New SubmissionsDecember 15, 2009
Genotypes from North India Arora SK, Gupta S, Toor JS, Singla A. Drug resistance-associated genotypic alterations in the pol gene of HIV type 1 isolates in ART-naive individuals in North India. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Feb;24(2):125-30.
Treatment-naive Genotypes from Angola Bartolo I, Rocha C, Bartolomeu J, Gama A, Fonseca M, Mendes A, Cristina F, Thamm S, Epalanga M, Silva PC, Taveira N. Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in Angola: evidence for low level of transmitted drug resistance. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009 Jul;53(7):3156-8. Epub 2009 May 11.
Genotypes from Mozambique Bartolo I, Casanovas J, Bastos R, Rocha C, Abecasis AB, Folgosa E, Mondlane J, Manuel R, Taveira N. HIV-1 genetic diversity and transmitted drug resistance in health care settings in Maputo, Mozambique. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009 Jul 1;51(3):323-31.
Genotypes from Mozambique - DREAM programme (sequences now available) Bellocchi MC, Forbici F, Palombi L, Gori C, Coelho E, Svicher V, D'Arrigo R, Emberti-Gialloreti L, Ceffa S, Erba F, Marazzi MC, Silberstein FC, Perno CF. Subtype analysis and mutations to antiviral drugs in HIV-1-infected patients from Mozambique before initiation of antiretroviral therapy: results from the DREAM programme. Journal of Medical Virology, 2005 Aug;76(4):452-8.
Non-B US Genotypes Brennan CA, Stramer SL, Holzmayer V, Yamaguchi J, Foster GA, Notari Iv EP, Schochetman G, Devare SG. Identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-B subtypes and antiretroviral drug-resistant strains in United States blood donors. Transfusion, 2009 Jan;49(1):125-33.
Transmission after acute/early HIV infection (sequences now available) Brenner BG, Roger M, Routy JP, Moisi D, Ntemgwa M, Matte C, Baril JG, Thomas R, Rouleau D, Bruneau J, Leblanc R, Legault M, Tremblay C, Charest H, Wainberg MA. High rates of forward transmission events after acute/early HIV-1 infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007 Apr 1;195(7):951-9.
Genotypes from Central West Brazil Cardoso LP, Queiroz BB, de Araujo Stefani MM. HIV-1 pol phylogenetic diversity and antiretroviral resistance mutations in treatment naive patients from Central West Brazil. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2009 Aug 12 (Epub).
Genotypes from Treatment-naive Venezuela patients Castillo J, Comegna M, Quijada W, Jauvin V, Pinson P, Masquelier B, Fleury H, Castro E. Surveillance of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance among Naive Patients from Venezuela. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Dec 2. [Epub ahead of print].
Trends of DRM in naive Taiwan patients Chang SY, Chen MY, Lee CN, Sun HY, Ko W, Chang SF, Chang KL, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Liu WC, Wu CH, Kao CL, Hung CC, Chang SC. Trends of antiretroviral drug resistance in treatment-naive patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in Taiwan. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008 Mar;61(3):689-93.
NVP resistance in Uganda infants after SD NVP Church JD, Omer SB, Guay LA, Huang W, Lidstrom J, Musoke P, Mmiro F, Jackson JB, Eshleman SH. Analysis of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in Ugandan infants who were HIV infected despite receiving single-Dose (SD) NVP versus SD NVP plus daily NVP up to 6 weeks of age to prevent HIV vertical transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2008 Oct 1;198(7):1075-8.
Genotypes from Basque Country (Spain) Cuevas MT, Munoz-Nieto M, Thomson MM, Delgado E, Iribarren JA, Cilla G, Fernandez-Garcia A, Santamaria JM, Lezaun MJ, Jimenez L, Lopez-Soria LM, Sota M, Contreras G, Najera R, Perez-Alvarez L. HIV-1 transmission cluster with T215D revertant mutation among newly diagnosed patients from the Basque Country, Spain. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009 May 1;51(1):99-103.
Genotypes from Zimbabwe Dalai SC, de Oliveira T, Harkins GW, Kassaye SG, Lint J, Manasa J, Johnston E, Katzenstein D. Evolution and molecular epidemiology of subtype C HIV-1 in Zimbabwe. AIDS, 2009 Sep 16.
Genotypes from Argentina (Buenos Aires) Dilernia DA, Gomez AM, Lourtau L, Marone R, Losso MH, Salomon H, Gomez-Carrillo M. Drug-resistance surveillance among newly HIV-1 diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina. AIDS, 2007 Oct;23(10):1201-7.
Genotypes from Brazil patients with virological failure Dumans AT, Barreto CC, Santos AF, Arruda M, Sousa TM, Machado ES, Sabino EC, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Duarte AJ, Soares MA. Distinct resistance mutation and polymorphism acquisition in HIV-1 protease of subtypes B and F1 from children and adult patients under virological failure. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2009 Jan;9(1):62-70.
Genotypes with DRM from naive patients in Mexico (sequences now available) Escoto-Delgadillo M, Vazquez-Valls E, Ramirez-Rodriguez M, Corona-Nakamura A, Amaya-Tapia G, Quintero-Perez N, Panduro-Cerda A, Torres-Mendoza BM. Drug-resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients with established HIV-1 infection in Mexico. HIV Medicine, 2005 Nov;6(6):403-9.
Genotypes from Curitiba, Brazil Ferreira JL, Thomaz M, Rodrigues R, Harrad D, Oliveira CM, Oliveira CA, Batista JP, Ito TS, Brigido LF. Molecular characterisation of newly identified HIV-1 infections in Curitiba, Brazil: preponderance of clade C among males with recent infections. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2008 Dec;103(8):800-8.
Integrase Mutations at 143, 148, 155 and Raltegravir Fransen S, Gupta S, Frantzell A, Petropoulos C, Huang W. HIV-1 Mutations at Positions 143, 148, and 155 of Integrase Define Different Genetic Barriers to Raltegravir Resistance in vivo. 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, 2009.
DRM in naive patients in Uganda and Rwanda Galluzzo CM, Germinario EA, Bassani L, Mancini MG, Okong P, Vyankandondera J, Vella S, Giuliano M. Antiretroviral resistance mutations in untreated pregnant women with HIV infection in Uganda and Rwanda. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2007 Nov;23(11):1449-51.
DRM in naive patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil Gonsalez CR, Alcalde R, Nishiya A, Barreto CC, Silva FE, de Almeida A, Mendonca M, Ferreira F, Fernandes SS, Casseb J, Duarte AJ. Drug resistance among chronic HIV-1-infected patients naive for use of anti-retroviral therapy in Sao Paulo city. Virus Research, 2007 Nov;129(2):87-90.
DRM in naive patients in Israel (sequences now available) Grossman Z, Lorber M, Maayan S, Bar-Yacov N, Levy I, Averbuch D, Istomin V, Chowers M, Sthoeger Z, Ram D, Rudich H, Mileguir F, Pavel R, Almaliach R, Schlaeffer F, Kra-Oz Z, Mendelson E, Schapiro JM, Riesenberg K. Drug-resistant HIV infection among drug-naive patients in Israel. Clinical Infectious Disease, 2005 Jan 15;40(2):294-302.
Genotypes from the Canary Islands, Spain Holguin A, Pena MJ, Troncoso F, Soriano V. Introduction of non-B subtypes among Spaniards newly diagnosed with HIV type 1 in the Canary Islands. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2007 Apr;23(4):498-502.
1st line treatment failure in Malawi Hosseinipour MC, van Oosterhout JJ, Weigel R, Phiri S, Kamwendo D, Parkin N, Fiscus SA, Nelson JA, Eron JJ, Kumwenda J. The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. AIDS, 2009 Jun 1;23(9):1127-34.
Genotypes from Cape Town, South Africa Jacobs GB, Laten A, van Rensburg EJ, Bodem J, Weissbrich B, Rethwilm A, Preiser W, Engelbrecht S. Phylogenetic diversity and low level antiretroviral resistance mutations in HIV type 1 treatment-naive patients from Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Jul;24(7):1009-12.
Genotypes from Canada: recent vs. established HIV infection Jayaraman GC, Archibald CP, Kim J, Rekart ML, Singh AE, Harmen S, Wood M, Sandstrom P. A population-based approach to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug-resistant HIV among recent versus established HIV infections: results from the Canadian HIV strain and drug resistance surveillance program. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2006 May;42(1):86-90.
Genotypes from naive South India patients Kandathil AJ, Kannangai R, Abraham OC, Rupali P, Pulimood SA, Verghese VP, Grant P, Pillay D, Sridharan G. The frequency of HIV-I drug resistance mutations among treatment-naive individuals at a tertiary care centre in south India. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 2009 Aug;20(8):522-6.
Genotypes from Singapore with acute and recent HIV infection Lee CC, Sun YJ, Barkham T, Leo YS. Primary drug resistance and transmission analysis of HIV-1 in acute and recent drug-naive seroconverters in Singapore. HIV Medicine 2009 Jul;10(6):370-7.
DRM Genotypes from naive Greenland patients Madsen TV, Lohse N, Jensen ES, Obel N, Ladefoged K, Gerstoft J, Petersen AB, Nielsen C, Jorgensen LB. High prevalence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in treatment-naive patients in Greenland. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Aug;24(8):1073-7.
Genotypes from southern Spain McConnell MJ, Docobo-Perez F, Mata RC, Fernandez-Cuenca F, Viciana P, Lopez-Cortes LF, Trastoy M, Pachon J, Perez-Romero P. Molecular epidemiology of HIV type 1 in newly diagnosed patients in southern Spain. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Jun;24(6):881-7.
Genotypes from northeast Gabon Mintsa-Ndong A, Caron M, Plantier JC, Makuwa M, Le Hello S, Courgnaud V, Roques P, Kazanji M. High HIV Type 1 prevalence and wide genetic diversity with dominance of recombinant strains but low level of antiretroviral drug-resistance mutations in untreated patients in northeast Gabon, Central Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, Apr;25(4):411-8.
Genotypes from Hanoi, vietnam Nguyen HT, Duc NB, Shrivastava R, Tran TH, Nguyen TA, Thang PH, McNicholl JM, Leelawiwat W, Chonwattana W, Sidibe K, Fujita M, Luu CM, Kakkar R, Bennett DE, Kaplan J, Cosimi L, Wolfe MI. HIV drug resistance threshold survey using specimens from voluntary counselling and testing sites in Hanoi, Vietnam. Antiviral Therapy, 2008;13 Suppl 2:115-21.
Treatment failure after Lopinavir/Ritonavir first-line treatment Nijhuis M, Wensing AM, Bierman WF, de Jong D, Kagan R, Fun A, Jaspers CA, Schurink KA, van Agtmael MA, Boucher CA. Failure of treatment with first-line lopinavir boosted with ritonavir can be explained by novel resistance pathways with protease mutation 76V. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009 Sep 1;200(5):698-709.
Genotypes from Malaga, Spain Palacios R, Viciana I, Perez de Pedro I, de la Torre J, Ropero F, Fernandez S, Salgado F, Roldan J, de Dios Colmenero J, Marquez M, Santos J. Prevalence of primary resistance mutations in patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection in the province of Malaga (Spain). Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 2008 Mar;26(3):141-5.
Zidovudine and Tenofovir resistance Park SS, Hong SK, Lee SG, Yoon JS, Yoo WC, Paik SY. In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to Zidovudine and tenofovir. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 2007;26(5):453-7.
Genotypes from Gauteng, South Africa Pillay V, Ledwaba J, Hunt G, Rakgotho M, Singh B, Makubalo L, Bennett DE, Puren A, Morris L. Antiretroviral drug resistance surveillance among drug-naive HIV-1-infected individuals in Gauteng Province, South Africa in 2002 and 2004. Antiviral Therapy, 2008;13 Suppl 2:101-7.
Genotypes from Bulgaria Salemi M, Goodenow MM, Montieri S, de Oliveira T, Santoro MM, Beshkov D, Alexiev I, Elenkov I, Elenkov I, Yakimova T, Varleva T, Rezza G, Ciccozzi M. The HIV type 1 epidemic in Bulgaria involves multiple subtypes and is sustained by continuous viral inflow from West and East European countries. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Jun;24(6):771-9.
Genotypes from Gran Canaria, Spain Sanchez Onoro M, Lopez MJ, Santana MA, Andes JM, Campelo FA. Primary antiretroviral drug resistance among patients diagnosed with HIV infection in Gran Canaria (Spain) between 2002 and 2005. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 2007 Aug-Sep;25(7):437-40.
Genotypes from Thailand Sirivichayakul S, Phanuphak P, Pankam T, O-Charoen R, Sutherland D, Ruxrungtham K. HIV drug resistance transmission threshold survey in Bangkok, Thailand. Antiviral Therapy, 2008;13 Suppl 2:109-13.
Genotyping naive patients with unknown infection period (sequences now available) Smith D, Moini N, Pesano R, Cachay E, Aiem H, Lie Y, Richman D, Little S. Clinical utility of HIV standard genotyping among antiretroviral-naive individuals with unknown duration of infection. Clinical Infectious Disease, 2007 Feb 1;44(3):456-8.
HIV Surveillance in San Diego, US Smith DM, May SJ, Tweeten S, Drumright L, Pacold ME, Kosakovsky Pond SL, Pesano RL, Lie YS, Richman DD, Frost SD, Woelk CH, Little SJ. A public health model for the molecular surveillance of HIV transmission in San Diego, California. AIDS 2009 Jan 14;23(2):225-32.
DRM in treated patients from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Tebit DM, Sangare L, Makamste A, Yameogo S, Somlare H, Bado G, Kouldiaty BG, Sathiandee K, Tiba F, Sanou I, Ouedraogo-Traore R, Zoungrana L, Diallo I, Drabo JY, Krausslich HG. HIV Drug Resistance Pattern Among HAART-Exposed Patients With Suboptimal Virological Response in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2008 Sep 1;49(1):17-25.
RT M184V and K103N minority variants Toni TA, Asahchop EL, Moisi D, Ntemgwa M, Oliveira M, Masquelier B, Brenner BG, Wainberg MA. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 M184V and K103N minority variants in patients with primary HIV infection. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009 Apr;53(4):1670-2.
Combined Genotypic-Phenotypic recombinant virus assay Van Baelen K, Rondelez E, Van Eygen V, Arien K, Clynhens M, Van den Zegel P, Winters B, Stuyver LJ. A combined genotypic and phenotypic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant virus assay for the reverse transcriptase and integrase genes. Journal of Virological Methods 2009 Nov;161(2):231-9. Epub 2009 Jun 25.
Genotypes from naive Rio de Janeiro, Brazil patients Varella RB, Ferreira SB, de Castro MB, Zalis MG, Tavares MD. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns among treatment-naive patients in different stages of infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Journal of Medical Virology, 2007 Aug;79(8):1033-9.
SPREAD Programme in Europe Vercauteren J, Wensing AM, van de Vijver DA, Albert J, Balotta C, Hamouda O, Kucherer C, Struck D, Schmit JC, Asjo B, Bruckova M, Camacho RJ, Clotet B, Coughlan S, Grossman Z, Horban A, Korn K, Kostrikis L, Nielsen C, Paraskevis D, Poljak M, Puchhammer-Stockl E, Riva C, Ruiz L, Salminen M, Schuurman R, Sonnerborg A, Stanekova D, Stanojevic M, Vandamme AM, Boucher CA. Transmission of Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Is Stabilizing in Europe. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009 Nov 15;200(10):1503-8.
Genotypes from naive Togo patients Yaotse DA, Nicole V, Roch NF, Mireille PD, Eric D, Martine P. Genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains in Togo reveals a high genetic complexity and genotypic drug-resistance mutations in ARV naive patients. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2009 Jul;9(4):646-52.
Recombinant From_BC Genotypes from patients in Guangdong, China Yu G, Li Y, Li J, Diao L, Yan X, Lin P, He Q, Wang Y, Fu X, Yang F, Long Q, Lin P. Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV Type 1 Circulating Recombinant Form_BC among Drug Users in Guangdong Province. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Sep;25(9):869-75. July 8, 2009
Predictive Value of Resistance Test Interpretation Algorithms Rhee SY, Fessel WJ, Liu TF, Marlowe NM, Rowland CM, Rode RA, Vandamme AM, Van Laethem K, Brun-Vezinet F, Calvez V, Taylor J, Hurley L, Horberg M, Shafer RW. Predictive Value of HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Test Interpretation Algorithms. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2009 Aug 1;200(3):453-463.
Genotypes from treatment-naive Thai patients Auwanit W, Isarangkura-Na-Ayuthaya P, Kasornpikul D, Ikuta K, Sawanpanyalert P, Kameoka M. Detection of drug resistance-associated and background mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE protease and reverse transcriptase derived from drug treatment-naive patients residing in central Thailand. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Jun;25(6):625-31.
Genotypes from treatment-naive Estonian patients Avi R, Huik K, Sadam M, Karki T, Krispin T, Ainsalu K, Paap P, Schmidt J, Nikitina N, Lutsar I. Absence of genotypic drug resistance and presence of several naturally occurring polymorphisms of human immunodeficiency virus-1 CRF06_cpx in treatment-naive patients in Estonia. Journal of Medical Virology, 2009 Jun;81(6):953-8.
Integrase gene evolution in patients failing raltegravir treatment Canducci F, Sampaolo M, Marinozzi MC, Boeri E, Spagnuolo V, Galli A, Castagna A, Lazzarin A, Clementi M, Gianotti N. Dynamic patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase gene evolution in patients failing raltegravir-based salvage therapies. AIDS, 2009 Feb 20;23(4):455-60.
Drug susceptibility in recently infected treatment-naive Ugandan patients Eshleman SH, Laeyendecker O, Parkin N, Huang W, Chappey C, Paquet AC, Serwadda D, Reynolds SJ, Kiwanuka N, Quinn TC, Gray R, Wawer M. Antiretroviral drug susceptibility among drug-naive adults with recent HIV infection in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS, 2009 Apr 27;27(7):845-52.
Integrase genotype analysis using a prototype genotyping assay Eshleman SH, Hudelson SE, Smith P, Hackett J, Holzmayer V, Swanson P, Devare SG, Marlowe N. Analysis of pol integrase sequences in diverse HIV type 1 strains using a prototype genotyping assay. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Mar;25(3):343-5.
11-year HIV surveillance in Nagoya, Japan Fujisaki S, Ibe S, Hattori J, Shigemi U, Fujisaki S, Shimizu K, Nakamura K, Yokomaku Y, Mamiya N, Utsumi M, Hamaguchi M, Kaneda T. An 11-Year Surveillance of HIV Type 1 Subtypes in Nagoya, Japan. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Jan;25(1):15-21.
Resistance mutations in patients failing Raltegravir treatment Garrido C, Anta L, Zahonero N, Sanchez-Hellin V, Imaz A, Garcia S, Cervero M, Gaspar J, Sarria C, Chocarro J, Barros C, Soriano V, de Mendoza C. Dynamics in the selection of resistance mutations in HIV patients failing Raltegravir and following its discountinuation. 7th European HIV Drug Resistance Workshop. 25-27 March 2009, Stockholm, Sweden, Abstract 44.
Near full-length genotypes from treatment-naive Japanese patients Ibe S, Shigemi U, Sawaki K, Fujisaki S, Hattori J, Yokomaku Y, Mamiya N, Hamaguchi M, Kaneda T. Analysis of near full-length genomic sequences of drug-resistant HIV-1 spreading among therapy-naive individuals in Nagoya, Japan: amino acid mutations associated with viral replication activity. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Aug;24(8):1121-5.
Genotypes from treatment-naive Vietnamese patients Ishizaki A, Cuong NH, Thuc PV, Trung NV, Saijoh K, Kageyama S, Ishigaki K, Tanuma J, Oka S, Ichimura H. Profile of HIV type 1 infection and genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV type 1-infected individuals in Hai Phong, Viet Nam. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Feb;25(2):175-82.
Preclinical evaluation of GS-9160 (new Integrase inhibitor) Jones GS, Yu F, Zeynalzadegan A, Hesselgesser J, Chen X, Chen J, Jin H, Kim CU, Wright M, Geleziunas R, Tsiang M. Preclinical evaluation of GS-9160, a novel inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009 Mar;53(3):1194-203.
Envelope coreceptor tropism in ARV-treated subtype C patients Kassaye S, Johnston E, McColgan B, Kantor R, Zijenah L, Katzenstein D. Envelope coreceptor tropism, drug resistance, and viral evolution among subtype C HIV-1-infected individuals receiving nonsuppressive antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009 Jan 1;50(1):9-18.
Drug resistance in treated Chad patients Koyalta D, Charpentier C, Beassamda J, Rey E, Si-Mohamed A, Djemadji-Oudjeil N, Belec L. High frequency of antiretroviral drug resistance among HIV-infected adults receiving first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in N'Djamena, Chad. Clinical Infectious Disease, 2009 Jul 1;49(1):155-9.
RT Mutation Q151L resistance to GS-9148, Tenofovir and Zidovudine Kulkarni R, Margot NA, Myrick F, Svarovskaia J, Chen J, Lansdon E, Ray AS, Cihlar T, Swaminathan S, Miller MD, White KL. The HIV-1 RT Mutant Q151L Shows Decreased Replication Capacity, Selective High-Level Resistance to GS-9148 and Hypersusceptibility to Tenofovir and Zidovudine. 18th International HIV Drug Resisance Workshop, June 9-13 2009, Fort Meyers, Florida.
Genotypes from Chinese patients in rural Hubei province Luo M, Liu H, Zhuang K, Liu L, Su B, Yang R, Tien P, Zhang L, Gui X, Chen Z. Prevalence of drug-resistant HIV-1 in rural areas of Hubei province in the People's Republic of China. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009 Jan 1;50(1):1-8.
TMC278, a next-generation NNRTI Rimsky LT, Azijn H, Tirry I, Vingerhoets J, Mersch R, Kraus G, de Bethune M-P, Picchio G. In-vitro resistance profile of TMC278, a next-generation NNRTI: evidence of a higher genetic barrier and a more robust resistance profile than first-generation NNRTIs. 18th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop 2009, June 9-13 2009, Fort Meyers, Florida.
Evolution of raltegravir resistance during therapy Sichtig N, Sierra S, Kaiser R, Daumer M, Reuter S, Schulter E, Altmann A, Fatkenheuer G, Dittmer U, Pfister H, Esser S. Evolution of raltegravir resistance during therapy. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2009 Jul;64(1):25-32.
Predominance of Subtype A genotypes from Russian patients from St Petersburg Thomson MM, Vinogradova A, Delgado E, Rakhmanova A, Yakovlev A, Cuevas MT, Munoz M, Pinilla M, Vega Y, Perez-Alvarez L, Osmanov S, Najera R. Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in St Petersburg, Russia: Predominance of Subtype A, Former Soviet Union Variant, and Identification of Intrasubtype Subclusters. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2009 Apr 8.
HIV subtype and drug-resistance surveillance in Yunnan, China Tu Y, Zheng Y, Jiang Y. Surveillance for human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtypes and drug resistance among volunteer blood donors in Yunnan, China.
Integrase polymorphisms and prior antiretroviral drug exposure van Hal SJ, Herring B, Deris Z, Wang B, Saksena NK, Dwyer DE. HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms are associated with prior antiretroviral drug exposure. Retrovirology, 2009 Feb 9;6:12.
Genotypes from Cameroon patients Yamaguchi J, Ndembi N, Ngansop C, Mbanya D, Kaptue L, Gurtler LG, Devare SG, Brennan CA HIV type 1 group M subtype G in Cameroon: five genome sequences. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Apr;25(4):469-73. March 18, 2009
Drug Resistant Mutations After WHO-Recommended Treatment Gody JC, Charpentier C, Mbitikon O, Si-Mohamed A, LeGoff J, Gresenguet G, Belec L. High Prevalence of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Non-B Subtype Strains From African Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen According to the 2006 Revised WHO Recommendations Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2008 Dec 15;49(5):566-9.
Genotypes from ARV-Experienced Thai Patients Nukoolkarn S, Pongthapisith V, Panyim S, Leelamanit W. Sequence variability of the HIV type 1 protease gene in Thai patients experienced with antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2004 Dec;20(12):1368-72.
Genotypes from South African Patients Failing ARV Treatment Pillay V, Pillay C, Kantor R, Venter F, Levin L, Morris L. HIV type 1 subtype C drug resistance among pediatric and adult South African patients failing antiretroviral therapy AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Nov;24(11):1449-54
Etravirine Phenotypes from Patients Failing NNRTI Treatment Poveda E, de Mendoza C, Pattery B, Gonzalez Mdel M, Villacian J, Soriano V Phenotypic impact of resistance mutations on etravirine susceptibility in HIV patients with prior failure to nonnucleoside analogues AIDS, 2008 Nov 12;22(17):2395-8
Genotypes from Cameroon Brennan CA, Bodelle P, Coffey R, Devare SG, Golden A, Hackett J Jr, Harris B, Holzmayer V, Luk KC, Schochetman G, Swanson P, Yamaguchi J, Vallari A, Ndembi N, Ngansop C, Makamche F, Mbanya D, Gurtler LG, Zekeng L, Kaptue L. The Prevalence of Diverse HIV-1 Strains Was Stable in Cameroonian Blood Donors From 1996 to 2004 Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2008 Dec 1;49(4):432-9
Raltegravir susceptibility Buzon MJ, Marfil S, Puertas MC, Garcia E, Clotet B, Ruiz L, Blanco J, Martinez-Picado J, Cabrera C. Raltegravir susceptibility and fitness progression of HIV type-1 integrase in patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy Antiviral Therapy, 2008;13(7):881-93
Genotypes from Cyprus Kousiappa I, van de Vijver DA, Demetriades I, Kostrikis LG. Genetic analysis of HIV type 1 strains from newly infected untreated patients in Cyprus: high genetic diversity and low prevalence of drug resistance AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Jan;25(1):23-35
Genotypes from Tanzania Nyombi BM, Kristiansen KI, Bjune G, Muller F, Holm-Hansen C. Diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes in Kagera and Kilimanjaro regions, Tanzania AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Jun;24(6):761-9
Genotypes from Iran Soheilli ZS, Ataiee Z, Tootian S, Zadsar M, Amini S, Abadi K, Jauvin V, Pinson P, Fleury HJ, Samiei S. Presence of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Iran AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2009 Jan;25(1):123-4 December 3, 2008
Genotypes from Gabon
Caron M, Makuwa M, Souquiere S, Descamps D, Brun-Vezinet F, Kazanji M. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroprevalence and antiretroviral drug resistance-associated mutations in miners in Gabon, central Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Sep;24(9):1225-8.
Genotypes from Burkina Faso
Tebit DM, Ganame J, Sathiandee K, Nagabila Y, Coulibaly B, Krausslich HG. Diversity of HIV in rural Burkina Faso. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2006 Oct 1;43(2):144-52.
Update of Etravirine DRMs from DUET-1 and DUET-2
Vingerhoets J, Peeters M, Azijn H, Tambuyzer L, Hoogstoel A, Nijs S, de Bethune MP, Picchio G. An update of the list of NNRTI mutations associated with decreased virologic response to etravirine (ETR): multivariate analyses on the pooled DUET-1 and DUET-2 clinical trial data. 17th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop 2008
Comparison of different regimen types in treating ARV-naive patients
von Wyl V, Yerly S, Boni J, Burgisser P, Klimkait T, Battegay M, Furrer H, Telenti A, Hirschel B, Vernazza PL, Bernasconi E, Rickenbach M, Perrin L, Ledergerber B, Gunthard HF. Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance in previously untreated patients initiating combination antiretroviral treatment: a comparison of different regimen types. Archives of Internal Medicine 2007 Sep 10;167(16):1782-90.
Darunavir/ritonavir virologic failures in Phase III TITAN trail
De Meyer S, Lathouwers E, Dierynck I, De Paepe E, Van Baelen B, Vangeneugden T, Spinosa-Guzman S, Picchio G, de Bethune MP Characterization of virologic failures on darunavir/ritonavir in the randomized, controlled, Phase III TITAN trial in treatment-experienced patients. 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
Integrase mutations selected with Elvitegravir
Goethals O, Clayton R, Van Ginderen M, Vereycken I, Wagemans E, Geluykens P, Dockx K, Strijbos R, Smits V, Vos A, Meersseman G, Jochmans D, Vermeire K, Schols D, Hallenberger S, Hertogs K. Resistance mutations in HIV-1 integrase selected with Elvitegravir confer reduced susceptibility to a wide range of integrase inhibitors. Journal of Virology 2008 Nov;82(21):10366-74.
TMC278: strategic flexibility explains potency against DRMs
Das K, Bauman JD, Clark AD Jr, Frenkel YV, Lewi PJ, Shatkin AJ, Hughes SH, Arnold E. High-resolution structures of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase/TMC278 complexes: strategic flexibility explains potency against resistance mutations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 Feb 5;105(5):1466-71.
Rare resistance profile of patient who failed regimen with tenofovir DF
Delaugerre C, Roudiere L, Peytavin G, Rouzioux C, Viard JP, Chaix ML. Selection of a rare resistance profile in an HIV-1-infected patient exhibiting a failure to an antiretroviral regimen including tenofovir DF. Journal of Clinical Virology 2005 Mar;32(3):241-4.
Differences in gag length in different subtypes
Holguin A, Alvarez A, Soriano V. Differences in the length of gag proteins among different HIV type 1 subtypes. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2005 Oct;21(10):886-93.
Genotypes from southern China
Laeyendecker O, Zhang GW, Quinn TC, Garten R, Ray SC, Lai S, Liu W, Chen J, Yu XF. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes in southern China. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2005 Mar 1;38(3):356-62.
Genotypes from western India
Lall M, Gupta RM, Sen S, Kapila K, Tripathy SP, Paranjape RS. Profile of primary resistance in HIV-1-infected treatment-naive individuals from Western India. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Jul;24(7):987-90.
NVP resistance mutations after single-dose NVP in women from Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
Toni TD, Masquelier B, Minga A, Anglaret X, Danel C, Coulibaly A, Chenal H, Dabis F, Salamon R, Fleury HJ. Characterization of nevirapine (NVP) resistance mutations and HIV type 1 subtype in women from Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) after NVP single-dose prophylaxis of HIV type 1 mother-to-child transmission. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2005 Dec;21(12):1031-4. September 16, 2008
Integrase L68V/I Associates with E92Q and Increases Resistance
Goodman DD, Hluhanich R, Waters J, Margot NA, Fransen S, Gupta S, Huang W, Parkin N, Borroto-Esoda K, Svarovskala ES, Miller MD, McColl DJ Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Involves Complex Interactions Among Primary and Secondary Resistance Mutations: A Novel Mutation L68V/I Associates with E92Q and Increases Resistance International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, Sitges, Spain 2008.
Genotypes/Treatments from Mali and Burkina Faso Patients
Sylla M, Chamberland A, Boileau C, Traore HA, Ag-Aboubacrine S, Cisse M, Koala S, Drabo J, Diallo I, Niamba P, Tremblay-Sher D, Machouf N, Rashed S, Nickle DC, Nguyen VK, Tremblay CL; ATARAO Group. Characterization of drug resistance in antiretroviral-treated patients infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG and AGK subtypes in Mali and Burkina Faso Antiviral Therapy, 2008;13(1):141-8.
Raltegravir Salvage Therapy Failure
Charpentier C, Karmochkine M, Laureillard D, Tisserand P, Belec L, Weiss L, Si-Mohamed A, Piketty C. Drug resistance profiles for the HIV integrase gene in patients failing raltegravir salvage therapy HIV Medicine, 2008 Jul 21.
Transmitted Drug Resistance in Women from Tazania
Somi GR, Kibuka T, Diallo K, Tuhuma T, Bennett DE, Yang C, Kagoma C, Lyamuya EF, Swai RO, Kassim S. Surveillance of transmitted HIV drug resistance among women attending antenatal clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Antiviral Therapy, 2008;13 Suppl 2:77-82.
Genotypes from Denmark
Andresen BS, Vinner L, Tang S, Bragstad K, Kronborg G, Gerstoft J, Corbet S, Fomsgaard A. Characterization of near full-length genomes of HIV type 1 strains in Denmark: basis for a universal therapeutic vaccine AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2007 Nov;23(11):1442-8.
Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1
Bonhoeffer S, Chappey C, Parkin NT, Whitcomb JM, Petropoulos CJ. Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1 Science, 2004 Nov 26;306(5701):1547-50. Note: Sequences now available.
Genotypes from Brazilian Blood Donors (Significant Prevalence of B/F1 Recombinants)
Brennan CA, Brites C, Bodelle P, Golden A, Hackett J Jr, Holzmayer V, Swanson P, Vallari A, Yamaguchi J, Devare S, Pedroso C, Ramos A, Badaro R. HIV-1 strains identified in Brazilian blood donors: significant prevalence of B/F1 recombinants AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2007 Nov;23(11):1434-41.
K65R Resistance to Tenofovir - Subtype C
Brenner BG, Oliveira M, Doualla-Bell F, Moisi DD, Ntemgwa M, Frankel F, Essex M, Wainberg MA. HIV-1 subtype C viruses rapidly develop K65R resistance to tenofovir in cell culture AIDS, 2006 Jun 12;20(9):F9-F13.
Evidence of Differential HLA Class I-Mediated Viral Evolution
Brumme ZL, Brumme CJ, Heckerman D, Korber BT, Daniels M, Carlson J, Kadie C, Bhattacharya T, Chui C, Szinger J, Mo T, Hogg RS, Montaner JS, Frahm N, Brander C, Walker BD, Harrigan PR. Evidence of differential HLA class I-mediated viral evolution in functional and accessory/regulatory genes of HIV-1 PLoS Pathogens, 2007 Jul;3(7):e94.
Genotypes from Newly Diagnosed Patients in Argentina, 2003-2005.
Dilernia DA, Gomez AM, Lourtau L, Marone R, Losso MH, Salomon H, Gomez-Carrillo M. HIV type 1 genetic diversity surveillance among newly diagnosed individuals from 2003 to 2005 in Buenos Aires, Argentina AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2007 Oct;23(10):1201-7.
Complex Inter-Recombinant Genotypes from Spain
Holguin, Lospitao E, Lopez M, de Arellano ER, Pena MJ, del Romero J, Martin C, Soriano V. Genetic characterization of complex inter-recombinant HIV-1 strains circulating in Spain and reliability of distinct rapid subtyping tools Journal of Medical Virology, 2008 Mar;80(3):383-91.
Protease Genotypes from Vellore, India
Kandathil AJ, Kannangai R, Abraham OC, Sudarsanam TD, Pulimood SA, Sridharan G. Genotypic resistance profile of HIV-1 protease gene: A preliminary report from Vellore, south India Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2008 Apr-Jun;26(2):151-4.
Genotypes from Nairobi, Kenya with High Proportion of Intersubtype Recombinants
Land AM, Ball TB, Luo M, Rutherford J, Sarna C, Wachihi C, Kimani J, Plummer FA. Full-length HIV type 1 proviral sequencing of 10 highly exposed women from Nairobi, Kenya reveals a high proportion of intersubtype recombinants AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Jun;24(6):865-72.
Persistence of Transmitted Drug Resistance
Little SJ, Frost SD, Wong JK, Smith DM, Pond SL, Ignacio CC, Parkin NT, Petropoulos CJ, Richman DD. Persistence of transmitted drug resistance among subjects with primary human immunodeficiency virus infection Journal of Virology, 2008 Jun;82(11):5510-8.
CRF01_AE Genotypes from Fujian, China.
Liu J, Yue J, Wu S, Yan Y. Polymorphisms and drug resistance analysis of HIV-1 CRF01_AE strains circulating in Fujian Province, China Archives of Virology, 2007;152(10):1799-805.
Protease Genotypes from PI-Naive Chinese Patients
Liu L, Lu HZ, Henry M, Tamalet C. Polymorphism and antiretroviral drug resistance patterns in the protease gene of HIV-1 subtypes infecting PI naive Chinese patients Unpublished
Evaluation of Dried Blood Spot for HIV Drug Resistance Testing
McNulty A, Jennings C, Bennett D, Fitzgibbon J, Bremer JW, Ussery M, Kalish ML, Heneine W, Garcia-Lerma JG. Evaluation of dried blood spots for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance testing Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2007 Feb;45(2):517-21.
Transmitted Drug Resistance in Entebbe, Uganda
Ndembi N, Lyagoba F, Nanteza B, Kushemererwa G, Serwanga J, Katongole-Mbidde E, Grosskurth H, Kaleebu P; Uganda HIV Drug Resistance Working Group. Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Surveillance among Newly HIV Type 1-Diagnosed Women Attending an Antenatal Clinic in Entebbe, Uganda AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2008 Jun;24(6):889-95.
Genotypes from Newly-Diagnosed Patients in Portugal
Palma AC, Araujo F, Duque V, Borges F, Paixao MT, Camacho R; Portuguese SPREAD Network. Molecular epidemiology and prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Portugal Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2007 Jun;7(3):391-8.
Subtype F Genotypes from Romania
Paraschiv S, Otelea D, Dinu M, Maxim D, Tinischi M. Polymorphisms and resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes of HIV-1 F subtype Romanian strains International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007 Mar;11(2):123-8.
Tipranavir/Darunavir Susceptibility
Poveda E, de Mendoza C, Parkin N, Choe S, Garcia-Gasco P, Corral A, Soriano V. Evidence for different susceptibility to tipranavir and darunavir in patients infected with distinct HIV-1 subtypes AIDS, 2008 Mar 12;22(5):611-6.
Phenotypes - Integrase Inhibitor L731,988 and L810,810
Van Baelen K, Clynhens M, Rondelez E, Van Eygen V, Van Den Zegel P, Vermeiren H, Vandenbroucke I, Stuyver LJ. Low Level of Baseline Resistance to Integrase Inhibitors L731,988 and L810,810 in Randomly Selected Subtype B and Non-B HIV-1 Strains International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, Barbados 2007. June 9, 2008
NVP Resistance Mutations in Treatment-naive Patients with Subtypes A, C, and D
Church JD, Hudelson SE, Guay LA, Chen S, Hoover DR, Parkin N, Fiscus SA, Mmiro F, Musoke P, Kumwenda N, Jackson JB, Taha TE, Eshleman SH. HIV type 1 variants with nevirapine resistance mutations are rarely detected in antiretroviral drug-naive African women with subtypes A, C, and D. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Jan;24(1):7-14.
Genotypes from Santos, Brazil
de Sa-Filho DJ, Da Silva Soares M, Candido V, Gagliani LH, Cavaliere E, Diaz RS, Caseiro MM. HIV Type 1 pol Gene Diversity and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Santos, Brazil AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Mar;24(3):347-53.
Elvitegravir, Raltegravir and L870,810 Phenotypes
Hombrouck A, Voet A, Van Remoortel B, Desadeleer C, De Maeyer M, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M. Mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase confer resistance to the naphthyridine L-870,810 and cross-resistance to the clinical trial drug GS-9137 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2008 Jun;52(6):2069-78.
Genotypes from Nagoya, Japan, 1999-2006
Ibe S, Hattori J, Fujisaki S, Shigemi U, Fujisaki S, Shimizu K, Nakamura K, Kazumi T, Yokomaku Y, Mamiya N, Hamaguchi M, Kaneda T. Trend of drug-resistant HIV type 1 emergence among therapy-naive patients in Nagoya, Japan: an 8-year surveillance from 1999 to 2006 AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Jan;24(1):7-14.
Genotypes from Patients who Failed Raltegravir Treatment
Malet I, Delelis O, Valantin MA, Montes B, Soulie C, Wirden M, Tchertanova L, Peytavin G, Reynes J, Mouscadet JF, Katlama C, Calvez V, Marcelin AG. Mutations Associated with Failure of Raltegravir Treatment affect integrase sensitivity to the inhibitor in vitro Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2008 Apr;52(4):1351-8.
Genotypes from Patients from KwaZulu Natal, South Africa after First-Time ARV Treatment
Marconi VC, Sunpath H, Lu Z, Gordon M, Koranteng-Apeagyei K, Hampton J, Carpenter S, Giddy J, Ross D, Holst H, Losina E, Walker BD, Kuritzkes DR. Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Clinical Infectious Disease 2008 May 15;46(10):1589-97.
Genotypes from the Southern Central African Republic
Punzi G, Saracino A, Brindicci G, Scarabaggio T, Lagioia A, Angarano G, Monno L. HIV infection and protease genetic diversity in a rural area of the Southern Central African Republic Journal of Medical Virology 2005 Dec;77(4):457-9.
Integrase Inhibitor Phenotypes
Ren C, May S, Miletti T, Bedard J. In vitro Cross-resistance Studies of Five Different Classes of Integrase Inhibitors in Recombinant HIV-1 Antiviral Therapy 2007 12:S3 (abstract no. 1).
The Discovery of Raltegravir
Rowley M. The Discovery of Raltegravir, an Integrase Inhibitor for the Treatment of HIV Infection Progress in Medicinal Chemistry 2008;46:1-28.
Genotypes from Newly Diagnosed Patients from Belgium, 2003-2006
Vercauteren J, Derdelinckx I, Sasse A, Bogaert M, Ceunen H, De Roo A, De Wit S, Deforche K, Echahidi F, Fransen K, Goffard JC, Goubau P, Goudeseune E, Yombi JC, Lacor P, Liesnard C, Moutschen M, Pierard D, Rens R, Schrooten Y, Vaira D, Van Den Heuvel A, Van Der Gucht B, Van Ranst M, Van Wijngaerden E, Vandercam B, Vekemans M, Verhofstede C, Clumeck N, Vandamme AM, Van Laethem K. Prevalence and Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance among Newly Diagnosed Therapy-Naive Patients in Belgium from 2003 to 2006 AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Mar;24(3):355-62. March 12, 2008
Elvitegravir Genotype-Phenotypes
Shimura K, Kodama E, Sakagami Y, Matsuzaki Y, Watanabe W, Yamataka K, Watanabe Y, Ohata Y, Doi S, Sato M, Kano M, Ikeda S, Matsuoka M. Broad Anti-Retroviral Activity and Resistance Profile of a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Inhibitor, Elvitegravir (JTK-303/GS-9137). Journal of Virology 2008 Jan;82(2):764-74.
Genotypes from ARV-Experienced Patients in Pune, India
Sen S, Tripathy SP, Patil AA, Chimanpure VM, Paranjape RS. High prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients from Pune, India. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Oct;23(10):1303-8.
Genotypes from ARV-Naive Patients from the former Soviet Union
Vazquez de Parga E, Rakhmanova A, Perez-Alvarez L, Vinogradova A, Delgado E, Thomson MM, Casado G, Sierra M, Munoz M, Carmona R, Vega Y, Contreras G, Medrano L, Osmanov S, Najera R. Analysis of drug resistance-associated mutations in treatment-naive individuals infected with different genetic forms of HIV-1 circulating in countries of the former Soviet Union. Journal of Medical Virology 2005 Nov;77(3):337-44. Note: Sequences are now in Genbank.
Genotypes from ARV-Naive Patients in Mali
Derache A, Traore O, Koita V, Sylla A, Tubiana R, Simon A, Canestri A, Carcelain G, Katlama C, Calvez V, Cisse M, Marcelin AG. Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in HIV type 1 from untreated patients in Bamako, Mali. Antiviral Therapy 2007;12(1):123-9. Click this link for additional sequences
Genotypes from ARV-Treated and Naive patients in 2 Brazillian Cities
Eyer-Silva WA, Couto-Fernandez JC, Silva-de-Jesus C, Morgado, MG. Prevalence of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Treatment-Naive and Experienced Patients from Resource-Limited Settings with Universal Access to Antiretroviral Therapy: a Survey in Two Small Brazilian Cities. Unpublished
Genotypes from Honduran Patients at the Beginning of a National ART Program
Lloyd B, O'Connell RJ, Michael NL, Aviles R, Palou E, Hernandez R, Cooley J, Jagodzinski LL. Prevalence of Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Hondurans at the Beginning of the National Antiretroviral Therapy Program. Unpublished
Prevalence of Primary Antiretroviral Resistance Trends in Korea
Bang JI, Song KH, Kim SH, Cho JH, Park WB, Park SW, Kim HB, Kim NJ, Oh MD, Choe KW. Prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance: trends in Korea. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Jan;24(1):83-5.
Subtype C and CB Recombinants in Brazil
Brigido LF, Nunes CC, Oliveira CM, Knoll RK, Ferreira JL, Freitas CA, Alves MA, Dias C, Rodrigues R. HIV type 1 subtype C and CB Pol recombinants prevail at the cities with the highest AIDS prevalence rate in Brazil. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Dec;23(12):1579-86.
Genotype-phenotypes (Subtype A - NNRTI)
Eshleman SH, Jones D, Galovich J, Paxinos EE, Petropoulos CJ, Jackson JB, Parkin N. Phenotypic drug resistance patterns in subtype A HIV-1 clones with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase resistance mutations. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2006 Mar;22(3):289-93.
Genotype - Subtype D from South Africa
Jacobs G, Loxton A, Laten, A, Engelbrecht S. Complete genome sequencing of a non-syncytium-inducing HIV type 1 subtype D strain from Cape Town, South Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Dec;23(12):1575-8.
Subtype C Genotypes from Southern Mozambique
Lahuerta M, Aparicio E, Bardaji A, Marco S, Sacarlal J, Mandomando I, Alonso P, Martinez MA, Menendez C, Naniche D. Rapid Spread and Genetic Diversification of HIV Type 1 Subtype C in a Rural Area of Southern Mozambique. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2008 Feb;24(2):327-35..
Genotypes of Cambodian Patients after ART Prophylaxis Against HIV Perinatal Transmission
Ly N, Phoung V, Min DC, Srey C, Kruy LS, Koum K, Chhum V, Glaziou P, Fleury HJ, Reynes JM. Reverse transcriptase mutations in Cambodian CRF01_AE isolates after antiretroviral prophylaxis against HIV Type 1 perinatal transmission. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Dec;23(12):1563-8.
Genotypes of Children after Exposure to Single-Dose Nevirapine
Martinson NA, Morris L, Gray G, Moodley D, Pillay V, Cohen S, Dhlamini P, Puren A, Bhayroo S, Steyn J, McIntyre JA. Selection and persistence of viral resistance in HIV-infected children after exposure to single-dose nevirapine. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2007 Feb 1;44(2):148-53.
Genotypes from Patients in Yaounde, Cameroon
Ndembi N, Abraha A, Pilch H, Ichimura H, Mbanya D, Kaptue L, Salata R, Arts EJ. Molecular Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 in Yaounde, Cameroon: Evidence of Major Drug Resistance Mutations in Newly Diagnosed Patients Infected with Subtypes Other than Subtype B. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2008 Jan;46(1):177-84.
Genotypes of Infants whose Mothers Received Peripartum Nevirapine Prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria
Ojesina AI, Mullins C, Imade G, Samuels J, Sankale JL, Pam S, Sagay S, Idoko J, Kanki PJ. Characterization of HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in infants infected by mothers who received peripartum nevirapine prophylaxis in Jos, Nigeria. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Dec;23(12):1587-92.
Genotype Diversity in the Seychelles
Razafindratsimandresy R, Hollanda J, Soares JL, Rousset D, Chetty AP, Reynes JM. HIV type 1 diversity in the Seychelles. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Jun;23(6):761-3.
Genotype Diversity in Shanghai, China
Zhong P, Pan Q, Ning Z, Xue Y, Gong J, Zhen X, Zhou L, Sheng F, Zhang W, Gai J, Cheng H, Yue Q, Xing H, Zhuang M, Lu W, Shao Y, Kang L. Genetic diversity and drug resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains circulating in Shanghai. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 May 1;195(9):1283-93. November 16, 2007
ACTG 333 Clinical Trial
Multicenter, randomized trial comparing 2 formulations of saquinavir (SQV) to indinavir (IDV) in patients with extensive hard-gel SQV experience.
RT K70G+M184V Genotype with Tenofovir/Emtricitabine HAART
Bradshaw D, Malik S, Booth C, Van Houtte M, Pattery T, Waters A, Ainsworth J, Geretti AM. Characterization of a novel drug-resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2007 Sep 17.
Elvitegravir (GS-9137) Genotype-Phenotypes
McColl DJ, Fransen S, Gupta S, Parkin N, Margot N, Chuck S, Cheng AK, Miller MD. Resistance and Cross-Resistance to First Generation Integrase Inhibitors: Insights from a Phase 2 Study of Elvitegravir (GS-9137). Antiviral Therapy 2007; 12:S11 (abstract no. 9).
RT 67N+70R+215Y Genotype in Subtype C Patients with ZDV/ddI HAART
Novitsky V, Wester CW, DeGruttola V, Bussmann H, Gaseitsiwe S, Thomas A, Moyo S, Musonda R, Van Widenfelt E, Marlink RG, Essex M. The reverse transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y genotype is the predominant TAM pathway associated with virologic failure among HIV type 1C-infected adults treated with ZDV/ddI-containing HAART in southern Africa. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Jul;23(7):868-78.
Genotypes from Drug-Naive Children in Southern India
Soundararajan L, Karunaianandham R, Jauvin V, Schrive MH, Ramachandran R, Narayanan PR, Fleury HJ, Swaminathan S. Characterization of HIV-1 isolates from antiretroviral drug-naive children in southern India. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Sep;23(9):1119-26.
Subtype G is a Circulating Recombinant Form
Abecasis AB, Lemey P, Vidal N, de Oliveira T, Peeters M, Camacho R, Shapiro B, Rambaut A, Vandamme AM. Recombination confounds the early evolutionary history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: subtype G is a circulating recombinant form. Journal of Virology 2007 Aug;81(16):8543-51.
Genotypes from Wild Mustached Monkeys
Aghokeng AF, Bailes E, Loul S, Courgnaud V, Mpoudi-Ngolle E, Sharp PM, Delaporte E, Peeters M. Full-length sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages. Virology 2007 Apr 10;360(2):407-18.
Genotypes from Elite Suppressors
Blankson JN, Bailey JR, Thayil S, Yang HC, Lassen K, Lai J, Gandhi SK, Siliciano JD, Williams TM, Siliciano RF. Isolation and characterization of replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a subset of elite suppressors. Journal of Virology 2007 Mar;81(5):2508-18.
Genotypes from Kazakhstan
Eyzaguirre LM, Erasilova IB, Nadai Y, Saad MD, Kovtunenko NG, Gomatos PJ, Zeman VV, Botros BA, Sanchez JL, Birx DL, Earhart KC, Carr JK. Genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2007 Sep 1;46(1):19-23.
Genotypes from Recently Infected IDU's in Western China
Liao L, Xing H, Li X, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Qin G, Shao Y. Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of HIV type 1 isolates from recently infected injecting drug users in western China. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Aug;23(8):1062-5.
CRF 13_cpx Genotypes from Cameroon
Luk KC, Holzmayer V, Yamaguchi J, Swanson P, Brennan CA, Ngansop C, Mbanya D, Gayum H, Djuidje MN, Ndembi N, Kamdem D, Kaptue L, Gurtler L, Devare SG, Hackett J. Near full-length genome characterization of three additional HIV type 1 CRF13_cpx strains from Cameroon. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Feb;23(2):297-302.
CRF 37_cpx Genotype from Cameroon
Powell RL, Zhao J, Konings FA, Tang S, Ewane L, Burda S, Urbanski MM, Saa DR, Hewlett I, Nyambi PN. Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 37_cpx: an old strain in Cameroon composed of diverse, genetically distant lineages of subtypes A and G. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Jul;23(7):923-33.
CRF 36_cpx Genotypes from Cameroon
Powell RL, Zhao J, Konings FA, Tang S, Nanfack A, Burda S, Urbanski MM, Saa DR, Hewlett I, Nyambi PN. Identification of a novel circulating recombinant form (CRF) 36_cpx in Cameroon that combines two CRFs (01_AE and 02_AG) with ancestral lineages of subtypes A and G. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Aug;23(8):1008-19.
Genotypes from Treatment-Naive Patients in Accra, Ghana
Sagoe KW, Dwidar M, Lartey M, Boamah I, Agyei AA, Hayford AA, Mingle JA, Arens MQ. Variability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 polymerase gene from treatment naive patients in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Clinical Virology 2007 Oct;40(2):163-7.
CRF 35_AD Genotypes in IDU's from Afghanistan
Sanders-Buell E, Saad MD, Abed AM, Bose M, Todd CS, Strathdee SA, Botros BA, Safi N, Earhart KC, Scott PT, Michael N, McCutchan FE. A nascent HIV type 1 epidemic among injecting drug users in Kabul, Afghanistan is dominated by complex AD recombinant strain, CRF35_AD. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Jun;23(6):834-9.
SIVcpz Genotypes From Fecal Consensus Sequences
Takehisa J, Kraus MH, Decker JM, Li Y, Keele BF, Bibollet-Ruche F, Zammit KP, Weng Z, Santiago ML, Kamenya S, Wilson ML, Pusey AE, Bailes E, Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Hahn BH. Generation of infectious molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus from fecal consensus sequences of wild chimpanzees. Journal of Virology 2007 Jul;81(14):7463-75.
Genotypes of Recently Infected Patients in Cote d'Ivoire
Toni T, Masquelier B, Minga A, Anglaret X, Danel C, Coulibaly A, Chenal H, Dabis F, Salamon R, Fleury HJ, Primo-CI ANRS 1220 Study Group. HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance in recently infected patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire: A 4-year survey, 2002-2006 AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Sep;23(9):1155-60.
CRF 34_01B Genotypes from IDU's in Thailand
Tovanabutra S, Kijak GH, Beyrer C, Gammon-Richardson C, Sakkhachornphop S, Vongchak T, Jittiwutikarn J, Razak MH, Sanders-Buell E, Robb ML, Suriyanon V, Birx DL, Michael NL, Celentano DD, McCutchan FE. Identification of CRF34_01B, a second circulating recombinant form unrelated to and more complex than CRF15_01B, among injecting drug users in northern Thailand. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007 Jun;23(6):829-33.
CRF15_01B-like Genotype from Thailand
Warachit J, Iwabu Y, Li YG, Li GM, Isarangkura P, Ibrahim MS, Balachandra K, Tsuji S, Ikuta K. Aberrant life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF15_01B-like clinical isolates from Thailand in human CD4+ T-cell lines. Microbes and Infection 2007 Apr;9(4):449-59. July 25, 2007
Integrase genotypes
Lataillade M, Chiarella J, Kozal, MJ. Natural polymorphism of the HIV-1 integrase gene and mutations associated with integrase inhibitor resistance Antiviral Therapy 2007 12:563-570.
Genotype-treatment in Chile
Rios M, Delgado E, Perez-Alvarez L, Fernandez J, Galvez P, de Parga EV, Yung V, Thomson MM, Najera R Antiretroviral drug resistance and phylogenetic diversity of HIV-1 in Chile Journal of Medical Virology 2007.
RT & PR genotype-treatment in W. Africa
Seyler C, Adje-Toure C, Messou E, Dakoury-Dogbo N, Rouet F, Gabillard D, Nolan M, Toure S, Anglaret X. Impact of genotypic drug resistance mutations on clinical and immunological outcomes in HIV-infected adults on HAART in West Africa AIDS 2007.
ETV (TMC125) genotype-phenotype
View all ETV genotype-phenotype references
Vingerhoets J, Azijn H, Fransen E, De Baere I, Smeulders L, Jochmans D, Andries K, Pauwels R, de Bethune MP. TMC125 displays a high genetic barrier to the development of resistance: evidence from in vitro selection experiments Journal of Virology 2005.
ETV (TMC125) genotype-phenotype
View all ETV genotype-phenotype references
Andries K, Azijn H, Thielemans T, Ludovici D, Kukla M, Heeres J, Janssen P, De Corte B, Vingerhoets J, Pauwels R, de Bethune MP TMC125, a novel next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor active against nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2005.
Integrase genotypes in Saudi Arabia
Badreddine S, Smith K, Van Zyl H, Bodelle P, Yamaguchi J, Swanson P, Devare SG, Brennan CA Identification and Characterization of HIV Type 1 Subtypes Present in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: High Level of Genetic Diversity Found AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007.
ETV (TMC125) genotype-phenotype
View all ETV genotype-phenotype references
Brillant JE, Klumpp K, Swallow S, Mirzadegan T, Cammack N, Heilek-Snyder G. In vitro Resistance Development for a second generation NNRTI: TMC125 XIII International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, Tenerife 2004.
ETV (TMC125) genotype-phenotype
View all ETV genotype-phenotype references
Das K, Clark AD, Lewi PJ, Heeres J, De Jonge MR, Koymans LM, Vinkers HM, Daeyaert F, Ludovici DW, Kukla MJ, De Corte B, Kavash RW, Ho CY, Ye H, Lichtenstein MA, Andries K, Pauwels R, De Bethune MP, Boyer PL, Clark P, Hughes SH, Janssen PA, Arnold E. Roles of conformational and positional adaptability in structure-based design of TMC125-R165335 (etravirine) and related non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that are highly potent and effective against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1 variants Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2004.
Primary infection genotypes
Eshleman SH, Husnik M, Hudelson S, Donnell D, Huang Y, Huang W, Hart S, Jackson B, Coates T, Chesney M, Koblin B. Antiretroviral drug resistance, HIV-1 tropism, and HIV-1 subtype among men who have sex with men with recent HIV-1 infection AIDS 2007.
R1206 genotype-phenotype
Guoping S, Yu L, Paul A, Hang J, Harris S, Hogg H, Dunn J, Yan JM, Chow E, Cammack N, Klumpp K, Heilek G In Vitro Selection and Characterization of Viruses Resistant to R1206, a Novel Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor 16th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, Barbados 2007.
Genotypes in Liaoning, China.
Han X, Zhang M, Dai D, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Geng W, Jiang Y, Takebe Y, Shang H Genotypic resistance mutations to antiretroviral drugs in treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients living in Liaoning Province, China: baseline prevalence and subtype-specific difference AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007.
Single-dose Nevirapine
Kurle SN, Gangakhedkar RR, Sen S, Hayatnagarkar SS, Tripathy SP, Paranjape RS Emergence of NNRTI Drug Resistance Mutations after Single-Dose Nevirapine Exposure in HIV Type 1 Subtype C-Infected Infants in India AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 2007.
Genotype-treatment in Keyan children
Lwembe R, Ochieng W, Panikulam A, Mongoina CO, Palakudy T, Koizumi Y, Kageyama S, Yamamoto N, Shioda T, Musoke R, Owens M, Songok EM, Okoth FA, Ichimura H Anti-retroviral drug resistance-associated mutations among non-subtype B HIV-1-infected Kenyan children with treatment failure Journal of Medical Virology 2007.
BMS AI424089 Study (Atazanavir +/- Ritonavir)
McGrath D, Wirtz V, Yang R, Mathew M, Rightmire A, Schnittman S. Antiviral Efficacy and Emergent PI Substitutions in Treatment-Naive Subjects Receiving Atazanavir +/- Ritonavir-Based HAART in subtype B and Non-TYpe B HIV-1 Infection International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, Barbados 2007.
PBMC genotyping
Vicenti I, Razzolini F, Saladini F, Romano L, Zazzi M Use of peripheral blood DNA for genotype antiretroviral resistance testing in drug-naive HIV-infected subjects Clinical Infectious Disease 2007.
ETV (TMC125) genotype-phenotype
View all ETV genotype-phenotype references
Vingerhoets J, De Baere I, Azijn H, Van den Bulcke T, McKenna P, Pattery T, Pauwels R, de Bethune MP Antiviral Activity of TMC125 against a Panel of Site-directed Mutants Encompassing Mutations Observed in vitro and in vivo 11th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, San Francisco 2004.
ETV (TMC125) genotype-phenotype
View all ETV genotype-phenotype references
Vingerhoets J, Van Marck H, Veldeman J, Peeters M, McKenna P,de Bethune MP Antiviral Activity of TMC125, a Potent Next-Generation Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI), against >5000 Recombinant Clinical Isolates Exhibiting a Wide Range of NNRTI Resistance 12th International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop 2003.
IMPACT Study (Atazanavir)
Zolopa A, Towner W, Butcher D, Wang S, Maa JF, Seekins D Resistance Profile after Viral Rebound on Atazanavir-Containing Therapy: Focus on Protease Inhibitor Naive Subjects in the IMPACT Study (BMS AI424-128) International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop, Barbados 2007. |
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