HIV1 group M: 159 |
| Avi (2013) | Transmitted drug resistance is still low in newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF06_cpx-infected patients in Estonia in 2010. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 244 RT HIV1 group M: 244 |
| Lunar (2013) | Prevalence of HIV type 1 transmitted drug resistance in Slovenia: 2005-2010. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 145 RT HIV1 group M: 145 |
| Haddad (2013) | Combinations of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations L100I+K103N/S and L100I+K103R+V179D reduce susceptibility to rilpivirine. | Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents an |
RT HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Mollan (2012) | HIV-1 amino acid changes among participants with virologic failure: associations with first-line efavirenz or atazanavir plus ritonavir and disease status. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 521 RT HIV1 group M: 522 |
| Chow (2013) | Molecular diversity of HIV-1 among people who inject drugs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: massive expansion of circulating recombinant form (CRF) 33_01B and emergence of multiple unique recombinant clusters. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 114 RT HIV1 group M: 112 |
| Bao (2008) | Molecular tracing of sexual HIV Type 1 transmission in the southwest border of China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 44 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Li (2013) | Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF61_BC) identified among heterosexuals in China. | Genome Announc |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Han (2013) | Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF59_01B) identified among men who have sex with men in northeastern China. | Genome Announc |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Masimba (2013) | Prevalence of drug-resistance mutations and HIV-1 subtypes in a HIV-1 infected cohort in rural Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 226 |
| Huang (2013) | Multiple genetic pathways involving amino acid position 143 of HIV-1 integrase are preferentially associated with specific secondary amino acid substitutions and confer resistance to raltegravir and cross-resistance to elvitegravir. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Porter (2014) | Characterization of HIV-1 drug resistance development through week 48 in antiretroviral naive subjects on rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF or efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF in the STaR study (GS-US-264-0110) | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Wilantho (2011) | HIV-1 integrase isolated from infected patients in Thailand. | Direct Genbank Submission |
IN HIV1 group M: 167 |
| Jahanbakhsh (2012) | Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Iran between 2010 and 2011. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 47 IN HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Melikian (2013) | Nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI) cross-resistance: implications for preclinical evaluation of novel NNRTIs and clinical genotypic resistance testing. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 264 |
| Armenia (2012) | Study of genotypic and phenotypic HIV-1 dynamics of integrase mutations during raltegravir treatment: A refined analysis by ultra-deep 454 pyrosequencing. | J Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Van Eygen (2012) | Comparison of the Antivirogram and PhenoSense assays to determine phenotypic susceptibility to rilpivirine in patient samples from the Phase III ECHO and THRIVE trials. | International Workshop on HIV & Hepatitis Virus |
RT HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Akrim (2012) | HIV-1 subtype distribution in Morocco based on national sentinel surveillance data 2004-2005. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Wu (2013) | New emerging recombinant HIV-1 strains and close transmission linkage of HIV-1 strains in the Chinese MSM population indicate a new epidemic risk. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 133 RT HIV1 group M: 133 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Aulicino (2011) | Longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 BF1 recombinant strains in vertically infected children from Argentina reveals a decrease in CRF12_BF pol gene mosaic patterns and high diversity of BF unique recombinant forms. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 194 RT HIV1 group M: 194 |
| Reigadas (2013) | HIV-1 integrase variability and relationship with drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive and -experienced patients with different HIV-1 subtypes. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 554 |
| Castro (2010) | HIV-1 drug resistance transmission networks in southwest Switzerland. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Malet (2011) | The HIV-1 integrase G118R mutation confers raltegravir resistance to the CRF02_AG HIV-1 subtype. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Mesplede (2013) | Viral fitness cost prevents HIV-1 from evading dolutegravir drug pressure. | Retrovirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Oliveira (2012) | Genetic diversity and naturally polymorphisms in HIV type 1 integrase isolates from Maputo, Mozambique: Implications for integrase inhibitors. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Monleau (2012) | Drug resistance mutations of HIV type 1 non-B viruses to integrase inhibitors in treatment-naive patients from sub-saharan countries and discordant interpretations. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Luu (2012) | HIV type 1 coreceptor tropism, CCR5 genotype, and integrase inhibitor resistance profiles in Vietnam: Implications for the introduction of new antiretroviral regimens. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Kim (2011) | Genetic variation of the HIV-1 integrase region in newly diagnosed anti-retroviral drug-naive patients with HIV/AIDS in Korea. | Clin Microbiol Infect |
IN HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Iamarino (2012) | BF integrase genes of HIV-1 circulating in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a recurrent recombination region. | PLoS ONE |
IN HIV1 group M: 157 |
| Canducci (2011) | Cross-resistance profile of the novel integrase inhibitor Dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572) using clonal viral variants selected in patients failing raltegravir. | J Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Brockman (2012) | Uncommon pathways of immune escape attenuate HIV-1 integrase replication capacity. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Van Wesenbeeck (2011) | Cross-resistance profile determination of two second-generation HIV-1 integrase inhibitors using a panel of recombinant viruses derived from raltegravir-treated clinical isolates. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Brenner (2011) | Subtype diversity associated with the development of HIV-1 resistance to integrase inhibitors. | J Med Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 157 |
| Bessong (2013) | Genetic analysis of HIV-1 integrase sequences from treatment naive individuals in northeastern South Africa. | Int J Mol Sci |
IN HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Gatanaga (2010) | Combination of V106I and V179D polymorphic mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine but not etravirine. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Coetzer (2013) | Extensive drug resistance in HIV-infected Cambodian children who are undetected as failing first-Line antiretroviral therapy by WHO 2010 guidelines. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Chen (2013) | HIV-1 genotypes and drug resistance threshold survey in Honghe Prefecture of Yunnan Province in 2011 | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Brown (2009) | Phylogenetic reconstruction of transmission events from individuals with acute HIV infection | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 165 RT HIV1 group M: 165 |
| Ferreira (2013) | Transmitted drug resistance among people living with HIV/AIDS at major cities of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. | Adv Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 224 RT HIV1 group M: 224 |
| Alencar (2013) | HIV genotypes and primary drug resistance among HIV seropositive blood donors in Brazil: Role of infected blood donors as sentinel populations for molecular surveillance of HIV. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 300 RT HIV1 group M: 300 |
| Chow (2012) | Genome sequences of a novel HIV-1 CRF53_01B identified in Malaysia | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Ng (2012) | Genome sequence of a novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant form 54_01B from Malaysia | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Holguin (2013) | Transmitted drug-resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adult population in El Salvador, Central America. | Clin Microbiol Infect. |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 RT HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Rolland (2011) | Genetic impact of vaccination on breakthrough HIV-1 sequences from the STEP trial | Nat Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 67 IN HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Frentz (2013) | Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 1621 RT HIV1 group M: 1630 |
| Tramuto (2013) | Dynamics and molecular evolution of HIV-1 strains in Sicily among antiretroviral naive patients. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 155 RT HIV1 group M: 155 |
| Selimova (2010) | HIV-1 pol gene subtypes isolated from drug-naive individuals in Russia. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 44 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Temereanca (2013) | Transmitted HIV drug resistance in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive Romanian patients. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 61 RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Caron (2012) | Prevalence, genetic diversity and antiretroviral drugs resistance-associated mutations among untreated HIV-1-infected pregnant women in Gabon, central Africa. | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 105 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Ssemwanga (2012) | Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among drug-naive female sex workers with recent infection in Kampala, Uganda. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Li (2012) | Screening for and verification of novel mutations associated with drug resistance in the HIV type 1 subtype B(') in China | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 638 RT HIV1 group M: 729 |
| Pariente (2004) | Long-term suppression of plasma viremia with highly active antiretroviral therapy despite virus evolution and very limited selection of drug-resistant genotypes. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 56 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Florea (2011) | HIV transmitted drug resistance in Romania 2007-2010 | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Holguin (2008) | Increase of non-B subtypes and recombinants among newly diagnosed HIV-1 native Spaniards and immigrants in Spain. | Curr HIV Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 344 RT HIV1 group M: 335 |
| Han (2010) | Genetic and epidemiologic characterization of HIV-1 infection In Liaoning Province, China. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 159 RT HIV1 group M: 141 |
| Yebra (2009) | Clinical differences and viral diversity between newly HIV type 1-diagnosed African and non-African patients in Spain (2005-2007). | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 63 RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Parreira (2006) | Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Beira, Mozambique | Microbes Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Yerly (2004) | HIV-1 co/super-infection in intravenous drug users | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Santos (2011) | Primary HIV-1 drug resistance in the C-terminal domains of viral reverse transcriptase among drug-naive patients from southern Brazil | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Miura (2008) | Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in elite controllers: Lack of gross genetic defects or common amino acid changes. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 IN HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Nadai (2009) | HIV-1 epidemic in the Caribbean is dominated by subtype B. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 67 IN HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Rolland (2012) | Increased HIV-1 vaccine efficacy against viruses with genetic signatures in Env V2 | Nature |
PR HIV1 group M: 121 RT HIV1 group M: 121 IN HIV1 group M: 121 |
| Nazziwa (2012) | HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance and evidence of transmission clusters among recently infected antiretroviral naive individuals from Ugandan fishing communities of Lake Victoria | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 46 |
| Hawke (2013) | HIV non-B subtype distribution: Emerging trends and risk factors for imported and local infections newly diagnosed in South Australia | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 424 RT HIV1 group M: 421 |
| Chen (2012) | Genetic diversity and drug resistance among newly diagnosed and antiretroviral treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in western Yunnan: A hot area of viral recombination in China | BMC Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 299 RT HIV1 group M: 299 |
| Sato (2006) | In vitro selection of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase that confer resistance to capravirine, a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. | Antiviral Res |
RT HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Jones (2012) | Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2016 RT HIV1 group M: 2016 |
| Parczewski (2012) | HIV-1 integrase resistance among antiretroviral treatment naive and experienced patients from northwestern Poland. | BMC Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 112 |
| Murillo (2012) | Prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers and men who have sex with men in El Salvador, Central America. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Villena (2007) | Relative fitness and replication capacity of a multinucleoside analogue-resistant clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate with a deletion of codon 69 in the reverse transcriptase coding region. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Trinh (2012) | Short communication: Drug resistance mutations in the HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes in antiretroviral-naive Vietnamese children. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Soria (2012) | Transmitted HIV resistance to first-line antiretroviral therapy in Lima, Peru. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| da Silveira (2012) | HIV type 1 molecular epidemiology in pol and gp41 genes among naive patients from Mato Grosso do Sul State, central western Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Brennan (2010) | Expanded evaluation of blood donors in the United States for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-B subtypes and antiretroviral drug-resistant strains: 2005 through 2007. | Transfusion |
PR HIV1 group M: 203 RT HIV1 group M: 203 |
| Underwood (2012) | The activity of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir against HIV-1 variants isolated from raltegravir-treated adults. | JAIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 27 IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Rhee (2010) | HIV-1 protease mutations and protease inhibitor cross resistance. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 939 |
| Gatanaga (2007) | Drug-resistant HIV-1 prevalence in patients newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Japan | Antiviral Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 491 RT HIV1 group M: 473 |
| Holguin (2007) | Introduction of non-B subtypes among Spaniards newly diagnosed with HIV type 1 in the Canary Islands. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 148 RT HIV1 group M: 148 |
| Rhee (2009) | Predictive value of HIV-1 genotypic resistance test interpretation algorithms. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 734 RT HIV1 group M: 720 |
| Rhee (2005) | HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutations: Correlations with antiretroviral therapy in subtype B isolates and implications for drug-resistance surveillance. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 8698 RT HIV1 group M: 8939 |
| Winters (1997) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase genotype and drug susceptibility changes in infected individuals receiving dideoxyinosine monotherapy for 1 to 2 years. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
2012
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Souza Cavalcanti (2012) | In-vivo selection of the mutation F121Y in a patient failing raltegravir containing salvage regimen | Antiviral Res |
IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Descamps (2010) | Increasing prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-infected patients from 2001 to 2006/2007 in France | J Antimicrob Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 465 |
| Telan (2013) | Possible HIV transmission modes among at-risk groups at an early epidemic stage in the Philippines. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 174 RT HIV1 group M: 174 |
| Brehm (2012) | Frequent emergence of N348I in HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase with failure of initial therapy reduces susceptibility to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. | Clin Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 138 |
| Telan (2011) | The early phase of an HIV epidemic in a population exposed previously to HCV in the Philippines. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Avila-Rios (2012) | National prevalence and trends of HIV transmitted drug resistance in Mexico | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1648 RT HIV1 group M: 1639 |
| Machado (2012) | Transmitted HIV yype 1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed Cuban patients. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 199 RT HIV1 group M: 199 |
| Lee (2012) | Prolonged and substantial discordance in prevalence of raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 in plasma versus pbmc samples revealed by 454 | PLoS ONE |
IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Varghese (2013) | Panel of Prototypical Recombinant Multi-Protease Inhibitor Resistant Infectious Molecular Clones | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 |
| El Annaz (2012) | Drug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 isolates from patients failing antiretroviral therapy in Morocco. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 45 RT HIV1 group M: 45 |
| Gaspareto (2012) | Genetic diversity and primary resistance among HIV-1-positive patients from Maringa, Parana, Brazil. | Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Ragonnet-Cronin (2012) | Genetic diversity as a marker for timing infection in HIV-infected patients: Evaluation of a 6-month window and comparison with BED. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 1308 RT HIV1 group M: 1308 |
| Dennis (2012) | Phylogenetic insights into HIV transmission in North Carolina. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1238 RT HIV1 group M: 1238 |
| Hingankar (2012) | Initial virologic response and HIV drug resistance among HIV-infected individuals initiating first-line antiretroviral therapy at 2 clinics in Chennai and Mumbai, India. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 96 RT HIV1 group M: 96 |
| Ragonnet-Cronin (2012) | Adaptive evolution of HIV at HLA epitopes is associated with ethnicity in Canada | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 1797 RT HIV1 group M: 1797 |
| Price (2011) | Transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance among individuals with recent HIV infection in East and Southern Africa | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 633 RT HIV1 group M: 636 IN HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Dagnra (2011) | High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 46 |
| von Wyl (2010) | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase connection domain mutations: dynamics of emergence and implications for success of combination antiretroviral therapy. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Luebbert (2012) | Virological failure and drug resistance in patients on antiretroviral therapy after treatment interruption in Lilongwe, Malawi. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Fokam (2011) | Drug resistance among drug-naive and first-line antiretroviral treatment-failing children in Cameroon. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
PR HIV1 group M: 80 RT HIV1 group M: 80 |
| Reynolds (2012) | Antiretroviral drug susceptibility among HIV-infected adults failing antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Ssemwanga (2012) | Low drug resistance levels among drug-naive individuals with recent HIV-1 infection in a rural clinical cohort in southwestern Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Frange (2012) | Recent HIV-1 infection contributes to the viral diffusion over the French territory with a recent increasing frequency. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 989 |
| Garrido (2012) | Broad phenotypic cross-resistance to elvitegravir in HIV-infected patients failing on raltegravir-containing regimens. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Abram (2013) | Impact of primary elvitegravir resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 integrase on drug susceptibility and viral replication fitness. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Li (2013) | The in vitro cross-resistance profile of the NRTI BMS-986001 against known NRTI resistance mutations | Antimicrob Agents Chemother |
RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Hassan (2013) | Low prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance amongst ARV naive adults in a rural HIV clinic in Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 211 RT HIV1 group M: 211 |
| Haddad (2011) | Mutation Y188L of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is strongly associated with reduced susceptibility to rilpivirine | CROI 2012 |
RT HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Sigaloff (2012) | High prevalence of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among newly HIV type 1 diagnosed adults in Mombasa, Kenya. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Margot (2012) | In vitro resistance selections using elvitegravir, raltegravir, and two metabolites of elvitegravir M1 and M4 | Antiviral Res |
IN HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Sinha (2012) | Prevalence of HIV drug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 isolates in antiretroviral therapy naive population from northern India. | AIDS Res Treatm |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Tran (2012) | No increase of drug-resistant HIV type 1 prevalence among drug-naive individuals in northern Vietnam. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 107 RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Yang (2012) | Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance and thumb subdomain polymorphisms among newly HIV-1 diagnosed patients infected with CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC virus in Guangdong Province, China | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 119 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Melikian (2012) | Standardized comparison of the relative impacts of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations on nucleoside RT inhibitor susceptibility. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 1748 RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| De Gascun (2012) | Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Ireland: Phylogenetic Evidence for Risk Group-Specific Subepidemics. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 824 RT HIV1 group M: 824 |
| Gupta (2011) | Connection domain mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase do not impact etravirine susceptibility and virologic responses to etravirine-containing regimens | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Ngo-Giang-Huong (2011) | Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: A bayesian analysis. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 121 |
| Margot (2006) | Resistance development over 144 weeks in treatment-naive patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or stavudine with lamivudine and efavirenz in Study 903 | HIV Med |
RT HIV1 group M: 124 |
| Dean (2011) | Prevalence of HIV type 1 antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Vietnam: A multicenter study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Karlsson (2012) | Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 208 RT HIV1 group M: 208 |
| Aghokeng (2011) | High failure rate of the ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system for drug resistance testing in Cameroon, a country with broad HIV-1 genetic diversity | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 145 RT HIV1 group M: 145 |
| Germanaud (2010) | Level of viral load and antiretroviral resistance after 6 months of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor first-line treatment in HIV-1-infected children in Mali | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Miri (2011) | Characterization of protease resistance associated mutations in HIV-1 drug naive patients following the increasing prevalence of CRF02_AG strain in Morocco. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 162 |
| Paraschiv (2009) | Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations in subtype F1 strains isolated from heavily treated adolescents in Romania. | Int J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 335 |
| Paredes (2011) | A376S in the connection subdomain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers increased risk of virological failure to nevirapine therapy | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 269 RT HIV1 group M: 266 |
| Podzamczer (2002) | A randomized clinical trial comparing nelfinavir or nevirapine associated to zidovudine/lamivudine in HIV-infected naive patients (the Combine Study). | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 102 RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Nwobegahay (2011) | Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and HIV-I subtypes among newly-diagnosed drug-naive persons visiting a voluntary testing and counselling centre in northeastern South Africa. | J Health Popul Nutr |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Youngpairoj (2012) | Prevalence of drug resistance-related polymorphisms in treatment-naive individuals infected with nonsubtype B HIV type 1 in Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Fernandez-Garcia (2012) | The analysis of near full-length genome sequences of HIV-1 subtype A viruses from Russia supports the monophyly of major intrasubtype clusters. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Barber (2012) | Frequency and patterns of protease gene resistance mutations in HIV-infected patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir as their first protease inhibitor. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Charpentier (2011) | Virological response and resistance profiles after 18 to 30 months of first- or second-/third-line antiretroviral treatment: A cross-sectional evaluation in HIV type 1-infected children living in the Central African Republic. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 69 RT HIV1 group M: 69 |
| Ferradini (2011) | High efficacy of lopinavir/r-based second-line antiretroviral treatment after 24 months of follow up at ESTHER/Calmette Hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. | J Int AIDS Soc |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Zeng (2011) | The human immunodeficiency virus-1 genotype diversity and drug resistance mutations profile of volunteer blood donors from Chinese blood centers. | Transfusion |
PR HIV1 group M: 113 RT HIV1 group M: 113 |
| Ye (2012) | The prevalence of drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals in Beijing, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 139 RT HIV1 group M: 139 |
| Hamers (2011) | HIV-1 drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive individuals in sub-Saharan Africa after rollout of antiretroviral therapy: A multicentre observational study. | Lancet |
PR HIV1 group M: 2474 RT HIV1 group M: 2473 |
| Delwart (2012) | Genetic diversity of recently acquired and prevalent HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infections in US blood donors. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 319 RT HIV1 group M: 319 |
| Aghokeng (2011) | Scale-up of antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa is accompanied by increasing HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in drug-naive patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 206 RT HIV1 group M: 206 |
| Green (2011) | Drug resistance and coreceptor usage in HIV type 1 subtype C-infected children initiating or failing highly active antiretroviral therapy in south Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Dau (2010) | Connection domain mutations in treatment-experienced patients in the OPTIMA trial. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 420 RT HIV1 group M: 420 |
| Duc (2012) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance using matched plasma and dried blood spot specimens from voluntary counseling and testing sites in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2007-2008 | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Kamoto (2008) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance with the World Health Organization threshold survey method in Lilongwe, Malawi. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 53 RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Yang (2011) | Global surveillance of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in PEPFAR-supported countries using a broadly sensitive genotyping assay | CROI 2011 |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Bussmann (2011) | Prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Botswana: Lessons learned from the HIVDR-threshold survey conducted among women presenting for routine antenatal care as part of the 2007 national sentinel survey. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 152 RT HIV1 group M: 152 |
| Serrano (2012) | Low transmitted drug resistance and high viral genetic diversity of HIV-1 strains circulating in young pregnant women recently diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Luada, Angola | ASLM 2012 |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Varghese (2011) | Phenotypic evidence for NRTI resistance in HIV-1 isolates with the RT mutation K64H. | Unpublished |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Kulkarni (2012) | The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase M184I mutation enhances the E138K-associated resistance to rilpivirine and decreases viral fitness. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Hu (2007) | Virologic characterization of HIV type 1 with a codon 70 deletion in reverse transcriptase. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Truong (2011) | Sentinel surveillance of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance, acute infection and recent infection. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 342 RT HIV1 group M: 342 |
| Balamane (2012) | Panel of prototypical recombinant infectious molecular clones resistant to nevirapine, efavirenz, etravirine, and rilpivirine. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Tambuyzer (2009) | Compilation and prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Ragonnet-Cronin (2010) | Longitudinal phylogenetic surveillance identifies distinct patterns of cluster dynamics. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 875 RT HIV1 group M: 875 |
| Gonzalez (2010) | Short communication: Antiretroviral therapy resistance mutations present in the HIV type 1 subtype C pol and env regions from therapy-naive patients in Zambia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 122 RT HIV1 group M: 122 |
| Zarandia (2006) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and genotypic drug susceptibility in the Republic of Georgia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
2011
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bunupuradah (2011) | Etravirine and rilpivirine resistance in HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE-infected adults failing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimens. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 215 |
| Manasa (2011) | Primary drug resistance in South Africa - data from 20 years of surveys. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Ferreira (2011) | Moderate prevalence of transmitted drug resistance and high HIV-1 genetic diversity in patients from Mato Grosso State, Central Western Brazil. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Sigaloff (2011) | Unnecessary antiretroviral treatment switches and accumulation of HIV resistance mutations; two arguments for viral load monitoring in Africa. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 183 RT HIV1 group M: 183 |
| Sigaloff (2011) | Accumulation of HIV drug resistance mutations in patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment in South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 69 RT HIV1 group M: 69 |
| Kagan (2009) | Additional HIV-1 mutation patterns associated with reduced phenotypic susceptibility to etravirine in clinical samples. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Wang (2008) | Identification of subtype B, multiple circulating recombinant forms and unique recombinants of HIV type 1 in an MSM cohort in China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 36 RT HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Su (2011) | HIV-1 subtypes based on the pol gene and drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-naive patients from Guangxi, Southern China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 124 RT HIV1 group M: 124 |
| Chibo (2011) | HIV transmissions during seroconversion contribute significantly to new infections in men who have sex with men in Australia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 209 RT HIV1 group M: 209 |
| Ajoge (2012) | Drug resistance pattern of HIV type 1 isolates sampled in 2007 from therapy-naive pregnant women in north-central Nigeria. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 RT HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Riddler (2008) | Class-sparing regimens for initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. | N Engl J Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 230 RT HIV1 group M: 293 |
| Ng (2011) | Identification of New CRF51_01B in Singapore using full genome analysis of three HIV type 1 isolates. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Tshabalala (2011) | Surveillance of transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-1 infected women attending antenatal clinics in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. | PLoS ONE |
RT HIV1 group M: 206 |
| Graf (2011) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and drug resistance among treatment naive patients from southern Brazil: An association of HIV-1 subtypes with exposure categories. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 82 IN HIV1 group M: 81 |
| van Zyl (2011) | Antiretroviral resistance patterns and factors associated with resistance in adult patients failing NNRTI-based regimens in the western cape, South Africa. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 163 RT HIV1 group M: 167 |
| Deshpande (2009) | Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sequences from 382 patients recruited in JJ Hospital of Mumbai, India, between 2002 and 2008. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 383 |
| Deshpande (2011) | Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 isolates from naive patients eligible for first line antiretroviral therapy in JJ Hospital, Mumbai, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Kao (2011) | Surveillance of HIV type 1 recent infection and molecular epidemiology among different risk behaviors between 2007 and 2009 after the HIV type 1 CRF07_BC outbreak in Taiwan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 381 RT HIV1 group M: 378 |
| Sahbandar (2009) | Current HIV type 1 molecular epidemiology profile and identification of unique recombinant forms in Jakarta, Indonesia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Parboosing (2011) | Resistance to antiretroviral drugs in newly diagnosed, young treatment-naive HIV-positive pregnant women in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 56 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Shahid (2011) | HIV-1 circulating recombinant form in Nepal. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Wallis (2010) | Case report of the rare deletion at codon 69 of reverse transcriptase in a South African HIV-1 subtype C infected patient. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Moussa (2010) | First data on HIV-1 resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in Central African Republic. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Hue (2011) | HIV Type 1 in a Rural Coastal Town in Kenya Shows Multiple Introductions with Many Subtypes and Much Recombination. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Thorat (2011) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance among HIV yype 1-positive women attending an antenatal clinic in Kakinada, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Mezei (2011) | Molecular epidemiological analysis of env and pol sequences in newly diagnosed HIV Type 1-infected, untreated patients in Hungary. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| de Medeiros (2011) | Co-circulation HIV-1 subtypes B, C, and CRF31_BC in a drug-naive population from Southernmost Brazil: Analysis of primary resistance mutations. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 99 RT HIV1 group M: 99 |
| El-Khatib (2010) | Viremia and drug resistance among HIV-1 patients on antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional study in Soweto, South Africa. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 129 |
| Bontell (2011) | Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic analysis of HIV CRF01_AE in northern Vietnam. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 63 RT HIV1 group M: 63 |
| Hoffmann (2009) | Viremia, resuppression, and time to resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype C during first-line antiretroviral therapy in south Africa. | Clin Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 112 |
| Gulick (2004) | Triple-nucleoside regimens versus efavirenz-containing regimens for the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection. | N Engl J Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 937 RT HIV1 group M: 937 |
| Kasang (2011) | HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in Tanzania not eligible for WHO threshold HIVDR survey is dramatically high. | PLoS ONE |
PR HIV1 group M: 86 RT HIV1 group M: 86 |
| Ndembi (2011) | Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed young individuals in Kampala. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 RT HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Charpentier (2011) | High prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-1-untreated patients in Guinea-Conakry and in Niger. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 187 |
| Chamberland (2012) | Transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance in Benin could jeopardise future treatment options. | Sex Transm Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 127 RT HIV1 group M: 127 |
| Carvalho (2011) | Moderate prevalence of transmitted drug resistance and interiorization of HIV type 1 subtype C in the inland north state of Tocantins, Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| El Annaz (2011) | Presence of drug resistance mutations among drug-naive patients in Morocco. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 82 |
| Ng (2011) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in Singapore and identification of novel CRF01_AE/B recombinant forms. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 199 |
| de Silva (2011) | HIV-1 subtype distribution in the Gambia and the significant presence of CRF49_cpx, a novel circulating recombinant form. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Vallari (2011) | Confirmation of putative HIV-1 group P in Cameroon. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group P: 1 RT HIV1 group P: 1 IN HIV1 group P: 1 |
| Li (2010) | Identification of a novel second-generation circulating recombinant form (CRF48_01B) in Malaysia: A descendant of the previously identified CRF33_01B. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 17 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Guimaraes (2009) | Close phylogenetic relationship between Angolan and Romanian HIV-1 subtype F1 isolates. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 9 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Delgado (2010) | Identification of a new HIV type 1 BF intersubtype circulating recombinant form (CRF44_BF) in Chile. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Yamaguchi (2008) | Identification of new CRF43_02G and CRF25_cpx in Saudi Arabia based on full genome sequence analysis of six HIV type 1 isolates. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Vidal (2009) | Genetic characterization of eight full-length HIV type 1 genomes from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) reveal a new subsubtype, A5, in the A radiation that predominates in the recombinant structure of CRF26_A5U. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Vidal (2008) | Characterization of an old complex circulating recombinant form, CRF27_cpx, originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and circulating in France. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Perez (2006) | HIV Type 1 molecular epidemiology in Cuba: High genetic diversity, frequent mosaicism, and recent expansion of BG intersubtype recombinant forms. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 425 RT HIV1 group M: 425 |
| Bartolo (2011) | Origin and epidemiological history of HIV-1 CRF14_BG. | PLoS One |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Rey (2009) | High rate of early virological failure with the once-daily tenofovir/lamivudine/nevirapine combination in naive HIV-1-infected patients. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Etienne (2011) | Characterization of a new simian immunodeficiency virus strain in a naturally infected Pan troglodytes troglodytes chimpanzee with AIDS related symptoms. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 2 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 2 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 2 |
| Towler (2010) | Analysis of drug resistance in children receiving antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV-1 infection in Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 RT HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Rangel (2010) | Absence of primary integrase resistance mutations in HIV type 1-infected patients in Venezuela. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 36 RT HIV1 group M: 36 IN HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Djoko (2010) | HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and genotypic antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Djoko (2010) | High HIV type 1 group M pol diversity and low rate of antiretroviral resistance mutations among the uniformed services in Kinshasa, DRC. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 RT HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Castelbranco (2010) | Frequency of primary resistance to antiretroviral drugs and genetic variability of HIV-1 among infected pregnant women recently diagnosed in Luanda-Angola. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Balode (2010) | Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Latvia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 117 RT HIV1 group M: 117 |
| Zeh (2005) | Nigerian HIV type 2 subtype A and B from heterotypic HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 or monotypic HIV type 2 infections. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 93 PR HIV2: 13 |
| Kandathil (2009) | A comparison of interpretation by three different HIV type 1 genotypic drug resistance algorithms using sequences from non-clade B HIV type 1 strains. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 117 RT HIV1 group M: 117 |
| Madsen (2007) | Introduction of HIV type 1 into an isolated population: Molecular epidemiologic study from Greenland. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 75 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Arien (2005) | Replicative fitness of historical and recent HIV-1 isolates suggests HIV-1 attenuation over time. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Machado (2004) | Alternative, age- and viral load-related routes of nelfinavir resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. | Pediatr Infect Dis J |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Kandathil (2009) | The frequency of HIV-I drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive individuals at a tertiary care centre in South India. | Int J STD AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 93 RT HIV1 group M: 93 |
| Sen (2007) | High prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients from Pune, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 86 RT HIV1 group M: 86 |
| Lin (2007) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infection and full-length genomic analysis of circulating recombinant form 07_BC strains from injection drug users in Taiwan. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 269 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Sanchez (2006) | Molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in Medellin, Colombia. | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 37 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Warachit (2007) | Aberrant life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF15_01B-like clinical isolates from Thailand in human CD4+ T-cell lines. | Microbes Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Santos (2006) | Characterization of a new circulating recombinant form comprising HIV-1 subtypes C and B in southern Brazil. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 181 RT HIV1 group M: 192 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Holzmayer (2005) | Near-full-length genomic sequence of a human immunodeficiency type 1 subtype g strain from Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Roques (2004) | Phylogenetic characteristics of three new HIV-1 N strains and implications for the origin of group N. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group N: 2 RT HIV1 group N: 2 IN HIV1 group N: 2 |
| Aulicino (2005) | Sequence analysis of a south American HIV type 1 BC recombinant. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Adojaan (2005) | Predominance of a rare type of HIV-1 in Estonia. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Harris (2003) | A cluster of HIV type 1 subtype C sequences from Ethiopia, observed in full genome analysis, is not sustained in subgenomic regions. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Babic (2006) | Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and HIV-1 non-B subtypes in newly diagnosed drug-naive patients in Slovenia, 2000-2004. | Virus Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 76 |
| Peeters (1999) | Characterization of a highly replicative intergroup M/O human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant isolated from a Cameroonian patient. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Perez (2001) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease genotype predicts immune and viral responses to combination therapy with protease inhibitors (PIs) in PI-naive patients. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Triques (2000) | Near full length genome sequencing of divergent African HIV type 1 subtype F viruses leads to identification of a new HIV type 1 designated K. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Montavon (1999) | The identification of a complex A/G/I/J recombinant HIV type 1 virus in various West African countries. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
2010
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Varghese (2010) | HIV-1 Integrase Sequence Variability in Antiretroviral Naive Patients and in Triple-Class Experienced Patients Subsequently Treated with Raltegravir | AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses |
IN HIV1 group M: 148 |
| Zolfo (2010) | Genotypic impact of prolonged detectable HIV type 1 RNA viral load after HAART failure in a CRF01_AE-infected cohort. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 126 RT HIV1 group M: 124 |
| Mosha (2010) | Prevalence of genotypic resistance to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive youths infected with diverse HIV type 1 subtypes and recombinant forms in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 44 RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Avi (2011) | Emerging transmitted drug resistance in treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus-1 CRF06_cpx-infected patients in Estonia. | Scand J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 145 RT HIV1 group M: 145 |
| Arruda (2010) | Intermediate prevalence of HIV type 1 primary antiretroviral resistance in Ceara State, Northeast Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 74 RT HIV1 group M: 74 |
| Neogi (2010) | Naturally occurring polymorphisms and primary drug resistance profile among antiretroviral-naive individuals in Bangalore, India. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Tee (2009) | Estimating the date of origin of an HIV-1 circulating recombinant form. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Lakhashe (2008) | Characterization of B/C recombinants of near full-length HIV type 1 from northeastern India with mosaics identical to ARE195FL but with a different ancestral origin. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Luk (2008) | Near full-length genome characterization of an HIV type 1 CRF25_cpx strain from Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Guo (2009) | First detection of a novel HIV Type 1 CRF01_AE/07_BC recombinant among an epidemiologically linked cohort of IDUs in Jiangsu, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Ntemgwa (2008) | Near full-length genomic analysis of a novel subtype A1/C recombinant HIV type 1 isolate from Canada. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Ruchansky (2009) | Identification of a new HIV Type 1 circulating recombinant form (CRF38_BF1) in Uruguay. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Struck (2007) | A new HIV-1 B/F1 unique recombinant form (URF) outbreak in Luxembourg: near full-length genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 IN HIV1 group M: 20 |
| de Sa-Filho (2009) | HIV type 1 diversity from newly diagnosed patients in Santos metropolitan area/Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Zhao (2010) | Identification and genetic characterization of a novel CRF22_01A1 recombinant form of HIV type 1 in Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Diop-Ndiaye (2010) | Antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients from Senegal. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 160 PR HIV1 group O: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 160 RT HIV1 group O: 3 |
| Yamaguchi (2010) | Near full-length sequence of HIV type 1 subtype J strain 04CMU11421 from Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Vallari (2010) | Four new HIV-1 group N isolates from Cameroon: prevalence continues to be low. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group N: 3 RT HIV1 group N: 3 IN HIV1 group N: 4 |
| Sanders-Buell (2010) | Distinct circulating recombinant HIV-1 strains among injecting drug users and sex workers in Afghanistan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 RT HIV1 group M: 11 IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Sanabani (2010) | Characterization and frequency of a newly identified HIV-1 BF1 intersubtype circulating recombinant form in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | Virology J |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Papathanasopoulos (2010) | Characterization of HIV type 1 genetic diversity among South African participants enrolled in the AIDS vaccine integrated project (AVIP) study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 IN HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Li (2010) | Near full-length genomic characterization of a novel HIV type 1 subtype B/C recombinant strain from Yunnan, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Hamkar (2010) | Assessing subtype and drug-resistance-associated mutations among antiretroviral-treated HIV-infected patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Fish (2010) | Natural polymorphisms of integrase among HIV type 1-infected south African patients. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 73 |
| Ferreira (2010) | Prevalence of primary drug resistance-associated mutations among HIV type 1 vertically infected children in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Hawkins (2009) | Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 338 RT HIV1 group M: 338 |
| Vessiere (2010) | First evidence of a HIV-1 M/O recombinant form circulating outside Cameroon. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group O: 1 RT HIV1 group O: 1 IN HIV1 group O: 1 |
| Fernandez-Garcia A (2009) | Near full-length genome characterization of a newly identified HIV type 1 subtype F variant circulating in St. Petersburg, Russia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Jones (2009) | In-depth analysis of the origins of HIV type 1 subtype C in South America. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Cardoso (2009) | High level of multidrug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 pol gene and resistance-associated mutations to enfuvirtide (T-20) among antiretroviral-experienced patients from central Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Huang (2009) | Complex mosaic composition of near full-length genomes of two NED (NIH-ENVA-DOD) subtype panel HIV type 1 strains, BCF-Dioum and BCF-Kita, originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Sanabani (2009) | Near full-length genome analysis of low prevalent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subclade F1 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | Virology J |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Passaes (2009) | Near full-length genome characterization of HIV type 1 unique BC recombinant forms from southern Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Rodrigues (2010) | Young pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS in Criciuma, southern Brazil, are infected almost exclusively with HIV type 1 clade C. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Machado (2009) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in northern Brazil: Identification of subtypes C and D and the introduction of CRF02_AG in the amazon region of Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Li (2010) | Genetic characterization of 13 subtype CRF01_AE near full-length genomes in Guangxi, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Rajesh (2009) | Antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations at baseline and at time of failure of antiretroviral therapy in HIV type 1-coinfected TB patients. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 112 RT HIV1 group M: 119 |
| Keele (2009) | Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz. | Nature |
IN HIV1 group CPZ: 14 |
| Fernandez-Garcia (2010) | Identification of a new HIV type 1 circulating BF intersubtype recombinant form (CRF47_BF) in Spain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Holzmayer (2009) | Characterization of genetically diverse HIV type 1 from a London cohort: Near full-length genomic analysis of a subtype H strain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Steegen (2009) | Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy and development of drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients in Mombasa, Kenya. | AIDS Res Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 RT HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Thomson (2007) | New insights into the origin of the HIV type 1 subtype A epidemic in former Soviet Union's countries derived from sequence analyses of preepidemically transmitted viruses. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 106 RT HIV1 group M: 106 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Lawrence (2006) | Analysis of polymorphism in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes of HIV type 1 CRF02-AG subtypes from drug-naive patients from Saint-Etienne, France. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Ndembi (2010) | Viral rebound and emergence of drug resistance in the absence of viral load testing: A randomized comparison between zidovudine-lamivudine plus nevirapine and zidovudine-lamivudine plus abacavir. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Blanco (2011) | HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance and its clinical implications. | J Infect Dis |
IN HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Pieniazek (2004) | HIV-1 complex recombinant was the predominant strain in Burkina Faso by the mid-1980s. | CROI 2004 |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Montavon (2002) | Identification of a new circulating recombinant form of HIV type 1, CRF11-cpx, involving subtypes A, G, J, and CRF01-AE, in Central Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Sa-Filho (2007) | Characterization of the full-length human immunodeficiency virus-1 genome from recently infected subjects in Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Tymchuk (2010) | Baseline HIV resistance in Malawi. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Pollakis (2003) | Recombination of HIV type 1C (C'/C") in Ethiopia: possible link of EthHIV-1C' to subtype C sequences from the high-prevalence epidemics in India and Southern Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Gomez-Carrillo (2004) | Drug resistance testing provides evidence of the globalization of HIV type 1: A new circulating recombinant form. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 589 RT HIV1 group M: 589 |
| Soares (2010) | Molecular diversity and polymerase gene genotypes of HIV-1 among treatment-naive Cameroonian subjects with advanced disease. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Fransen (2009) | Loss of raltegravir susceptibility by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is conferred via multiple nonoverlapping genetic pathways. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Manosuthi (2010) | Patients infected with HIV type 1 subtype CRF01_AE and failing first-line nevirapine- and efavirenz-based regimens demonstrate considerable cross-resistance to etravirine. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 134 |
| Nakahara (2009) | Secondary mutations in viruses resistant to HIV-1 integrase inhibitors that restore viral infectivity and replication kinetics. | Antiviral Res |
IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Goethals (2010) | Primary mutations selected in vitro with raltegravir confer large fold changes in susceptibility to first-generation integrase inhibitors, but minor fold changes to inhibitors with second-generation resistance profiles. | Virology |
IN HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Espinosa (2004) | Intersubtype BF recombinants of HIV-1 in a population of injecting drug users in Argentina. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Isarangkura-Na-Ayuthaya (2010) | Appearance of drug resistance-associated mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE integrase derived from drug-naive Thai patients. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Phan (2010) | Characterization of HIV type 1 genotypes and drug resistance mutations among drug-naive HIV type 1-infected patients in northern Vietnam. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 173 RT HIV1 group M: 155 |
| Chin (2010) | Comparison of genotypic resistance mutations in treatment-naive HIV type 1-infected patients in Korea and China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 76 |
| Vinogradova (2010) | Short communication: Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in the Republic of Dagestan, Russian Federation: Virtually uniform circulation of subtype A, former Soviet Union variant, with predominance of the V77I(PR) subvariant. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Hatano (2010) | Evolution of integrase resistance during failure of integrase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. | JAIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 134 |
| Bonura (2010) | Transmission of drug-resistant HIV type 1 strains in HAART-naive patients: A 5-year retrospective study in Sicily, Italy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 109 RT HIV1 group M: 109 |
| Deshpande (2010) | Analysis of RT sequences of subtype C HIV-type 1 isolates from Indian patients at failure of a first-line treatment according to clinical and/or immunological WHO guidelines. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Passaes (2009) | Lack of primary mutations associated with integrase inhibitors among HIV-1 subtypes B, C, and F circulating in Brazil. | JAIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 105 |
| Chaturbhuj (2010) | Transmitted HIV drug resistance among HIV-infected voluntary counseling and testing centers (VCTC) clients in Mumbai, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Nwobegahay (2012) | Low prevalence of transmitted genetic drug resistance in a cohort of HIV infected naive patients entering antiretroviral treatment programs at two sites in northern South Africa. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 80 RT HIV1 group M: 80 |
| Nwobegahay (2011) | Prevalence of drug-resistant mutations in newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in a treatment site in the Waterberg district, Limpopo province. | S Afr Med J |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 55 |
| Avi (2010) | Characterization of integrase region polymorphisms in HIV type 1 CRF06_cpx viruses in treatment-naive patients in Estonia. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 112 |
| Yebra (2010) | HIV-1 non-B subtypes: high transmitted NNRTI-resistance in Spain and impaired genotypic resistance interpretation due to variability. | Antiviral Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 223 RT HIV1 group M: 218 |
| Lindstrom (2006) | HIV-1 transmission cluster with M41L 'singleton' mutation and decreased transmission of resistance in newly diagnosed Swedish homosexual men. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 201 RT HIV1 group M: 199 |
| Plantier (2009) | A new human immunodeficiency virus derived from gorillas. | Nat Med |
PR HIV1 group P: 1 RT HIV1 group P: 1 IN HIV1 group P: 1 |
| Niama (2009) | CRF45_AKU, a circulating recombinant from Central Africa, is probably the common ancestor of HIV type 1 MAL and HIV type 1 NOGIL. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Low (2009) | Natural polymorphisms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase and inherent susceptibilities to a panel of integrase inhibitors. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 133 |
| Arruda (2010) | Genetic diversity on the integrase region of the pol gene among HIV type 1-infected patients naive for integrase inhibitors in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 76 |
| Orrell (2009) | HIV type-1 clade C resistance genotypes in treatment-naive patients and after first virological failure in a large community antiretroviral therapy programme. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Knops (2010) | The evolution of protease mutation 76V is associated with protease mutation 46I and gag mutation 431V. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Maiga (2010) | Resistance-associated mutations to etravirine (TMC-125) in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with non-B HIV-1 subtypes. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Zhang (2010) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV type 1 drug resistance in newly diagnosed HIV type 1-infected patients in Shandong province, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Baldanti (2009) | Early emergence of raltegravir resistance mutations in patients receiving HAART salvage regimens. | J Med Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Wittkop (2009) | Virological and immunological response in HIV-1-infected patients with multiple treatment failures receiving raltegravir and optimized background therapy, ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Kagan (2007) | Molecular basis of antagonism between K70E and K65R tenofovir-associated mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. | Antiviral Res |
RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Delelis (2009) | Impact of Y143 HIV-1 integrase mutations on resistance to raltegravir in vitro and in vivo. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Burda (2010) | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase drug-resistance mutations in chronically infected individuals receiving or naive to HAART in Cameroon. | J Med Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Cuevas (2009) | Incidence of non-B subtypes of HIV-1 in Galicia, Spain: High frequency and diversity of HIV-1 among men who have sex with men. | Euro Surveill |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Wallis (2009) | Varied HIV drug resistance patterns among patients on failing antiretroviral therapy in the South African national roll-out programme. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 220 RT HIV1 group M: 218 |
| Garrido (2009) | Integrase variability and susceptibility to HIV integrase inhibitors: Impact of subtypes, antiretroviral experience and duration of HIV infection. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 417 |
| Saskova (2009) | Molecular characterization of clinical isolates of human immunodeficiency virus resistant to the protease inhibitor darunavir. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Azijn (2010) | TMC278, a next-generation NNRTI, active against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 82 |
| Iqbal (2009) | Primary HIV-1 drug resistance and polymorphic patterns among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, southern India. | J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic) |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Aghokeng (2009) | Evaluation of transmitted HIV drug resistance among recently-infected antenatal clinic attendees in four Central African countries. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 135 RT HIV1 group M: 135 |
| Ayouba (2009) | Low prevalence of HIV type 1 drug resistance mutations in untreated, recently infected patients from Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Senegal, Thailand, and Vietnam: The ANRS 12134 study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 267 RT HIV1 group M: 267 |
| Vergne (2006) | HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations among newly diagnosed patients before scaling-up programmes in Burkina Faso and Cameroon. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 195 RT HIV1 group M: 195 |
2009
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tzou (2018) | Selection analyses of paired HIV-1 gag and gp41 sequences obtained before and after antiretroviral therapy. | Sci Data |
PR HIV1 group M: 154 RT HIV1 group M: 122 |
| Castillo (2009) | Surveillance of HIV type 1 drug resistance among naive patients from Venezuela. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 68 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Jayaraman (2006) | A population-based approach to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug-resistant HIV among recent versus established HIV infections: results from the Canadian HIV strain and drug resistance surveillance program. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 420 RT HIV1 group M: 403 |
| Palacios (2008) | Prevalence of primary resistance mutations in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in the province of Malaga (Spain). | Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin |
PR HIV1 group M: 128 RT HIV1 group M: 128 |
| Gonsalez (2007) | Drug resistance among chronic HIV-1-infected patients naive for use of anti-retroviral therapy in Sao Paulo city. | Virus Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 105 RT HIV1 group M: 105 |
| Nijhuis (2009) | Failure of treatment with first-line lopinavir boosted with ritonavir can be explained by novel resistance pathways with protease mutation 76V. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Smith (2009) | A public health model for the molecular surveillance of HIV transmission in San Diego, California. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 662 RT HIV1 group M: 662 |
| Ferreira (2008) | Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: Preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections. | Mem Ins Oswaldo Cruz |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Bellocchi (2005) | Subtype analysis and mutations to antiviral drugs in HIV-1-infected patients from Mozambique before initiation of antiretroviral therapy: Results from the DREAM programme. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 59 RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Weber (2003) | Role of baseline pol genotype in HIV-1 fitness evolution. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Grossman (2005) | Drug-resistant HIV infection among drug-naive patients in Israel. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 191 RT HIV1 group M: 189 |
| Sanchez Onoro (2007) | Primary antiretroviral drug resistance among patients diagnosed with HIV infection in Gran Canaria (Spain) between 2002 and 2005. | Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin |
PR HIV1 group M: 166 RT HIV1 group M: 165 |
| Galluzzo (2007) | Antiretroviral resistance mutations in untreated pregnant women with HIV infection in Uganda and Rwanda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Vercauteren (2009) | Transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 is stabilizing in Europe. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 2198 RT HIV1 group M: 2197 |
| Cuevas (2009) | HIV-1 transmission cluster with T215D revertant mutation among newly diagnosed patients from the Basque Country, Spain. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 287 RT HIV1 group M: 287 |
| Varella (2007) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns among treatment-naive patients in different stages of infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Arora (2008) | Drug resistance-associated genotypic alterations in the pol gene of HIV type 1 isolates in ART-naive individuals in North India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 44 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Escoto-Delgadillo (2005) | Drug-resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients with established HIV-1 infection in Mexico. | HIV Med |
RT HIV1 group M: 99 |
| Reuman (2010) | Panel of prototypical raltegravir-resistant infectious molecular clones in a novel integrase-deleted cloning vector. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Vingerhoets (2010) | Resistance profile of etravirine: combined analysis of baseline genotypic and phenotypic data from the randomized, controlled Phase III clinical studies. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 199 RT HIV1 group M: 199 |
| McConnell (2008) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in newly diagnosed patients in southern Spain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Bartolo (2009) | Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Angola: evidence for low level of transmitted drug resistance. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 121 |
| Dalai (2009) | Evolution and molecular epidemiology of subtype C HIV-1 in Zimbabwe. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 151 |
| Yaotse (2009) | Genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains in Togo reveals a high genetic complexity and genotypic drug-resistance mutations in ARV naive patients. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 78 RT HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Lee (2009) | Primary drug resistance and transmission analysis of HIV-1 in acute and recent drug-naive seroconverters in Singapore. | HIV Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 60 RT HIV1 group M: 60 |
| Rosen-Zvi (2008) | Selecting anti-HIV therapies based on a variety of genomic and clinical factors. | Bioinformatics |
PR HIV1 group M: 162 RT HIV1 group M: 161 |
| Choi (2008) | National survey for drug-resistant variants in newly diagnosed antiretroviral drug-naive patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea: 1999-2005. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 300 RT HIV1 group M: 300 |
| Nguyen (2008) | HIV drug resistance threshold survey using specimens from voluntary counselling and testing sites in Hanoi, Vietnam. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Deho (2008) | Subtype assignment and phylogenetic analysis of HIV type 1 strains in patients from Swaziland. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 47 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Tebit (2009) | Analysis of the diversity of the HIV-1 pol gene and drug resistance associated changes among drug-naive patients in Burkina Faso. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 104 RT HIV1 group M: 104 |
| Dumans (2009) | Distinct resistance mutation and polymorphism acquisition in HIV-1 protease of subtypes B and F1 from children and adult patients under virological failure. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 159 RT HIV1 group M: 96 |
| Yu (2009) | Genetic diversity and drug resistance of HIV type 1 circulating recombinant form_BC among drug users in Guangdong province. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Cardoso (2009) | HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naive patients from central west Brazil. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Bartolo (2009) | HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance in health care settings in Maputo, Mozambique. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 111 RT HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Machado (2002) | Use of the sensitive/less-sensitive (detuned) EIA strategy for targeting genetic analysis of HIV-1 to recently infected blood donors. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Salemi (2008) | The HIV type 1 epidemic in Bulgaria involves multiple subtypes and is sustained by continuous viral inflow from West and East European countries. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 80 RT HIV1 group M: 79 |
| Pillay (2008) | Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Gauteng province, South Africa in 2002 and 2004. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Chang (2008) | Trends of antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naive patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in Taiwan. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 786 RT HIV1 group M: 786 |
| Brennan (2009) | Identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-B subtypes and antiretroviral drug-resistant strains in United States blood donors. | Transfusion |
PR HIV1 group M: 62 RT HIV1 group M: 62 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Little (2002) | Antiretroviral-drug resistance among patients recently infected with HIV. | N Engl J Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 321 RT HIV1 group M: 321 |
| Fransen (2012) | HIV-1 mutations at positions 143, 148, and 155 of integrase define different genetic barriers to raltegravir resistance in vivo. | Journal of Virology |
IN HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Chin (2006) | Inverse relationship between viral load and genotypic resistance mutations in Korean patients with primary HIV type 1 infections. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Sirivichayakul (2008) | HIV drug resistance transmission threshold survey in Bangkok, Thailand. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 88 RT HIV1 group M: 84 |
| Mintsa-Ndong (2009) | High HIV Type 1 prevalence and wide genetic diversity with dominance of recombinant strains but low level of antiretroviral drug-resistance mutations in untreated patients in northeast Gabon, Central Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Jacobs (2008) | Phylogenetic diversity and low level antiretroviral resistance mutations in HIV type 1 treatment-naive patients from Cape Town, South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 131 RT HIV1 group M: 91 |
| Church (2008) | Analysis of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in Ugandan infants who were HIV infected despite receiving single-dose (SD) NVP versus SD NVP plus daily NVP up to 6 weeks of age to prevent HIV vertical transmission. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Hosseinipour (2009) | The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: High-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 RT HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Van Baelen (2009) | A combined genotypic and phenotypic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant virus assay for the reverse transcriptase and integrase genes. | J Virol Methods |
IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Auwanit (2009) | Detection of drug resistance-associated and background mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE protease and reverse transcriptase derived from drug treatment-naive patients residing in central Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Luo (2009) | Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 in rural areas of Hubei province in the People's Republic of China. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 152 RT HIV1 group M: 152 |
| Koyalta (2009) | High frequency of antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-infected adults receiving first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in N'Djamena, Chad. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Sichtig (2009) | Evolution of raltegravir resistance during therapy. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
IN HIV1 group M: 223 |
| Thomson (2009) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in St Petersburg, Russia: Predominance of subtype A, former Soviet Union variant, and identification of intrasubtype subclusters. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 102 RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Avi (2009) | Absence of genotypic drug resistance and presence of several naturally occurring polymorphisms of human immunodeficiency virus-1 CRF06_cpx in treatment-naive patients in Estonia. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 86 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Ibe (2008) | Analysis of near full-length genomic sequences of drug-resistant HIV-1 spreading among therapy-naive individuals in Nagoya, Japan: Amino acid mutations associated with viral replication activity. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Fujisaki (2009) | An 11-year surveillance of HIV type 1 subtypes in Nagoya, Japan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 535 RT HIV1 group M: 535 |
| Eshleman (2009) | Antiretroviral drug susceptibility among drug-naive adults with recent HIV infection in Rakai, Uganda. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 104 RT HIV1 group M: 105 |
| Ishizaki (2009) | Profile of HIV type 1 infection and genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV type 1-infected individuals in Hai Phong, Viet Nam. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 292 RT HIV1 group M: 271 |
| Yamaguchi (2009) | HIV type 1 group M subtype G in Cameroon: Five genome sequences. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Garrido (2009) | Dynamics in the selection of resistance mutations in HIV patients failing raltegravir and following its discontinuation. | EUHIV DRW 2009 |
IN HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Kassaye (2009) | Envelope coreceptor tropism, drug resistance, and viral evolution among subtype C HIV-1-infected individuals receiving nonsuppressive antiretroviral therapy. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Canducci (2009) | Dynamic patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase gene evolution in patients failing raltegravir-based salvage therapies. | AIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Eshleman (2009) | Analysis of pol integrase sequences in diverse HIV type 1 strains using a prototype genotyping assay. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 110 |
| Jones (2009) | Preclinical evaluation of GS-9160, a novel inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Poveda (2008) | Phenotypic impact of resistance mutations on etravirine susceptibility in HIV patients with prior failure to nonnucleoside analogues. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Nouhin (2009) | Low prevalence of drug resistance transmitted virus in HIV Type 1-infected ARV-naive patients in Cambodia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 59 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Tu (2009) | Human immunodeficiency virus-1 genotypic drug resistance among volunteer blood donors in Yunnan, China. | Transfusion |
PR HIV1 group M: 98 RT HIV1 group M: 98 |
| van Hal (2009) | HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms are associated with prior antiretroviral drug exposure. | Retrovirology |
IN HIV1 group M: 133 |
| Soheilli (2009) | Presence of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Iran. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Nyombi (2008) | Diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 166 RT HIV1 group M: 167 |
| Papa (2002) | Genetic variation of the protease and reverse transcriptase genes in HIV-1 CRF04_cpx strains. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Nukoolkarn (2004) | Sequence variability of the HIV type 1 protease gene in Thai patients experienced with antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Delgado (2008) | High prevalence of unique recombinant forms of HIV-1 in Ghana: Molecular epidemiology from an antiretroviral resistance study. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 207 RT HIV1 group M: 207 |
| Gody (2008) | High prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 non-B subtype strains from African children receiving antiretroviral therapy regimen according to the 2006 revised WHO recommendations. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Malet (2008) | Mutations associated with failure of raltegravir treatment affect integrase sensitivity to the inhibitor in vitro. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Parkin (2006) | The K101P and K103R/V179D mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confer resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 76 RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Dumans (2004) | Synonymous genetic polymorphisms within Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 subtypes may influence mutational routes to drug resistance. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 82 RT HIV1 group M: 128 |
| Eshleman (2002) | Survival of Ugandan infants with subtype A and D HIV-1 infection (HIVNET 012). | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 86 RT HIV1 group M: 86 |
| Caride (2001) | Genotypic and phenotypic evidence of different drug-resistance mutation patterns between B and non-B subtype isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 found in Brazilian patients failing HAART. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 |
2008
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| McColl (2010) | Strand transfer inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: Bringing IN a new era of antiretroviral therapy. | Antiviral Res |
IN HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Pillay (2008) | HIV type 1 subtype C drug resistance among pediatric and adult South African patients failing antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 68 RT HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Buzon (2008) | Raltegravir susceptibility and fitness progression of HIV type-1 integrase in patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy. | Antivir Ther |
IN HIV1 group M: 123 |
| Das (2008) | High-resolution structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase/TMC278 complexes: Strategic flexibility explains potency against resistance mutations. | PNAS |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Caron (2008) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroprevalence and antiretroviral drug resistance-associated mutations in miners in Gabon, central Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Lall (2008) | Profile of primary resistance in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive individuals from western India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| De Meyer (2009) | Characterization of virologic failure patients on darunavir/ritonavir in treatment-experienced patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 168 |
| Vingerhoets (2008) | An update of the list of NNRTI mutations associated with decreased virologic response to etravirine (ETR): Multivariate analyses on the pooled DUET-1 and DUET-2 clinical trial data. | IHDRW 2008 |
RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| von Wyl (2007) | Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance in previously untreated patients initiating combination antiretroviral treatment: a comparison of different regimen types. | Arch Intern Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 252 RT HIV1 group M: 253 |
| Goethals (2008) | Resistance mutations in HIV-1 integrase selected with elvitegravir confer reduced susceptibility to a wide range of integrase inhibitors. | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Somi (2008) | Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance among women attending antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Tebit (2006) | Diversity of HIV in rural Burkina Faso . | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Bonhoeffer (2004) | Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1. | Science |
PR HIV1 group M: 9467 RT HIV1 group M: 9467 |
| Charpentier (2008) | Drug resistance profiles for the HIV integrase gene in patients failing raltegravir salvage therapy. | HIV Med |
IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Sylla (2008) | Characterization of drug resistance in antiretroviral-treated patients infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG and AGK subtypes in Mali and Burkina Faso. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 89 RT HIV1 group M: 89 |
| Liu (2007) | Polymorphism and antiretroviral drug resistance patterns in the protease gene of HIV-1 subtypes infecting PI naive Chinese patients. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Liu (2007) | Polymorphisms and drug resistance analysis of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains circulating in Fujian province, China. | Arch Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Ndembi (2008) | Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among newly HIV type 1-diagnosed women attending an antenatal clinic in Entebbe, Uganda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Land (2008) | Full-length HIV type 1 proviral sequencing of 10 highly exposed women from Nairobi, Kenya reveals a high proportion of intersubtype recombinants. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Laeyendecker (2005) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in southern China. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Holguin (2008) | Genetic characterization of complex inter-recombinant HIV-1 strains circulating in Spain and reliability of distinct rapid subtyping tools. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Holguin (2005) | Differences in the length of gag proteins among different HIV type 1 subtypes. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 104 |
| Paraschiv (2007) | Polymorphisms and resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes of HIV-1 F subtype Romanian strains. | Int J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 29 |
| McNulty (2007) | Evaluation of dried blood spots for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance testing. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Delaugerre (2005) | Selection of a rare resistance profile in an HIV-1-infected patient exhibiting a failure to an antiretroviral regimen including tenofovir DF. | J Clin Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Toni (2005) | Characterization of nevirapine (NVP) resistance mutations and HIV type 1 subtype in women from Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) after NVP single-dose prophylaxis of HIV type 1 mother-to-child transmission. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 29 |
| Poveda (2008) | Evidence for different susceptibility to tipranavir and darunavir in patients infected with distinct HIV-1 subtypes. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 |
| Brumme (2007) | Evidence of differential HLA class I-mediated viral evolution in functional and accessory/regulatory genes of HIV-1. | PLoS Pathog |
PR HIV1 group M: 824 RT HIV1 group M: 824 |
| Andresen (2007) | Characterization of near full-length genomes of HIV type 1 strains in Denmark: Basis for a universal therapeutic vaccine. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 17 IN HIV1 group M: 17 |
| Dilernia (2007) | HIV type 1 genetic diversity surveillance among newly diagnosed individuals from 2003 to 2005 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 283 RT HIV1 group M: 283 |
| Ibe (2008) | Trend of drug-resistant HIV type 1 emergence among therapy-naive patients in Nagoya, Japan: An 8-year surveillance from 1999 to 2006. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 402 RT HIV1 group M: 402 |
| Church (2007) | HIV type 1 variants with nevirapine resistance mutations are rarely detected in antiretroviral drug-naive African women with subtypes A, C, and D. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 245 RT HIV1 group M: 245 |
| Hombrouck (2008) | Mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase confer resistance to the naphthyridine L-870,810 and cross-resistance to the clinical trial drug GS-9137. | AAC |
IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Van Baelen (2007) | Low level of baseline resistance to integrase inhibitors L731,988 and L810,810 in randomly selected subtype B and non-B HIV-1 strains. | IHDRW 2007 |
IN HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Punzi (2005) | HIV infection and protease genetic diversity in a rural area of the southern Central African Republic. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Palma (2007) | Molecular epidemiology and prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Portugal. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 223 RT HIV1 group M: 222 |
| Rowley (2008) | The discovery of raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor for the treatment of HIV infection. | Prog Med Chem |
IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Ren (2007) | In vitro cross-resistance studies of five different classes of integrase inhibitors in recombinant HIV-1. | Antivir Ther |
IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Marconi (2008) | Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 114 RT HIV1 group M: 115 |
| de Sa Filho (2008) | HIV type 1 poltype 1 pol gene diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Santos, Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 83 RT HIV1 group M: 83 |
| Vercauteren (2008) | Prevalence and epidemiology of HIV type 1 drug resistance among newly diagnosed therapy-naive patients in Belgium from 2003 to 2006. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 298 RT HIV1 group M: 298 |
| Lahuerta (2008) | Rapid spread and genetic diversification of hiv type 1 subtype C in a rural area of southern Mozambique. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Derache (2008) | Evolution of genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 among untreated patients from Mali between 2005 and 2006. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 193 RT HIV1 group M: 186 |
| Bang (2008) | Prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance: Trends in Korea. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 81 RT HIV1 group M: 81 |
| Vazquez de Parga (2005) | Analysis of drug resistance-associated mutations in treatment-naive individuals infected with different genetic forms of HIV-1 circulating in countries of the former Soviet Union. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 246 RT HIV1 group M: 246 |
| Eyer-Silva (2007) | Autochthonous horizontal transmission of a CRF02_AG strain revealed by a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 diversity survey in a small city in inner state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. | Mem Ins Oswaldo Cruz |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 RT HIV1 group M: 94 |
| Lloyd (2008) | Prevalence of resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected Hondurans at the beginning of the national antiretroviral therapy program. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 336 RT HIV1 group M: 336 |
| Ly (2007) | Reverse transcriptase mutations in Cambodian CRF01_AE isolates after antiretroviral prophylaxis against HIV Type 1 perinatal transmission. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 185 |
| Martinson (2007) | Selection and persistence of viral resistance in HIV-infected children after exposure to single-dose nevirapine. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 64 RT HIV1 group M: 64 |
| Ojesina (2007) | Characterization of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in infants infected by mothers who received peripartum nevirapine prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Brigido (2007) | HIV type 1 subtype C and CB Pol recombinants prevail at the cities with the highest AIDS prevalence rate in Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 185 RT HIV1 group M: 195 |
| Ndembi (2008) | Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 in Yaounde, Cameroon: Evidence of major drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed patients infected with subtypes other than subtype B. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 74 RT HIV1 group O: 3 |
| Delgado (2002) | Identification of a newly characterized HIV-1 BG intersubtype circulating recombinant form in Galicia, Spain, which exhibits a pseudotype-like virion structure. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 9 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Derache (2007) | Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 from untreated patients in Bamako, Mali. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 96 |
| Harrigan (2005) | Rare mutations at codon 103 of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase can confer resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Perez-Alvarez (2001) | HIV-1 subtype G and BG recombinant viruses in Spanish natives: Evidence of characteristic mutations in reverse transcriptase and protease. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 RT HIV1 group M: 16 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
2007
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eshleman (2006) | Phenotypic drug resistance patterns in subtype A HIV-1 clones with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase resistance mutations. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 35 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Zhong (2007) | Genetic diversity and drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains circulating in Shanghai. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 RT HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Shimura (2007) | Broad anti-retroviral activity and resistance profile of a novel human immunodeficiency virus integrase inhibitor, Elvitegravir (JTK-303/GS-9137). | J Virol |
IN HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Razafindratsimandresy (2007) | HIV type 1 diversity in the Seychelles. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Tamhane (2005) | Characterization of a long terminal repeat region from an infectious Indian HIV type 2 isolate. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Shafer (2003) | Comparison of four-drug regimens and pairs of sequential three-drug regimens as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection. | N Engl J Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 1256 RT HIV1 group M: 1256 |
| Wilbe (2002) | Identification of two CRF11-cpx genomes and two preliminary representatives of a new circulating recombinant form (CRF13-cpx) of HIV type 1 in Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Toni (2007) | HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance in recently infected patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: a 4-year survey, 2002-2006. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 89 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| Soundararajan (2007) | Characterization of HIV-1 isolates from antiretroviral drug-naive children in southern India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Tovanabutra (2007) | Identification of CRF34_01B, a second circulating recombinant form unrelated to and more complex than CRF15_01B, among injecting drug users in northern Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Thomson (2005) | Identification of a novel HIV-1 complex circulating recombinant form (CRF18_cpx) of Central African origin in Cuba. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| de Sa Filho (2006) | Identification of two HIV type 1 circulating recombinant forms in Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Casado (2005) | Identification of a novel HIV-1 circulating ADG intersubtype recombinant form (CRF19_cpx) in Cuba. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Yang (2003) | Identification and characterization of a new class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinants comprised of two circulating recombinant forms, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC, in China. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Kusagawa (2003) | Identification of HIV type 2 subtype B transmission in East Asia. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Njai (2006) | The predominance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form 02 (CRF02_AG) in West Central Africa may be related to its replicative fitness. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 27 IN HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Tee (2006) | Identification of a novel circulating recombinant form (CRF33_01B) disseminating widely among various risk populations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Yamaguchi (2004) | HIV infections in northwestern Cameroon: identification of HIV type 1 group O and dual HIV type 1 group M and group O infections. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group O: 13 |
| Yamaguchi (2002) | Evaluation of HIV type 1 group O isolates: Identification of five phylogenetic clusters. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group O: 37 |
| Takehisa (2007) | Generation of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus from fecal consensus sequences of wild chimpanzees. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 5 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 5 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 5 |
| Watanaveeradej (2003) | Subtype C/CRF01_AE recombinant HIV-1 found in Thailand. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Sanders-Buell (2007) | A nascent HIV type 1 epidemic among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan is dominated by complex AD recombinant strain, CRF35_AD. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Powell (2007) | Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 37_cpx: an old strain in Cameroon composed of diverse, genetically distant lineages of subtypes A and G. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Powell (2007) | Identification of a novel circulating recombinant form (CRF) 36_cpx in Cameroon that combines two CRFs (01_AE and 02_AG) with ancestral lineages of subtypes A and G. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Luk (2007) | Near full-length genome characterization of three additional HIV type 1 CRF13_cpx strains from Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Eyzaguirre (2007) | Genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains circulating in Kazakhstan. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 85 RT HIV1 group M: 85 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Bradshaw (2007) | Characterization of a novel drug-resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Liao (2007) | Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of HIV type 1 isolates from recently infected injecting drug users in western China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Sagoe (2007) | Variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polymerase gene from treatment naive patients in Accra, Ghana. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| King (2006) | Phenotypic susceptibility to TMC-114 and tipranavir before and after lopinavir/ritonavir-based treatment in subjects demonstrating evolution of lopinavir resistance. | IHDRW 2006 |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Novitsky (2007) | The reverse transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y genotype is the predominant TAM pathway associated with virologic failure among HIV type 1C-infected adults treated with ZDV/ddI-containing HAART in southern Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 61 RT HIV1 group M: 61 |
| Lataillade (2007) | Natural polymorphism of the HIV-1 integrase gene and mutations associated with integrase inhibitor resistance. | Antivir Ther |
IN HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Su (2007) | In vitro selection and characterization of viruses resistant to R1206, a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. | IHDRW 2007 |
RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Vingerhoets (2005) | TMC125 displays a high genetic barrier to the development of resistance: evidence from in vitro selection experiments. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Das (2004) | Roles of conformational and positional adaptability in structure-based design of TMC125-R165335 (etravirine) and related non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that are highly potent and effective against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. | J Med Chem |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Andries (2004) | TMC125, a novel next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor active against nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Seyler (2007) | Impact of genotypic drug resistance mutations on clinical and immunological outcomes in HIV-infected adults on HAART in West Africa. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Zolopa (2007) | Resistance profile after viral rebound on atazanavir-containing therapy: focus on protease inhibitor naive subjects in the IMPACT study (BMS AI424-128). | IHDRW 2007 |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Malan (2010) | 96-week efficacy and safety of atazanavir, with and without ritonavir, in a HAART regimen in treatment-naive patients. | J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Holguin (2005) | Heterogeneous nature of HIV-1 recombinants spreading in Spain. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 48 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Vicenti (2007) | Use of peripheral blood DNA for genotype antiretroviral resistance testing in drug-naive HIV-infected subjects. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 338 RT HIV1 group M: 338 |
| Eshleman (2007) | Antiretroviral drug resistance, HIV-1 tropism, and HIV-1 subtype among men who have sex with men with recent HIV-1 infection. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 195 RT HIV1 group M: 195 |
| Lwembe (2007) | Anti-retroviral drug resistance-associated mutations among non-subtype B HIV-1-infected Kenyan children with treatment failure. | J Med Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Han (2007) | Genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients living in Liaoning Province, China: Baseline prevalence and subtype-specific difference. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 91 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Rios (2007) | Antiretroviral drug resistance and phylogenetic diversity of HIV-1 in Chile. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 157 RT HIV1 group M: 157 |
| Kurle (2007) | Emergence of NNRTI drug resistance mutations after single-dose nevirapine exposure in hiv type 1 subtype C infected infants in India. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Vidal (2006) | Identification and molecular characterization of subsubtype A4 in Central Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Tee (2005) | The evolving molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Malaysia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Seoighe (2007) | A model of directional selection applied to the evolution of drug resistance in HIV-1. | Mol Bio Evol |
RT HIV1 group M: 600 |
| Hazuda (2004) | A naphthyridine carboxamide provides evidence for discordant resistance between mechanistically identical inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase. | PNAS |
IN HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Jones (2007) | In Vitro Resistance Profile of HIV-1 Mutants Selected by the HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor, GS-9137 (JTK-303) | CROI 2007 |
IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Kassu (2007) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in treatment-naive patients in North Ethiopia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 92 RT HIV1 group M: 92 |
| Ochoa de Echaguen (2005) | Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns at virological failure in a simplification trial with nevirapine, efavirenz or abacavir. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Doualla-Bell (2006) | High prevalence of the K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C isolates from infected patients in Botswana treated with didanosine-based regimens. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Lama (2006) | Linking HIV and antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance in Peru: A model for a third-generation HIV sentinel surveillance. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 374 RT HIV1 group M: 373 |
| Doualla-Bell (2006) | Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C on drug resistance mutations in patients from Botswana failing a nelfinavir-containing regimen. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Torti (2005) | Early virological failure after tenofovir + didanosine + efavirenz combination in HIV-positive patients upon starting antiretroviral therapy. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 17 |
| Ndongmo (2006) | HIV genetic diversity in Cameroon: possible public health importance. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 |
| Viani (2006) | Prevalence of primary HIV-1 drug resistance among recently infected adolescents: a multicenter adolescent medicine trials network for HIV/AIDS interventions study. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 RT HIV1 group M: 55 |
| Baxter (2006) | Genotypic changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease associated with reduced susceptibility and virologic response to the protease inhibitor tipranavir. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 3372 RT HIV1 group M: 3371 |
| Sung (2001) | Phylogenetic analysis of reverse transcriptase in antiretroviral drug-naive Korean HIV type 1 patients. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Vidal (2007) | HIV type 1 diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in Burundi. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 105 RT HIV1 group M: 105 |
| Oette (2006) | Primary HIV drug resistance and efficacy of first-line antiretroviral therapy guided by resistance testing. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 340 RT HIV1 group M: 339 |
| Tee (2006) | Prevalence and pattern of drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral-treated HIV-1 patients with suboptimal virological response in Malaysia. | Med Microbiol Immunol |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Laurent (2006) | Antiretroviral drug resistance and routine therapy, Cameroon. | Emerg Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Galkin (2006) | Full-length genomic sequencing and analysis of four HIV type 1 subtype B isolates circulating in the territory of Russia. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Aulicino (2005) | Circulation of novel HIV type 1 A, B/C, and F subtypes in Argentina. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Li (2007) | Rapid reversion of sequence polymorphisms dominates early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evolution. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 IN HIV1 group M: 18 |
| van der Hoek (2007) | Characterization of an HIV-1 group M variant that is distinct from the known subtypes. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Hai-Long (2007) | Genetic characterization of CRF01_AE full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequences from Fujian, China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Shi (2004) | Construction of an infectious HIV type 1 molecular clone from an African patient with a subtype D/C recombinant virus. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Paraskevis (2001) | Molecular characterization of a complex, recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate (A/G/J/K/?): evidence to support the existence of a novel HIV-1 subtype. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Tovanabutra (2001) | First CRF01_AE/B recombinant of HIV-1 is found in Thailand. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Casado (2003) | Near full-length genome characterization of an HIV type 1 CRF05_DF virus from Spain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Paraskevis (2000) | Molecular characterization of a recombinant HIV type 1 isolate (A/G/E/?): unidentified regions may be derived from parental subtype E sequences. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Hunt (2003) | Characterization of near-full length genome sequences of three south African human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C isolates. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Rodriguez (2006) | Construction and characterization of an infectious molecular clone of HIV-1 subtype A of Indian origin. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Papathanasopoulos (2003) | Full-length genome characterization of HIV type 1 subtype C isolates from two slow-progressing perinatally infected siblings in South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| McLaughlin (2004) | Sequence diversity of HIV-1 genomes from the HIV vaccine trials network. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Huang (2006) | Genetic characterization of three CRF01_AE full-length HIV type 1 sequences from Fujian province, China. | Chin Med J (Engl) |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Koulinska (2002) | Common genetic arrangements among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A and D recombinant genomes vertically transmitted in Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Harris (2005) | Genomic characterization of a novel HIV type 1 B/G intersubtype recombinant strain from an injecting drug user in Germany. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Neilson (1999) | Subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and disease stage among women in Nairobi, Kenya. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Bernardin (2005) | Human immunodeficiency virus mutations during the first month of infection are preferentially found in known cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 IN HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Galkin (2006) | Sequencing and analysis of full-length HIV-1 CRF06_cpx isolate from Russia. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Gao (2001) | Evidence of two distinct subsubtypes within the HIV-1 subtype A radiation. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| de Sa Filho (2005) | Analysis of full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome reveals a variable spectrum of subtypes B and f recombinants in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Sanabani (2006) | Full-length genome analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in Brazil. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Tatsumi (2006) | Infectious DNA clones of subtype G and CRF02_AG HIV-1 derived from Ghananian isolates. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Yamaguchi (2006) | Identification of HIV type 1 group N infections in a husband and wife in Cameroon: viral genome sequences provide evidence for horizontal transmission. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group N: 2 RT HIV1 group N: 2 IN HIV1 group N: 2 |
| McClutchan (2002) | Precise mapping of recombination breakpoints suggests a common parent of two BC recombinant HIV type 1 strains circulating in China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Carrion (2003) | Circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG in south America. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Carr (2006) | High genetic complexity of HIV-1 in low-prevalence, rural regions of Cameroon. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Swanson (2003) | Full-length sequence analysis of HIV-1 isolate CM237: A CRF01_AE/B intersubtype recombinant from Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Viputtijul (2002) | Heterosexually acquired CRF01_AE/B recombinant HIV type 1 found in Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Thomson (2005) | Full-length recombinant form CRF18_cpx; isolated in Cuba in 1999. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Su (2003) | HIV-1 subtype B' dictates the AIDS epidemic among paid blood donors in the Henan and Hubei provinces of China. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Meloni (2004) | Distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A virus circulating in West Africa: Sub-subtype A3. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Mamadou (2003) | Emergence of complex and diverse CRF02-AG/CRF06-cpx recombinant HIV type 1 strains in Niger, West Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Sierra (2004) | The analysis of near full-length genome sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 BF intersubtype recombinant viruses from Chile, Venezuela and Spain reveals their relationship to diverse lineages of recombinant viruses related to CRF12_BF. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Liu (2005) | Genetic characterization of full-length HIV type 1 genomes from 3 infected paid blood donors in Henan, China. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Wilbe (2003) | Characterization of novel recombinant HIV-1 genomes using the branching index. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Carrion (2004) | Documentation of subtype C HIV Type 1 strains in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Thomson (2002) | Diversity of mosaic structures and common ancestry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 BF intersubtype recombinant viruses from Argentina revealed by analysis of near full-length genome sequences. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Toni (2005) | Presence of CRF09_cpx and complex CRF02_AG/CRF09_cpx recombinant HIV type 1 strains in Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Masharsky (2003) | Molecular cloning and analysis of full-length genome of HIV type 1 strains prevalent in countries of the former Soviet Union. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Ramos (2003) | New HIV type 1 CRF01_AE/B recombinants displaying unique distribution of breakpoints from incident infections among injecting drug users in Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Arroyo (2005) | HIV-1 diversity and prevalence differ between urban and rural areas in the Mbeya region of Tanzania. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Sanabani (2006) | Analysis of the near full length genomes of HIV-1 subtypes B, F and BF recombinant from a cohort of 14 patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | Infect Genet Evol |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Vinoles (2005) | Seroincidence and phylogeny of human immunodeficiency virus infections in a cohort of commercial sex workers in Montevideo, Uruguay. | Am J Trop Med Hyg |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Visawapoka (2006) | Circulating and unique recombinant forms of HIV Type 1 containing subsubtype A2. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Sierra (2007) | Identification of 3 phylogenetically related HIV-1 BG intersubtype circulating recombinant forms in Cuba. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 IN HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Tovanabutra (2003) | A new circulating recombinant form, CRF15_01B, reinforces the linkage between IDU and heterosexual epidemics in Thailand. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Pando (2006) | First report of an HIV-1 triple recombinant of subtypes B, C and F in Buenos Aires, Argentina. | Retrovirology |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Keele (2006) | Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1. | Science |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 4 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 4 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 26 |
| Hsu (2005) | Characterization of mutations in CRF01_AE virus isolates from antiretroviral treatment naive and experienced patients in Singapore. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 104 RT HIV1 group M: 104 |
| Vidal (2006) | HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 70 RT HIV1 group M: 70 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Qiu (2005) | Characterization of five nearly full-length genomes of early HIV type 1 strains in Ruili city: Implications for the genesis of CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC circulating in China. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Carr (2005) | HIV subtype and drug resistance patterns among drug-naive infected persons in Jos, Nigeria. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 23 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Rey (2006) | Virologic response of zidovudine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combination in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected patients. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Damond (2004) | Identification of a highly divergent HIV type 2 and proposal for a change in HIV type 2 classification. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Kuritzkes (2004) | Rate of thymidine analogue resistance mutation accumulation with zidovudine- or stavudine-based regimens. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 405 RT HIV1 group M: 407 |
| Deshpande (2004) | Molecular characterization of HIV type 1 isolates from untreated patients of Mumbai (Bombay), India, and detection of rare resistance mutations. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 122 RT HIV1 group M: 126 |
| Santiago (2003) | Amplification of a complete simian immunodeficiency virus genome from fecal RNA of a wild chimpanzee. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Mo (2006) | Identification and structural characterization of I84C and I84A mutations that are associated with high-level resistance to HIV protease inhibitors and impair viral replication. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Mokili (2002) | Identification of a novel clade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Democratic Republic of Congo. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Vidal (2000) | Identification of a complex env subtype E HIV type 1 virus from the Democratic Republic of Congo, recombinant with A, G, H, J, K, and unknown subtypes. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Carr (2001) | The AG recombinant IbNG and novel strains of group M HIV-1 are common in Cameroon. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Cuevas (2002) | High HIV-1 genetic diversity in Cuba. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 107 RT HIV1 group M: 107 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Rodenburg (2001) | Near full-length clones and reference sequences for subtype C isolates of HIV type 1 from three different continents. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Delgado (2001) | Analysis of HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from Venezuela for drug resistance-associated mutations and subtype classification: A UNAIDS study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Whitcomb (2002) | Hypersusceptibility to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1: Clinical, phenotypic and genotypic correlates. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Brennan (2000) | Genetic variation in human immunodeficiency virus type 2: Identification of a unique variant from human plasma. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Liitsola (2000) | An AB recombinant and its parental HIV type 1 strains in the area of the former Soviet Union: Low requirements for sequence identity in recombination. UNAIDS virus isolation network. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Laukkanen (2000) | Virtually full-length subtype F and F/D recombinant HIV-1 from Africa and South America. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Gao (1998) | A comprehensive panel of near-full-length clones and reference sequences for non-subtype B isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
2006
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Montavon (2002) | CRF06-cpx: A new circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 in West Africa involving subtypes A, G, K, and J. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Skinner (1998) | Analysis of a large collection of natural HIV-1 integrase sequences, including those from long-term nonprogressors. | JAIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Burns (2002) | Sequence variability of the integrase protein from a diverse collection of HIV type 1 isolates representing several subtypes. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 18 IN HIV1 group O: 3 |
| Yamaguchi (2006) | HIV-1 group N: Evidence of ongoing transmission in Cameroon. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Reinke (2001) | Natural selection results in conservation of HIV-1 integrase activity despite sequence variability. | AIDS |
IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Couto-Fernandez (2006) | Phylogenetic analysis of Brazilian HIV type 1 subtype D strains: Tracing the origin of this subtype in Brazil. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Swanson (2003) | Molecular characterization of 39 HIV-1 isolates representing group M (subtypes A-G) and group O: Sequence analysis of gag p24, pol integrase, and env gp41. | ARHR |
IN HIV1 group M: 37 IN HIV1 group O: 2 |
| Marechal (2006) | Increasing HIV type 1 polymorphic diversity but no resistance to antiretroviral drugs in untreated patients from Central African Republic: a 2005 study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 96 RT HIV1 group M: 74 |
| Bessong (2006) | Resistance mutational analysis of HIV type 1 subtype C among rural South African drug-naive patients prior to large-scale availability of antiretrovirals. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 40 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Valle-Bahena (2006) | Frequency of protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations in naive HIV-infected patients. | Arch Med Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Ciccozzi (2005) | Molecular diversity of HIV in Albania. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Gittens (2003) | The molecular epidemiology and drug resistance determination of HIV type 1 subtype B infection in Barbados. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Maia Teixeira (2006) | Trends in drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive intravenous drug users of Rio de Janeiro. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Tsuiji (2006) | V118 mutations in the transcriptase gene of HIV-1 from drug-naive hemophiliac patients in Japan. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Ravuri (2006) | Primary drug resistance studies by genotypic analysis in HIV-1 Indian subtype C-infected individuals. | Direct Genbank Submission |
RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Rhee (2006) | Genotypic predictors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance. | PNAS |
PR HIV1 group M: 181 RT HIV1 group M: 220 |
| Albrecht (2000) | Effect of lamivudine in HIV-infected persons with prior exposure to zidovudine/didanosine or zidovudine/zalcitabine. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 64 |
| Katzenstein (2000) | Virologic and CD4+ cell responses to new nucleoside regimens: switching to stavudine or adding lamivudine after prolonged zidovudine treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. ACTG 302 Study Team. AIDS Clinical Trials Group. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Katzenstein (2001) | Virologic and CD4 cell response to zidovudine or zidovudine and lamivudine following didanosine treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 83 |
| Vergne (2006) | Natural polymorphism in protease and reverse transcriptase genes and in vitro antiretroviral drug susceptibilities of non-B HIV-1 strains from treatment-naive patients. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Saad (2006) | Genetic forms of HIV type 1 in the former Soviet Union dominate the epidemic in Azerbaijan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Koizumi (2006) | Emergence of antiretroviral therapy resistance-associated primary mutations among drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in rural western Cameroon. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Barreto (2006) | Trends in antiretroviral drug resistance and clade distributions among HIV-1--infected blood donors in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 341 RT HIV1 group M: 341 |
| Vessiere (2006) | HIV-1 pol gene polymorphism and antiretroviral resistance mutations in drug-naive pregnant women in Yaounde, Cameroon. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 96 RT HIV1 group M: 96 |
| Razafindratsimandresy (2006) | High HIV type 1 subtype diversity and few drug resistance mutations among seropositive people detected during the 2005 second generation HIV surveillance in Madagascar. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Ojesina (2006) | Subtype-specific patterns in HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase and protease in Oyo State, Nigeria: Implications for drug resistance and host response. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 35 |
| Petroni (2006) | Update on primary HIV-1 resistance in Argentina: Emergence of mutations conferring high-level resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in drug-naive patients. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Resch (2005) | Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease genotypes and phenotypes in vivo under selective pressure of the protease inhibitor ritonavir. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Ross (2006) | A rare HIV reverse transcriptase mutation, K65N, confers reduced susceptibility to tenofovir, lamivudine and didanosine. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Doyon (2005) | Selection and characterization of HIV-1 showing reduced susceptibility to the non-peptidic protease inhibitor tipranavir. | Antiviral Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Romano (2000) | Detection of genotypically drug-resistant HIV-1 variants and non-B subtypes in recently infected antiretroviral-naive adults in Italy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 116 RT HIV1 group M: 116 |
| Balotta (2000) | Prevalence of transmitted nucleoside analogue-resistant HIV-1 strains and pre-existing mutations in pol reverse transcriptase and protease region, outcome after treatment in recently infected individuals. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Agwale (2006) | Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in antiretroviral drug-naive Nigerian patients. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Toni (2002) | Primary HIV-1 drug resistance in Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) a genotypic and phenotypic study. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 98 |
| Gallant (2005) | Early virologic non-response to tenofovir, abacavir, and lamivudine in HIV-infected antiretroviral naive subjects. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Gibb (2002) | Evolution of antiretroviral phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected children treated with abacavir/lamivudine, zidovudine/lamivudine or abacavir/zidovudine, with or without nelfinavir (the PENTA 5 trial). | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 157 RT HIV1 group M: 154 |
| Rodrigues (2006) | Low prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance mutations and predominance of HIV-1 clade C at polymerase gene in newly diagnosed individuals from south Brazil. | Virus Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 87 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Brown (2000) | Reduced susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from patients with primary HIV infection to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors is associated with variation at novel amino acid sites. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 110 |
| Simon (2002) | Evolving patterns of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral agents in newly infected individuals. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 152 RT HIV1 group M: 152 |
| Delaunay (2005) | Comparative selection of the K65R and M184V/I mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients enrolled in a trial of first-line triple-nucleoside analog therapy (Tonus IMEA 021). | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 44 |
| Garcia-Bujalance (2005) | Comparison between sequence analysis and a line probe assay for testing genotypic resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to antiretroviral drugs. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Murphy (1999) | Treatment with amprenavir alone or amprenavir with zidovudine and lamivudine in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 347 Study Team. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 46 RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Saad (2005) | HIV type 1 strains common in Europe, Africa, and Asia co-circulate in Yemen. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 19 IN HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Tovanabutra (2005) | Characterization of complete HIV type 1 genomes from non-B subtype infections in U.S. military personnel. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 12 IN HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Bibollet-Ruche (2004) | Complete genome analysis of one of the earliest SIVcpzPtt strains from Gabon (SIVcpzGAB2). | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Nerrienet (2005) | Simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild-caught chimpanzees from Cameroon. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Thomson (2004) | Analysis of near full-length genome sequences of HIV type 1 BF intersubtype recombinant viruses from Brazil reveals their independent origins and their lack of relationship to CRF12_BF. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 RT HIV1 group M: 8 IN HIV1 group M: 8 |
| McCutchan (2004) | HIV type 1 circulating recombinant form CRF09_cpx from west Africa combines subtypes A, F, G, and may share ancestors with CRF02_AG and Z321. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Bodelle (2004) | Identification and genomic sequence of an HIV type 1 group N isolate from Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group N: 1 RT HIV1 group N: 1 IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Rhee (2004) | Distribution of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns in 4,183 persons undergoing genotypic resistance testing. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 469 PR HIV1 group M: 41 RT HIV1 group M: 257 RT HIV1 group M: 39 |
| Yamaguchi (2003) | Near full-length genomes of 15 HIV type 1 group O isolates. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group O: 15 RT HIV1 group O: 15 IN HIV1 group O: 15 |
| Fang (2004) | Long-term survivors in Nairobi: Complete HIV-1 RNA sequences and immunogenetic associations. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Santiago (2002) | SIVcpz in wild chimpanzees. | Science |
RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Takebe (2003) | High prevalence of diverse forms of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in Central Myanmar: Geographical hot spot of extensive recombination. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 9 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Willliamson (2003) | Characterization and selection of HIV-1 subtype C isolates for use in vaccine development. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 28 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Hierholzer (2002) | Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Uruguay, and Argentina. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 IN HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Megede (2002) | Novel evolutionary analyses of full-length HIV type 1 subtype C molecular clones from Cape Town, South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Gao (2001) | Molecular characterization of a highly divergent HIV type 1 isolate obtained early in the AIDS epidemic from the Democratic Republic of Congo. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Kane (2001) | Full-length genome sequencing of HIV type 1 group O viruses isolated from a heterosexual transmission cluster in Senegal. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group O: 3 RT HIV1 group O: 3 IN HIV1 group O: 3 |
| Baldrich-Rubio (2001) | A complex human immunodeficiency virus type 1 A/G/J recombinant virus isolated from a seronegative patient with AIDS from Benin, West Africa. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Papathanasopoulos (2002) | Full-length genome analysis of HIV-1 subtype C utilizing CXCR4 and intersubtype recombinants isolated in South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Hoelscher (2001) | High proportion of unrelated HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in the Mbeya region of southwest Tanzania. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 9 IN HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Wu (2003) | Mutation patterns and structural correlates in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease following different protease inhibitor treatments. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2044 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Tebit (2002) | Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of HIV type 1 primary isolates from western Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| van Harmelen (2001) | Characterization of full-length HIV type 1 subtype C sequences from South Africa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Piyasirisilp (2000) | A recent outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in southern China was initiated by two highly homogeneous, geographically separated strains, circulating recombinant form AE and a novel BC recombinant. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Janssens (2000) | Near full-length genome analysis of HIV type 1 CRF02.AG subtype C and CRF02.AG subtype G recombinants. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Koulinska (2001) | A new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulating recombinant form from Tanzania. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Gonzales (2001) | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease subtypes: Classification, amino acid mutation patterns, and prevalence in a northern California clinic-based population. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 2171 RT HIV1 group M: 2188 |
| Anderson (2000) | Testing the hypothesis of a recombinant origin of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Carr (1999) | Characterization of subtype A HIV-1 from Africa by full genome sequencing. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 IN HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Souquiere (2000) | Characterization of four newly derived HIV-1 Group N and two SIVcpz strains from Cameroon. | J Med Primatol. |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Jonassen (2000) | Intersubtype recombinant HIV type 1 involving HIV-MAL-like and subtype H-like sequence in four Norwegian cases. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Corbet (2000) | Env sequences of SIV from chimpanzees in Cameroon are strongly related to HIV group N from the same geographic area. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Novitsky (1999) | HIV-1 A/J recombinant with a pronounced pol gene mosaicism. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Janssens (1999) | HIV-1 subtype H near-full genome reference strains and analysis of subtype-H-containing inter-subtype recombinants. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Simon (1998) | Identification of a new human immunodeficiency type 1 group distinct from group M and group O. | Nat Med |
PR HIV1 group N: 1 RT HIV1 group N: 1 IN HIV1 group N: 1 |
| Carr (1999) | Direct Genbank submission: HIV-1 isolates from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and from Gabon. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Nasioulas (1999) | Molecular analysis of the full-length genome of HIV type 1 subtype I: evidence of A/G/I recombination. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Gao (1999) | Origin of HIV-1 in the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes. | Nature |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Oelrichs (1999) | Full-length genomic sequence of a subtype G HIV-1 from Kinshasa. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Laukkanen (1999) | Virtually full-length sequences of HIV type 1 subtype J reference strains. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Gao (1998) | An isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 originally classified as subtype I represents a complex mosaic comprising three different group M subtypes. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Oelrichs (1998) | A novel subtype A/G/J recombinant full-length HIV Type 1 genome from Burkina Faso. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Jonassen (1997) | Sequence analysis of HIV-1 group O from Norwegian patients infected in the 1960s. | Virology |
RT HIV1 group O: 1 IN HIV1 group O: 1 |
| Mwaengo (1998) | Molecular cloning and characterization of viruses isolated from chimpanzees with pathogenic HIV-1 infections. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 2 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 2 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 2 |
| Carr (1998) | Full genome sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes G and A/G intersubtype recombinants. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 4 IN HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Lole (1999) | Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 RT HIV1 group M: 5 IN HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Graf (1998) | Cloning and characterization of a virtually full-length HIV-1 genome from a subtype B'-Thai strain representing the most prevalent B-clade isolate in china. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Gao (1996) | Molecular cloning and analysis of functional envelope genes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 sequence subtypes A through G. The WHO and NIAID networks for HIV isolation and characterization. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 IN HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Gurtler (1994) | A new subtype of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (MVP-5180) from Cameroon. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group O: 1 RT HIV1 group O: 1 IN HIV1 group O: 1 |
| Vanden Haesevelde (1994) | Genomic cloning and complete sequence analysis of a highly divergent African human immunodeficiency virus isolate. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group O: 1 RT HIV1 group O: 1 IN HIV1 group O: 1 |
| McIntosh (1991) | Complete genome sequence of a Cambridge isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Huet (1990) | Genetic organization of a chimpanzee lentivirus related to HIV-1. | Nature |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Wong-Staal (1985) | Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. | Nature |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Ishikawa (1988) | Isolation and characterization of HIV-2 from an AIDS patient in Ghana. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Clavel (1986) | Isolation of a new human retrovirus from west African patients with AIDS. | Science |
PR HIV2: 1 RT HIV2: 1 IN HIV2: 1 |
| Salminen (1996) | Full-length sequence of an Ethiopian human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate of genetic subtype C. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Gao (1996) | The heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Thailand is caused by an intersubtype (A/E) recombinant of African origin. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 IN HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Vanden Haesevelde (1996) | Sequence analysis of a highly divergent HIV-1 related lentivirus from a wild captured chimpanzee. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group CPZ: 1 RT HIV1 group CPZ: 1 IN HIV1 group CPZ: 1 |
| Howard (1996) | Genomic structure and nucleotide sequence analysis of a new HIV type 1 subtype A strain from Nigeria. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Carr (1996) | Full-length sequence and mosaic structure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate from Thailand. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 IN HIV1 group M: 1 |
2005
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mitsuya (2006) | N88D facilitates the co-occurrence of D30N and L90M and the development of multidrug resistance in HIV type 1 protease following nelfinavir treatment failure. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Ly (2005) | Characterization of mutations in HIV type 1 isolates from 144 Cambodian recently infected patients and pregnant women naive to antiretroviral drugs. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 136 RT HIV1 group M: 144 |
| K'Aluoch (2005) | Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in a Uganda cohort by use of the gag, nef and pol genes. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Gonzalez Perez (2003) | Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of HIV and HTLV infection in Equatorial Guinea, 1996-1998. | Direct Genbank Submission |
RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Pandrea (2002) | Analysis of partial pol and env sequences indicates a high prevalence of HIV type 1 recombinant strains circulating in Gabon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Petch (2005) | Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of HIV type 1 subtype C isolates from antiretroviral drug-naive adults in Malawi. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Sandstrom (2005) | Sequences from untreated patients circa 1984. | Unpublished |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Rodes (2005) | Treatment response and drug resistance in patients infected with HIV type 1 group O viruses. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 PR HIV1 group O: 9 RT HIV1 group O: 10 |
| Rodes (2006) | Susceptibility to protease inhibitors in HIV-2 primary isolates from patients failing antiretroviral therapy. | J Antimicrob Chemother |
PR HIV2: 6 |
| Paraskevis (2005) | Prevalence of resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Greece. | Virus Res |
RT HIV1 group M: 101 |
| Eshleman (2005) | Nevirapine (NVP) resistance in women with HIV-1 subtype C, compared with subtypes A and D, after the administration of single-dose NVP. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 65 RT HIV1 group M: 65 |
| Yerly (2001) | Nosocomial outbreak of multiple bloodborne viral infections. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 34 RT HIV1 group M: 34 |
| Balakrishnan (2005) | HIV type 1 genotypic variation in an antiretroviral treatment-naive population in southern India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Mo (2005) | Selection of resistance in protease inhibitor-experienced, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects failing lopinavir- and ritonavir-based therapy: mutation patterns and baseline correlates. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 146 RT HIV1 group M: 146 |
| Tee (2005) | Emergence of HIV-1 CRF01_AE/B unique recombinant forms in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Coakley (2005) | Atazanavir resistance in a protease inhibitor-naive patient treated with atazanavir/ritonavir associated with development of high-level atazanavir resistance and the N88S mutation in protease. | CROI 2007 |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Weber (2005) | Diminished replicative fitness of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates harboring the K65R mutation. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Bussmann (2005) | HIV-1 subtype C drug-resistance background among ARV-naive adults in Botswana. | Antivir Chem Chemother |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Podzamczer (2005) | Early virological failure with a combination of tenofovir, didanosine and efavirenz. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Kantor (2005) | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral therapy on protease and reverse transcriptase genotype: Results of a global collaboration. | PLoS Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 1064 RT HIV1 group M: 1610 |
| Eshleman (2005) | Limited evolution in the HIV type 1 pol region among acute seroconverters in Pune, India. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 RT HIV1 group M: 29 |
| Kinomoto (2005) | HIV-1 proteases from drug-naive West African patients are differentially less susceptible to protease inhibitors. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Bessong (2005) | Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a previously unexplored region of South Africa with a high HIV prevalence. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 RT HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Hammer (1997) | A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 320 Study Team. | N Engl J Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 356 RT HIV1 group M: 356 |
| Albrecht (2001) | Nelfinavir, efavirenz, or both after the failure of nucleoside treatment of HIV infection.AIDS Clinical Trials Group 364 Study Team. | N Engl J Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 156 RT HIV1 group M: 159 |
| Grossman (2004) | Mutation D30N is not preferentially selected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C in the development of resistance to nelfinavir. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 99 |
| Kempf (2001) | Identification of genotypic changes in human immunodeficiency virus protease that correlate with reduced susceptibility to the protease inhibitor lopinavir among viral isolates from protease inhibitor-experienced patients. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 177 RT HIV1 group M: 176 |
2004
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Johnston (2003) | High frequency of syncytium-inducing and CXCR4-tropic viruses among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Bouchard (2007) | HIV type 1 drug resistance among naive patients from Venezuela. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Johnston (2005) | Panel of prototypical infectious molecular HIV-1 clones containing multiple nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Winters (2000) | Genotypic, phenotypic, and modeling studies of a deletion in the beta3-beta4 region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase gene that is associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Machado (2004) | Genotypic resistance and HIV-1 subtype in Brazilian children on dual and triple combination therapy. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 74 RT HIV1 group M: 75 |
| Roudinskii (2004) | Diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype A and CRF03_AB protease in eastern Europe: Selection of the V77I variant and its rapid spread in injecting drug user populations. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 |
| de Sa Filho (2003) | Analysis of the protease sequences of HIV-1 infected individuals after indinavir monotherapy. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Clevenbergh (2002) | Long-term virological outcome in patients infected with multi-nucleoside analogue-resistant HIV-1. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Machado (2004) | Overview of genotypic and clinical profiles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | An Acad Bras Cienc |
PR HIV1 group M: 73 RT HIV1 group M: 68 |
| Cinque (2001) | Effect of genotypic resistance on the virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in cerebrospinal fluid. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Holguin (2004) | Impact of frequent natural polymorphisms at the protease gene on the in vitro susceptibility to protease inhibitors in HIV-1 non-B subtypes. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 55 |
| Shang (2007) | Genotypic resistance mutation to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients in the northeast of China. | Direct Genbank Submission |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 54 |
| Friend (2004) | Isolated lopinavir resistance after virological rebound of a ritonavir/lopinavir-based regimen. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Lam (2003) | Amprenavir resistance imparted by the I50V mutation in HIV-1 protease can be suppressed by the N88S mutation. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Murphy (2004) | HIV protease mutations associated with amprenavir resistance during salvage therapy: Importance of I54M. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Kaye (2002) | Observations of HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance in a trial of four reverse transcriptase inhibitors (Quattro Trial). | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Eshleman (2004) | Performance of the Celera Diagnostics ViroSeq HIV-1 genotyping system for sequence-based analysis of diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 124 RT HIV1 group M: 124 |
| Hierholzer (2002) | HIV type 1 strains from east and west Africa are intermixed in Sudan. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 30 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Konings (2004) | V118I substitution in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG strains infecting drug-naive individuals in Cameroon. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Eshleman (2004) | Comparison of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in Ugandan women 7 days vs. 6-8 weeks after single-dose nvp prophylaxis: HIVNET 012. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 141 |
| Delgado (2004) | Genotypic (and phenotypic) predictors of a response to DDI monotherapy in ZDV-experienced patients. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Yates (2006) | In vitro development of resistance to human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor GW640385. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Vergne (2003) | Low rate of genotypic HIV-1 drug-resistant strains in the Senegalese government initiative of access to antiretroviral therapy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 45 RT HIV1 group M: 45 |
| Sevigny (2004) | Cross-resistance profile of the novel lysine-containing HIV-1 protease inhibitor PL-100. | IHDRW 2004 |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Mueller (2004) | Susceptibility to saquinavir and atazanavir in highly protease inhibitor(PI) resistant HIV-1 is caused by lopinavir-induced drug resistance mutation L76V. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Apetrei (2003) | HIV type 1 diversity in northeastern Romania in 2000-2001 based on phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences from patients failing antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 77 RT HIV1 group M: 86 |
| Montes (2004) | Comparison of drug resistance mutations and their interpretation in patients infected with non-B HIV-1 variants and matched patients infected with HIV-1 subtype B. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 153 RT HIV1 group M: 184 |
| Parreira (2004) | Natural polymorphism of HIV-1 subtype G protease and cleavage sites. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Maljkovic (2003) | Limited transmission of drug-resistant HIV type 1 in 100 Swedish newly detected and drug-naive patients infected with subtypes A, B, C, D, G, U, and CRF01_AE. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Perno (2001) | Impact of mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to lamivudine(3TC) on the response to antiretroviral therapy. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 202 RT HIV1 group M: 203 |
| Eshleman (2004) | Characterization of nevirapine resistance mutations in women with subtype A vs. D HIV-1 6-8 weeks after single-dose nevirapine. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 177 RT HIV1 group M: 177 |
| Pieniazek (2004) | HIV-2 protease sequences of subtypes A and B harbor multiple mutations associated with protease inhibitor resistance in HIV-1. | AIDS |
PR HIV2: 27 |
| Vaughan (2003) | Characterization of HIV type 1 clades in the Caribbean using pol gene sequences. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 RT HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Richard (2004) | High prevalence of antiretroviral resistance in treated Ugandans infected with non-subtype B human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 90 |
| Servais (2004) | HIV type 1 pol gene diversity and archived nevirapine resistance mutation in pregnant women in Rwanda. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Tural (2002) | Clinical utility of HIV-1 genotyping and expert advice: the Havana trial. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 141 RT HIV1 group M: 130 |
| Lanier (2004) | Effect of concurrent zidovudine use on the resistance pathway selected by abacavir-containing regimens. | HIV Med |
RT HIV1 group M: 9 |
| Jorgensen (2003) | Prevalence of drug resistance mutations and non-B subtypes in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Denmark. | Scand J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 96 RT HIV1 group M: 97 |
| Konings (2004) | Protease mutations in HIV-1 non-B strains infecting drug-naive villagers of Cameroon. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 129 |
| Chaix (2003) | Stable prevalence of genotypic drug resistance mutations but increase in non-B virus among patients with primary HIV-1 infection in France. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 244 |
| Zhong (2003) | Genetic and biological properties of HIV type 1 isolates prevalent in villagers of the Cameroon equatorial rain forests and grass fields: Further evidence of broad HIV type 1 genetic diversity. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Pires (2004) | Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance mutations and subtypes in drug-naive, infected individuals in the army health service of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 RT HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Kantor (2002) | HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase and protease genotypes in Zimbabwean patients failing antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Weber (2005) | Impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral therapy on protease and reverse transcriptase genotype: Results of a global collaboration. | PLoS Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 155 RT HIV1 group M: 156 |
| Rodrigues (2005) | Prevalence of ARV resistance mutations and impact of genotyping test in HIV patients with advance disease in Sao Paulo, Brazil. | J Clin Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 89 RT HIV1 group M: 86 |
| Colonno (2004) | Identification of I50L as the signature atazanavir (ATV)-resistance mutation in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients receiving ATV-containing regimens. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 61 PR HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Bacheler (2001) | Genotypic correlates of phenotypic resistance to efavirenz in virus isolates from patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 67 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Papa (2002) | HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in Northern Greece. | Virus Res |
RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
2003
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gonzales (2003) | Colinearity of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations detected by population-based sequencing. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Venturi (2002) | Divergent distribution of HIV-1 drug-resistant variants on and off antiretroviral therapy. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 66 RT HIV1 group M: 66 |
| Park (2003) | Genotypic resistance of antiretroviral drugs among drug-naive HIV type 1 patients with the background of long-term access-easy zidovudine therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Monno (2003) | Mutational patterns of paired blood and rectal biopsies in HIV-infected patients on HAART. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 17 |
| Monno (2003) | HIV-1 phenotypic susceptibility to lopinavir(LPV) and genotypic analysis in LPV/r-naive subjects with prior protease inhibitor experience. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Vidal (2002) | Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns in early-stage HIV-1-infected patients failing initial therapy with stavudine, didanosine and nevirapine. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Gao (1994) | Genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2: Evidence for distinct sequence subtypes with differences in virus biology. | J Virol |
RT HIV2: 2 |
| Toni (2003) | Presence of key drug resistance mutations in isolates from untreated patients of Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: ANRS 1257 study. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 RT HIV1 group M: 96 |
| Brindeiro (2003) | Brazilian network for HIV drug resistance surveillance (HIV-BResNet): A survey of chronically infected individuals. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 199 RT HIV1 group M: 191 |
| Hanna (2003) | Drug-selected resistance mutations and non-B subtypes in antiretroviral-naive adults with established human immunodeficiency virus infection. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 88 RT HIV1 group M: 88 |
| Lan (2003) | HIV type 1 isolates from 200 untreated individuals in Ho Chi Minh city(Vietnam): ANRS 1257 study. Large predominance of CRF01_AE and presence of major resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 172 RT HIV1 group M: 175 |
| Bellosillo (2003) | G190A substitution is associated with delavirdine(DLV) hypersusceptibility in vitro and clinical response with DLV intensification. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Brandin (2003) | Pol gene sequence variation in Swedish HIV-2 patients failing antiretroviral therapy. | ARHR |
PR HIV2: 30 RT HIV2: 30 |
| Barditch-Crovo (2001) | Phase I/II trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Huang (2003) | Sequence characterization of the protease and partial reverse transcriptase proteins of the NED panel, an international HIV type 1 subtype reference and standards panel. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 PR HIV1 group O: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group O: 2 |
| Masquelier (2002) | Mechanisms of early virologic failure in antiretroviral-naive patients starting protease inhibitor-containing regimens: The APROVIR study. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Saah (2003) | Treatment with indinavir, efavirenz, and adefovir after failure of nelfinavir therapy. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 43 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Foli (1996) | In vitro selection and molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with reduced sensitivity to 9-{2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl}adenine (PMEA). | Antiviral Res |
RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Wainberg (1999) | In vitro selection and characterization of HIV-1 with reduced susceptibility to PMPA. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Harrigan (1996) | Significance of amino acid variation at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase residue 210 for zidovudine susceptibility. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Srinivas (1998) | Antiviral activities of 9-R-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl adenine (PMPA) and bis(isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl)PMPA against various drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus strains. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Kagan (2005) | Structural analysis of an HIV-1 protease I47A mutant resistant to the protease inhibitor lopinavir. | Protein Sci |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Njouom (2003) | Assessment of HIV-1 subtyping for Cameroom strains using phylogenetic analysis of pol gene sequences. | J Virol Methods |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Masquelier (2001) | Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with insertions or deletions in the reverse transcriptase (RT): multicenter study of patients treated with RT inhibitors. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Prado (2002) | Amprenavir-resistant HIV-1 exhibits lopinavir cross-resistance and reduced replication capacity. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Parkin (2003) | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations that suppress zidovudine resistance also increase in vitro susceptibility to tenofovir, but not stavudine. | IHDRW 2003 |
RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Sevigny (2006) | Antiviral activity and cross-resistance profile of P-1946, a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. | Antiviral Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Winters (2001) | Variants other than aspartic acid at codon 69 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase gene affect susceptibility to nucleoside analogs. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Dauber (2002) | Altered substrate specificity of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Romano (2002) | Broad nucleoside-analogue resistance implications for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse-transcriptase mutations at codons 44 and 118. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Miller (2003) | Characterization of resistance mutation patterns emerging over 2 years during first-line antiretroviral treatment with tenofovir DF or stavudine and efavirenz. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Soares (2003) | A specific subtype C of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 circulates in Brazil. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 97 RT HIV1 group M: 93 |
| Dumans (2002) | Prevalence of protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations over time in drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Durant (1999) | Drug-resistance genotyping in HIV-1 therapy: the VIRADAPT randomised controlled trial. | Lancet |
PR HIV1 group M: 108 RT HIV1 group M: 108 |
| Harrigan (2002) | A mutation in the 3' region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (Y318F) associated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Brindeiro (2002) | Testing genotypic and phenotypic resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade B and other clades from children failing antiretroviral therapy. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 52 RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Johnston (2004) | Association of a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease substrate cleft mutation, L23I, with protease inhibitor therapy and in vitro drug resistance. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Condra (1995) | In vivo emergence of HIV-1 variants resistant to multiple protease inhibitors. | Nature |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Gonzales (2003) | Protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns in HIV-1 isolates from heavily treated persons: Comparison of isolates from northern California with isolates from other regions. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 473 RT HIV1 group M: 447 |
| Baxter (2000) | A randomized study of antiretroviral management based on plasma genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing in patients failing therapy. CPCRA 046 study team for the Terry Beirn community programs for clinical research on AIDS. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 153 RT HIV1 group M: 153 |
| Roge (2003) | K65R with and without S68: A new resistance profile in vivo detected in most patients failing abacavir, didanosine and stavudine. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Maxeiner (2002) | Selection of zidovudine resistance mutations and escape of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from antiretroviral pressure in stavudine-treated pediatric patients. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 30 |
| Rodes (2002) | Rapid assessment of phenotypic resistance to protease inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group O: 5 |
| van der Ende (2000) | Antiviral resistance of biologic HIV-2 clones obtained from individuals on nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy. | JAIDS |
RT HIV2: 6 |
| Op de Coul (2000) | Independent introduction of transmissible F/D recombinant HIV-1 from Africa into Belgium and the Netherlands. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Luk (2001) | Naturally occurring sequence polymorphisms within HIV type 1 group O protease. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group O: 28 |
| Stanojevic (2002) | HIV-1 subtypes in Yugoslavia. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 33 |
| Yang (2000) | Phylogenetic analysis of protease and transmembrane region of HIV type 1 group O. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group O: 20 |
| Lee (2005) | Breast-milk shedding of drug-resistant HIV-1 subtype C in women exposed to single-dose nevirapine. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 47 |
| Parkin (2003) | Natural variation of drug susceptibility in wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Gordon (2003) | Molecular characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C viruses from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for vaccine and antiretroviral control strategies. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 72 RT HIV1 group M: 72 |
| Tscherning-Casper (2000) | Evidence of the existence of a new circulating recombinant form of HIV type 1 subtype A/J in Cameroon. The European network on the study of in utero transmission of HIV-1. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Gonzales (2003) | Extended spectrum of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase mutations in patients receiving multiple nucleoside analog inhibitors. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 1 RT HIV1 group M: 1087 |
| Maguire (2002) | Emergence of resistance to protease inhibitor amprenavir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: Selection of four alternative viral protease genotypes and influence of viral susceptibility to coadministered reverse transcriptase nucleoside inhibitors. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 PR HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Kijak (2001) | Resistance profiles to antiretroviral drugs in HIV-1 drug-naive patients in Argentina. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Huang (2003) | Amino acid substitutions at position 190 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase increase susceptibility to delavirdine and impair virus replication. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Ziermann (2000) | A mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease, N88S, that causes in vitro hypersensitivity to amprenavir. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 PR HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Patick (1998) | Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants isolated from patients treated with the protease inhibitor nelfinavir. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 102 PR HIV1 group M: 6 |
2002
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Holguin (2003) | HIV-positive immigrants in the Canary Islands, Spain: Implications for public health in Europe. | HIV Clin Trials |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 29 |
| Snoeck (2004) | Rising prevalence of HIV-1 non-B subtypes in Belgium: 1983-2001. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 61 RT HIV1 group M: 59 |
| Soares (2003) | Epidemiologic and molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in southern Brazil. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Pillay (2002) | HIV-1 subtype C reverse transcriptase sequences from drug-naive pregnant women in South Africa. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 37 |
| Handema (2002) | Prevalence of drug-resistance-associated mutations in antiretroviral drug-naive Zambians infected with subtype C HIV-1. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 RT HIV1 group M: 28 |
| Duque (2002) | Prevalence of drug resistance and HIV-1 subtypes in antiretroviral inexperienced patients, during the year 2000 in Portugal. | Direct Genbank Submission |
RT HIV1 group M: 104 |
| Holguin (2002) | HIV-1 subtype J recombinant viruses in Spain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Naugler (2002) | T69D/N pol mutation, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels, and syncytium-inducing phenotype are associated with CD4 cell depletion during didanosine therapy. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Eshleman (2001) | Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in children receiving nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine, nelfinavir, or ritonavir (Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group 377). | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 229 RT HIV1 group M: 229 |
| Cho (2002) | Frequency of mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in Korea. | J Clin Microbiol |
RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Eshleman (2001) | Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) subtype on women receiving single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis to prevent hiv-1 vertical transmission (HIV network for prevention trials 012 study). | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 102 RT HIV1 group M: 102 |
| Romano (2002) | Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir in heavily pretreated subjects failing multiple antiretroviral regimens in clinical practice. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 80 RT HIV1 group M: 80 |
| Ariyoshi (2003) | Patterns of point mutations associated with antiretroviral drug treatment failure in CRF01_AE (subtype E) infection differ from subtype B infection. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 RT HIV1 group M: 56 |
| Ait-Khaled (2002) | Mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase during therapy with abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine in HIV-1 infected adults with no prior antiretroviral therapy. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 156 |
| Dunne (2001) | Comparison of genotyping and phenotyping methods for determining susceptibility of HIV-1 to antiretroviral drugs. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 17 |
| Holguin (2002) | High prevalence of HIV-1 subtype G and natural polymorphisms at the protease gene among HIV-infected immigrants in Madrid. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Margot (2002) | Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of HIV-1 in antiretroviral-experienced patients treated with tenofovir DF. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 158 RT HIV1 group M: 158 |
| Qari (2002) | Comparative analysis of two commercial phenotypic assays for drug susceptibility testing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | J Clin Microbiol. |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Kantor (2002) | Evolution of primary protease inhibitor resistance mutations during protease inhibitor salvage therapy. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 114 |
| Vergne (2002) | Resistance to antiretroviral treatment in Gabon: need for implementation of guidelines on antiretroviral therapy use and HIV-1 drug resistance monitoring in developing countries. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 RT HIV1 group M: 32 |
| de Sa Filho (2002) | Mutations associated with drug resistance in a population of drug naive HIV-1 infected individuals. | Direct Genbank Submission |
RT HIV1 group M: 89 |
| Fonjungo (2002) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group m protease in Cameroon: Genetic diversity and protease inhibitor mutational features. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 110 |
| Snoeck (2002) | Prevalence and origin of HIV-1 group M subtypes among patients attending a Belgian hospital in 1999. | Virus Res |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Zachary (2001) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hypersusceptibility to amprenavir in vitro can be associated with virus load response to treatment in vivo. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Weidle (2001) | Resistance to antiretroviral therapy among patients in Uganda. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 31 RT HIV1 group M: 31 |
| Holguin (2001) | Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Non-B subtypes in foreigners living in Madrid, Spain, and comparison of the performances of the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR version 1.0 and the new automated version 1.5. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Servais (2001) | Comparison of DNA sequencing and a line probe assay for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in patients failing highly active antiretroviral therapy. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV1 group M: 39 RT HIV1 group M: 95 |
| Si-Mohamed (2000) | Selection of drug-resistant variants in the female genital tract of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women receiving antiretroviral therapy. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 43 |
| Thomson (2001) | HIV-1 genetic diversity in Galicia Spain: BG intersubtype recombinant viruses circulating among injecting drug users. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 RT HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Rousseau (2000) | Patterns of resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in extensively treated HIV-1-infected patients with failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 RT HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Parkin (2000) | Loss of antiretroviral drug susceptibility at low viral load during early virological failure in treatment-experienced patients. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 50 RT HIV1 group M: 50 |
| Huang (1999) | Complex interactions involving multiple amino acid substitutions alter NNRTI susceptibility. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Gong (2000) | In vitro resistance profile of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor BMS-232632. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 22 |
| Atkinson (2000) | Correlation between human immunodeficiency virus genotypic resistance and virologic response in patients receiving nelfinavir monotherapy or nelfinavir with lamivudine and zidovudine. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 49 |
| Coakley (2000) | Phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of HIV-1 isolates derived from individuals treated with didanosine and stavudine. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 76 |
| Huang (2000) | A novel HIV-1 RT mutation (M230L) confers NNRTI resistance and dose-dependent stimulation of replication. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 3 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Lennerstrand (2001) | Biochemical mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to stavudine. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Miller (2000) | HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) genotype and susceptibility to RT inhibitors during abacavir monotherapy and combination therapy. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 118 |
| Hertogs (2000) | A novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutational pattern confers phenotypic lamivudine resistance in the absence of mutation 184V. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Petropoulos (2000) | A novel phenotypic drug susceptibility assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 PR HIV1 group M: 7 RT HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 25 |
| Becker-Pergola (2000) | Analysis of HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase in antiretroviral drug naive Ugandan adults. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 27 |
| Pellegrin (1999) | Emergence of zidovudine and multidrug-resistance mutations in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene in therapy-naive patients receiving stavudine plus didanosine combination therapy. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 52 |
| Imamichi (2000) | High-level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine due to a deletion in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Fujiwara (1998) | S-1153 inhibits replication of known drug-resistant strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 17 |
| Cabana (1999) | Emergence and genetic evolution of HIV-1 variants with mutations conferring resistance to multiple reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors. | J Med Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 54 RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Larder (1999) | A family of insertion mutations between codons 67 and 70 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confer multinucleoside analog resistance. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Deeks (1999) | Novel four-drug salvage treatment regimens after failure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor-containing regimen: antiviral activity and correlation of baseline phenotypic drug susceptibility with virologic outcome. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Ho (1994) | Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type1 variants with increased resistance to a C2-symmetric protease inhibitor. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Tisdale (1995) | Cross-resistance analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants individually selected for resistance to five different protease inhibitors. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Shulman (2000) | Efavirenz- and adefovir dipivoxil-based salvage therapy in highly treatment-experienced patients: Clinical and genotypic predictors of virologic response. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 84 RT HIV1 group M: 87 |
| Zolopa (1999) | HIV-1 genotypic resistance patterns predict response to saquinavir/ritonavir in patients in whom previous protease inhibitor therapy failed. | Ann Intern Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 58 RT HIV1 group M: 53 |
| Lawrence (1999) | Clinical resistance patterns and responses to two sequential protease inhibitor regimens in saquinavir and reverse transcriptase inhibitor-experienced persons. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 27 RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Partaledis (1995) | In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates with reduced sensitivity to hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide inhibitors of HIV-1 aspartyl protease. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Carrillo (1998) | In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased resistance to ABT-378. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Palmer (1999) | Highly drug-resistant HIV-1 clinical isolates are cross-resistant to many antiretroviral compounds in current clinical development. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Kellam (1992) | Fifth mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to the development of high-level resistance to zidovudine. | PNAS |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Richman (1991) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants resistant to nonnucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase arise in tissue culture. | PNAS |
RT HIV1 group M: 1 |
| Larder (1992) | 3'-Azido-3'-Deoxythymidine resistance suppressed by a mutation conferring human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Young (1995) | L-743,726 (DMP-266): a novel, highly potent nonnucleoside inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Tisdale (1997) | Combination of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase required for resistance to the carbocyclic nucleoside 1592U89. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Winters (1998) | A 6-basepair insert in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 confers resistance to multiple nucleoside inhibitors. | J Clin Invest |
PR HIV1 group M: 9 RT HIV1 group M: 10 RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Tisdale (1993) | Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3'-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. | PNAS |
RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| St Clair (1991) | Resistance to ddI and sensitivity to AZT induced by a mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. | Science |
RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Shirasaka (1995) | Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with resistance to multiple dideoxynucleosides in patients receiving therapy with dideoxynucleosides. | PNAS |
RT HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Ruiz (1996) | Efficacy of triple combination therapy with zidovudine (ZDV) plus zalcitabine (ddC) plus lamivudine (3TC) versus double (ZDV+3TC) combination therapy in patients previously treated with ZDV+ddC. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 41 |
| Patick (1996) | Antiviral and resistance studies of AG1343, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Mellors (1995) | Novel mutations in reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reduce susceptibility to foscarnet in laboratory and clinical isolates. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Larder (1993) | Convergent combination therapy can select viable multidrug-resistant HIV-1 in vitro. | Nature |
RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Lacey (1994) | Novel mutation (V75T) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers resistance to 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'- dideoxythymidine in cell culture. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Kellam (1994) | Zidovudine treatment results in the selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants whose genotypes confer increasing levels of drug resistance. | J Gen Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Jacobsen (1995) | Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with decreased sensitivity to proteinase inhibitor Ro 31-8959. | Virology |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Dueweke (1993) | A mutation in reverse transcriptase of bis(heteroaryl)piperazine- resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that confers increased sensitivity to other nonnucleoside inhibitors. | PNAS |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Byrnes (1993) | Comprehensive mutant enzyme and viral variant assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to nonnucleoside inhibitors. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Mulato (1998) | Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants isolated from AIDS patients after prolonged adefovir dipivoxil therapy. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Winters (1998) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease genotypes and in vitro protease inhibitor susceptibilities of isolates from individuals who were switched to other protease inhibitors after long-term saquinavir treatment. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 17 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Shafer (1994) | Combination therapy with zidovudine and didanosine selects for drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with unique patterns of pol gene mutations. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 58 |
| Molla (1996) | Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir. | Nat Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 94 PR HIV1 group M: 4 |
| Fitzgibbon (1992) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations which cause decreased susceptibility to 2',3'-dideoxycytidine. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 2 RT HIV1 group M: 3 |
| Shafer (1995) | Drug resistance and heterogeneous long-term virologic responses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 - infected subjects to zidovudine and didanosine combination therapy. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Demeter (2000) | Delavirdine susceptibilities and associated reverse transcriptase mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type I isolates from patients in a phase I/II trial of delavirdine monotherapy (ACTG 260). | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Schapiro (1996) | The effect of high-dose saquinavir on viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV-infected patients. | Ann Intern Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 |
2001
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sutthent (2002) | Effect of perinatal short-course zidovudine on the clinical and virological manifestations of HIV-1 subtype E infection in infants. | J Clin Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Piyasujabul (2002) | Effect of perinatal short-course zidovudine on the clinical and virological manifestations of HIV-1 subtype E infection in infants. | J Clin Virol. |
RT HIV1 group M: 11 |
| Fitzgibbon (2001) | Emergence of drug resistance mutations in a group of HIV-infected children taking nelfinavir-containing regimens. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 28 RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Cornelissen (2000) | Spread of distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 AG recombinant lineages in Africa. | J Gen Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Vicente (2001) | Genetic variability of HIV-1 protease from Nigeria and correlation with protease inhibitors drug resistance. | Virus Genes |
PR HIV1 group M: 10 |
| Thomson (2000) | Widespread circulation of a B/F intersubtype recombinant form among HIV-1-infected individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Pandrea (2001) | HIV type 1 genetic diversity and genotypic drug susceptibility in the Republic of Moldova. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 RT HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Nkengasong (2000) | Distribution of HIV-1 subtypes among HIV-seropositive patients in the interior of Cote d'Ivoire. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Masciotra (2000) | Evidence of a high frequency of HIV-1 subtype F infections in a heterosexual population in Buenos Aires, Argentina. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Caumont (2001) | Sequence analysis of env C2/V3, gag p17/p24, and pol protease regions of 25 HIV type 1 isolates from Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 24 RT HIV1 group M: 2 |
| Parkin (2001) | Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of a large database of patient samples reveals distinct patterns of protease inhibitor cross-resistance. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Yahi (2001) | Use of drug resistance sequence data for the systematic detection of non-B human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes: How to create a sentinel site for monitoring the genetic diversity of HIV-1 at a country scale. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 68 RT HIV1 group M: 67 |
| Van Laethem (2000) | Patient HIV strains carrying the multiple nucleoside resistance mutations are cross-resistant to abacavir. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |
| Pasquier (2001) | HIV-1 subtyping using phylogenetic analysis of pol gene sequences. | J Virol Methods |
PR HIV1 group M: 33 RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Servais (2001) | Variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteases and response to combination therapy including a protease inhibitor. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 113 |
| Walter (2000) | Phenotypic HIV-1 resistance correlates with treatment outcome of nelfinavir salvage therapy. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Balotta (2001) | Increasing prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains heterosexuals, as monitored by the analysis of the RT and protease sequences. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 RT HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Weidle (2000) | Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1, group M, non-B subtypes, Bronx, New York: A sentinal site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in the United States. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 6 |
| Koch (2001) | Genetic analysis of HIV type 1 strains in Bujumbura (Burundi): Predominance of subtype C variant. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 18 RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Brun (2001) | Patterns of protease inhibitor cross resistance in viral isolates with reduced susceptibility to lopinavir. | CROI 2001 |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Parkin (2001) | Discordance between genotype-based predictions of protease inhibitor susceptibility and actual phenotype in HIV-1 isolates containing mutations at positions 82 and 90: Modulatory effects of mutations at secondary positions. | ICAAC 2000 |
PR HIV1 group M: 11 |
| de Baar (2000) | Natural residues versus antiretroviral drug-selected mutations in HIV type 1 group O reverse transcriptase and protease related to virological drug failure in vivo. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group O: 5 RT HIV1 group O: 5 |
| Jackson (2000) | Identification of the K103N resistance mutation in Ugandan women receiving nevirapine to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission. | AIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Bacheler (2000) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations selected in patients failing efavirenz combination therapy. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 632 RT HIV1 group M: 632 |
| Quinones-Mateu (1998) | Analysis of pol gene heterogeneity, viral quasispecies, and drug resistance in Individuals infected with Group O strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group O: 6 |
| Holguin (2000) | Protease gene analysis of HIV Type 1 non-B subtypes in Spain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Holguin (2000) | Recombinant human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 circulating in Spain. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 4 RT HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Ramos (1999) | Dual and recombinant infections: an integral part of the HIV-1 epidemic in Brazil. | Emerg Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 32 |
| Tanuri (1999) | Genetic variation and susceptibilities to protease inhibitors among subtype B and F isolates in Brazil. | AAC |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 |
2000
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jorgensen (2000) | Genotypic and phenotypic nevirapine resistance correlates with virological failure during salvage therapy including abacavir and nevirapine. | Antivir Ther |
PR HIV1 group M: 37 RT HIV1 group M: 36 |
| Balotta (2000) | Prevalence of multiple dideoxynucleoside analogue resistance (MddNR) in a multicenter cohort of HIV-1 infected Italian patients with virologic failure. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 132 RT HIV1 group M: 149 |
| Brindeiro (1999) | Sequence diversity of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from untreated Brazilian individuals. | AAC |
RT HIV1 group M: 18 |
| Belec (2000) | High levels of drug resistance human immunodeficiency virus variants in patients exhibiting increasing CD4 + t cell counts despite virologic failure of protease inhibitors containing antiretroviral combination therapy. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 100 |
| Sevin (2000) | Methods for investigating the relationship between drug-susceptibility phenotype and HIV-1 genotype with applications to ACTG 333. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 71 |
| Shulman (2001) | Genotypic correlates of a virologic response to stavudine after zidovudine monotherapy. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 26 |
| Op de Coul (2000) | Genetic evidence of multiple transmissions of HIV type 1 subtype F within Romania from adult blood donors and to children. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 14 RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Rodes (2000) | Emergence of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral therapy. | J Clin Microbiol |
PR HIV2: 4 RT HIV2: 11 |
| Falloon (2000) | Combination therapy with amprenavir, abacavir, and efavirenz in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients failing a protease-inhibitor regimen: pharmacokinetic drug interactions and antiviral activity. | Clin Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 RT HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Venturi (2000) | Antiretroviral resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase and protease from paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 26 RT HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Andersson (1999) | Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in west Africa. | Virology |
RT HIV1 group M: 7 |
| Duque (2003) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant B/G subtypes circulating in Coimbra, Portugal. | Clin Microbiol Infect |
PR HIV1 group M: 29 |
| Milazzo (1999) | Evidence of stavudine-related phenotypic resistance among zidovudine-pretreated HIV-1-infected subjects receiving a therapeutic regimen of stavudine plus lamivudine. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 40 |
| Gatanaga (1999) | Anti-HIV effect of saquinavir combined with ritonavir is limited by previous long-term therapy with protease inhibitors. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Gao (1992) | Human infection by genetically diverse SIVSM-related HIV-2 in west Africa. | Nature |
RT HIV2: 3 |
1999
| Author (yr) | Title | Citation | Isolate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Masquelier (1999) | Zidovudine resensitization and dual HIV-1 resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine in the Delta lamivudine roll-over study. | Antivir Ther |
RT HIV1 group M: 48 |
| Flores (1999) | HIV-1 subtype F in single and dual infections in Puerto Rico: A potential sentinel site for monitoring novel genetic HIV variants in north America. | Emerg Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Venturi (1999) | Genotypic resistance to zidovudine as a predictor of failure of subsequent therapy with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. | Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 78 |
| Orlandi (1998) | Analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene mutations in infected children treated with zidovudine. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 51 |
| Craig (1998) | HIV protease genotype and viral sensitivity to HIV protease inhibitors following saquinavir therapy. | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 38 |
| Ruiz (1998) | Efficacy of adding indinavir to previous reverse transcriptase nucleoside analogues in relation to genotypic and phenotypic resistance development in advanced HIV-1-infected patients. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 19 |
| Heredia (1997) | Genetic analysis of an HIV type 2 subtype B virus from a Spanish individual with AIDS. | ARHR |
RT HIV2: 1 |
| Heredia (1997) | Evidence of HIV-2 infection in Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa): Partial genetic analysis of a B subtype virus. | ARHR |
RT HIV2: 1 |
| Albert (1994) | Analysis of a rape case by direct sequencing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol and gag genes. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 23 |
| Lin (1994) | Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients on prolonged stavudine therapy. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 24 |
| Markowitz (1998) | A preliminary evaluation of nelfinavir mesylate, an inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease, to treat HIV infection. | J Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Shafer (1999) | Sequence and drug susceptibility of HIV-1 type C protease from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters in Zimbabwe. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Shafer (1998) | Multiple concurrent reverse transcriptase and protease mutations and multidrug resistance of HIV-1 isolates from heavily treated patients. | Ann Intern Med |
PR HIV1 group M: 16 RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Apetrei (1998) | Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype F reverse transcriptase sequence and drug susceptibility. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 14 |
| Descamps (1997) | Susceptibility of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O isolates to antiretroviral agents: In vitro phenotypic and genotypic analyses. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group O: 10 RT HIV1 group O: 10 |
| Zhang (1997) | Drug resistance during indinavir therapy is caused by mutations in the protease gene and in its gag substrate cleavage sites. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 60 |
| Pieniazek (1998) | Evidence for the introduction of multiple HIV-1 subtypes in Lebanon. | Emerg Infect Dis |
PR HIV1 group M: 25 PR HIV2: 1 |
| Nijhuis (1997) | Lamivudine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants (184V) require multiple amino acid changes to become co-resistant to zidovudine in vivo. | J Infect Dis |
RT HIV1 group M: 16 |
| Ellenberger (1999) | Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus in Abidjan, Ivory Coast reveals predominance of HIV type 1 subtype A and introduction of subtype G. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 20 |
| Vallejo (1998) | Tropism, co-receptor use, and genetic characterization of the V3 loop and the protease gene of HIV-1 group O isolates. | JAIDS |
PR HIV1 group O: 3 |
| Quinones-Mateu (1995) | Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from Venezuela. | ARHR |
RT HIV1 group M: 8 |
| Cornelissen (1997) | Pol diversity of five HIV-1 subtypes: Evidence for naturally occurring mutations that contribute to drug resistance, limited recombination patterns, and common ancestry for subtypes B and D. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 42 RT HIV1 group M: 42 |
| Shafer (1997) | Sequence and drug susceptibility of subtype C reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroconverters in Zimbabwe. | J Virol |
RT HIV1 group M: 12 |
| Schmit (1996) | Resistance-related mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene of patients treated for 1 year with the protease inhibitors ritonavir (ABT-538). | AIDS |
PR HIV1 group M: 15 |
| Condra (1996) | Genetic correlates of in vivo viral resistance to indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor. | J Virol |
PR HIV1 group M: 57 |
| Yamaguchi (1995) | Clinical isolates of HIV-1 contain few pre-existing proteinase inhibitor resistance-conferring mutations. | Biochim Biophys Acta |
PR HIV1 group M: 21 |
| Winslow (1995) | Limited sequence diversity of the HIV type 1 protease gene from clinical isolates and in vitro susceptibility to HIV protease inhibitors. | ARHR |
PR HIV1 group M: 13 |
| Soto-Ramirez (1996) | HIV-1 pol sequences from India fit distinct subtype pattern. | JAIDS |
RT HIV1 group M: 5 |