Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database - A curated public database designed to represent, store, and analyze the divergent forms of data underlying HIV drug resistance.

A curated public database designed to represent, store, and analyze the divergent forms of data underlying HIV drug resistance.

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Genbank References

Genbank database V 172.0 released on 2009-06-15


This page contains a list of all GenBank entries on HIV-1 protease, RT and integrase grouped by reference. The reference may include a published paper or the title provided with the GenBank submission. The purpose of this page is to show which GenBank entries are in the HIV Drug Resistance Database and which aren't. The last column (Annotation) of the table shows whether or not there are plans to add the entry to the database. Each entry in the Annotation column is linked to a page explaining the annotation.

The entries were created by performing a BLAST search of the GenBank using the consensus B protease, RT and integrase amino acid sequence (give link to the sequences). The E-value column contains the lowest e-value (best match) for all the GenBank entries associated with a specific reference. The columns, # in GB, # in HIVDB, and % in HIVDB indicate the number of entries in GenBank associated with the reference, the number of these entries that are also in the HIV Drug Resistance Database, and the % of GenBank entries from a particular reference that are in the HIV Drug Resistance Database.

For a treatment summary for every isolate in our database and in the GenBank, click here. This file indicates whether or not the person from whom the sequenced virus was obtained had received one or more nucleoside RT inhibitor, nonnucleoside RT inhibitor, or protease inhibitor.



References sorted by Author and Year of Publication


AuthorsTitleCitationE-value# in
HIVDB
# in
Gb
% in
HIVDB
Annotation
Abecasis (2007) RECOMBINATION confounds the early evolutionary history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: subtype g is a circulating recombinant form J. Virol. 81 (16), 8543-8551 (2007) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Achkar (2004) INFECTION with group M non-B HIV-1 subtypes in individuals living in New York City Unpublished 1e-159  
34
34PR
3RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Adachi (1986) PRODUCTION of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus in human and nonhuman cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone J. Virol. 59 (2), 284-291 (1986) 1e-165 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Adojaan (2004) PREDOMINANCE of a Rare Type of HIV-1 in Estonia J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 39 (5), 598-605 (2005) 0 4
4PR
3RT
4IN
143
142PR
4RT
4IN
2 Gene fragment(s)
Aghokeng (2007) FULL-LENGTH sequence analysis of SIVmus in wild populations of mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus) from Cameroon provides evidence for two co-circulating SIVmus lineages Virology 360 (2), 407-418 (2007) 0 5
3PR
5RT
5IN
5
5RT
5IN
100 HIVDB
Agneskog (2008) CHANGES in mutation patterns of a mosaic genome HIV-1 strain after treatment with nucleoside analogs and the integrase inhibitor raltegravir Unpublished 1e-173  
4
2RT
2IN
0 Pending
Agwale (2003) GENOTYPIC and phenotypic analyses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in antiretroviral drug-naive nigerian patients AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22 (1), 22-26 (2006) 5e-81 18
18PR
18RT
18
18PR
18RT
100 HIVDB
Agwu (2008) Analyses of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Profiles Among Infected Adolescents Experiencing Delayed Antiretroviral Treatment Switch Following Initial Nonsuppressive Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Unpublished 1e-52  
120
120PR
0 Pending
Ait-Khaled (2002) MUTATIONS in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase during therapy with abacavir, lamivudine and zidovudine in HIV-1-infected adults with no prior antiretroviral therapy Antivir. Ther. (Lond.) 7 (1), 43-51 (2002) 1e-98 156
156RT
156
156RT
100 HIVDB
Albert (1992) PERSISTENCE of azidothymidine-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA genotypes in posttreatment sera J. Virol. 66 (9), 5627-5630 (1992) 5e-55 20
20RT
20
20RT
100 HIVDB
Albert (1994) ANALYSIS of a rape case by direct sequencing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol and gag genes J. Virol. 68 (9), 5918-5924 (1994) 4e-77 23
23RT
26
26RT
88 HIVDB
Alexander (2002) INHIBITION of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replication by a Two-Amino-Acid Insertion in HIV-1 Vif from a Nonprogressing Mother and Child J. Virol. 76 (20), 10533-10539 (2002) 0.027  
1
1IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
Alizon (1986) GENETIC variability of the AIDS virus: nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates from African patients Cell 46 (1), 63-74 (1986) 1e-165 2
1PR
1RT
2IN
2
2PR
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Allan (1993) SPECIES-SPECIFIC diversity among simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys J. Virol. 65 (6), 2816-2828 (1991) 2e-33  
8
8IN
0 Laboratory/experimental isolate
Allen (2005) SELECTIVE Escape from CD8+ T-Cell Responses Represents a Major Driving Force of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Sequence Diversity and Reveals Constraints on HIV-1 Evolution J. Virol. 79 (21), 13239-13249 (2005) 0 14
14PR
14RT
14IN
14
14PR
14RT
14IN
100 HIVDB
Altfeld (2003) HIV-1 superinfection despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses containing replication of the primary virus Nature 420 (6914), 434-439 (2002) 0  
2
2PR
2RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Anderson (2000) TESTING the hypothesis of a recombinant origin of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype E J. Virol. 74 (22), 10752-10765 (2000) 1e-164 4
4PR
4RT
4IN
4
4PR
4RT
4IN
100 HIVDB
Anderson (1993) ANALYSIS of envelope changes acquired by SIVmac239 during neuroadaption in rhesus macaques Virology 195 (2), 616-626 (1993) 5e-99  
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
0 Laboratory/experimental isolate
Andersson (1999) MOLECULAR characterization of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa Virology 261 (1999) In press 2e-66 7
7RT
7
7RT
100 HIVDB
Andreani (2008) CLINICAL evolution and antiretroviral resistance patterns in HIV-1 dual infected patients in Argentina Unpublished 9e-51  
31
31PR
0 Pending
Andresen (2007) CHARACTERIZATION of Near Full-Length Genomes of HIV Type 1 Strains in Denmark: Basis for a Universal Therapeutic Vaccine AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (11), 1442-1448 (2007) 0 17
17PR
17RT
17IN
17
13PR
17RT
17IN
100 HIVDB
Anton (2004) GENOTYPIC Resistance to Efavirenz/Protease Inhibitor Regimens Unpublished 0  
219
219PR
219RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Apetrei (1998) HUMAN immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype F reverse transcriptase sequence and drug susceptibility J. Virol. 72 (5), 3534-3538 (1998) 1e-77 14
14RT
14
14RT
100 HIVDB
Apetrei (2003) HIV type 1 diversity in Northeastern Romania in 2000-2001 based on phylogenetic analysis of pol sequences from patients failing antiretroviral therapy AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19 (12), 1155-1161 (2003) 1e-117 163
77PR
86RT
163
77PR
86RT
100 HIVDB
Apetrei (2004) DIRECT Inoculation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from Sooty Mangabeys in Black Mangabeys (Lophocebus aterrimus): First Evidence of AIDS in a Heterologous African Species and Different Pathologic Outcomes of Experimental Infection J. Virol. 78 (21), 11506-11518 (2004) 4e-71  
18
18IN
0 Laboratory/experimental isolate
Apetrei (2005) MOLECULAR Epidemiology of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm in U.S. Primate Centers Unravels the Origin of SIVmac and SIVstm J. Virol. 79 (14), 8991-9005 (2005) 4e-90 47
47IN
47
47IN
100 HIVDB
Apetrei (2006) POTENTIAL for HIV transmission through unsafe injections AIDS 20 (7), 1074-1076 (2006) 1e-148  
21
17PR
13RT
0 Pending
Apetrei (2007) SIVSMM Subtypes Induce Specific Immunologic and Virologic Changes in Naturally-Infected Sooty Mangabeys Unpublished 3e-70  
96
96IN
0 Pending
Arien (2005) REPLICATIVE fitness of historical and recent HIV-1 isolates suggests HIV-1 attenuation over time AIDS 19 (15), 1555-1564 (2005) 0 23
23PR
23RT
23
23RT
100 Case report(s) / study subset
Arnold (1995) AT least five HIV-1 sequence subtypes (A, B, C, D, A/E) occur in England AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 11 (3), 427-429 (1995) 1e-126 4
4PR
4
4PR
100 HIVDB
Arroyo (2004) HIV Type 1 Subtypes among Blood Donors in the Mbeya Region of Southwest Tanzania AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (8), 895-901 (2004) 0 20
20PR
20RT
20IN
20
20PR
20RT
20IN
100 HIVDB
Arroyo (2006) HIV-1 diversity and prevalence differ between urban and rural areas in the Mbeya region of Tanzania AIDS 19 (14), 1517-1524 (2005) 0 14
14PR
14RT
14IN
14
8PR
14RT
14IN
100 HIVDB
Atkinson (2000) CORRELATION between human immunodeficiency virus genotypic resistance and virologic response in patients receiving nelfinavir monotherapy or nelfinavir with lamivudine and zidovudine J. Infect. Dis. 182 (2), 420-427 (2000) 1e-123 49
49PR
78
50PR
28RT
62 HIVDB
Aulicino (2004) CIRCULATION of novel HIV type 1 A, B/C, and F subtypes in Argentina AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (2), 158-164 (2005) 0  
2
2PR
2RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Aulicino (2005) SEQUENCE Analysis of a South American HIV Type 1 BC Recombinant AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (10), 894-896 (2005) 0 1
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Aulicino (2006) CIRCULATION of novel HIV type 1 A, B/C, and F subtypes in Argentina AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (2), 158-164 (2005) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Auswinporn (2001) GENOTYPIC subtyping of the HIV-1 polymerase gene in 30 naave patients from Thailand Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health 32 (2), 346-350 1e-121 6
6PR
6RT
27
27PR
27RT
22 HIVDB
Auwanit (2001) FULL-LENGTH sequences of two CRF01_ae (subtype e) HIV type 1 isolates from 1995 samples of patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17 (9), 867-871 (2001) 1e-165 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
2PR
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
AYEHUMIE (1991)   Unpublished (1991) 4e-41  
8
8PR
0 Gene fragment(s)
Azevedo-Pereira (1998) COMPLETE nucleotide sequence of HIV-2ALI, a low infectious isolate with restricted tropism to primary CD4+ cells Unpublished 2e-97 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Babic (2005) PREVALENCE of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and HIV-1 non-B subtypes in newly diagnosed drug-naive patients in Slovenia, 2000-2004 Virus Res. 118 (1-2), 156-163 (2006) 0 76
63PR
76RT
76
63PR
76RT
100 HIVDB
Babic (2005) MOLECULAR epidemiology of HIV-1 subtypes based on analysis of pol sequences in Slovenia, 1996-2005 J. Med. Virol. 78 (8), 997-1002 (2006) 0  
6
3PR
6RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Bacheler (2000) HUMAN immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutations selected in patients failing efavirenz combination therapy Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44 (9), 2475-2484 (2000) 1e-130 3669
3646PR
3662RT
3708
3708PR
3708RT
98 HIVDB
Bacheler (2001) GENOTYPIC correlates of phenotypic resistance to efavirenz in virus isolates from patients failing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy J. Virol. 75 (11), 4999-5008 (2001) 1e-126 87
84PR
87RT
87
84PR
87RT
100 HIVDB
Badreddine (2007) IDENTIFICATION and Characterization of HIV Type 1 Subtypes Present in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: High Level of Genetic Diversity Found AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (5), 667-674 (2007) 0 50
50IN
60
6RT
60IN
83 HIVDB
Baier (1990) COMPLETE nucleotide sequence of a simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys: a novel type of intragroup divergence Virology 176 (1), 216-221 (1990) 1e-109 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Bailey (2007) EVOLUTION of HIV-1 in an HLA-B*57-Positive Patient during Virologic Escape J. Infect. Dis. 196 (1), 50-55 (2007) 0  
38
35RT
6IN
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Bailey (2008) TRANSMISSION of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from a Patient Who Developed AIDS to an Elite Suppressor J. Virol. 82 (15), 7395-7410 (2008) 0  
14
7PR
7RT
14IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Balakrishnan (2005) HIV Type 1 Genotypic Variation in an Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Population in Southern India AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (4), 301-305 (2005) 1e-139 49
49PR
49RT
49
3PR
49RT
100 HIVDB
Baldrich-Rubio (2001) A complex human immunodeficiency virus type 1 A/G/J recombinant virus isolated from a seronegative patient with AIDS from Benin, West Africa J. Gen. Virol. 82 (PT 5), 1095-1106 (2001) 1e-161 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Balotta (2000) PREVALENCE of transmitted nucleoside analogue-resistant HIV-1 strains and pre-existing mutations in pol reverse transcriptase and protease region: outcome after treatment in recently infected individuals Antivir. Ther. (Lond.) 5 (1), 7-14 (2000) 1e-128 71
33PR
38RT
71
33PR
38RT
100 HIVDB
Balotta (2000) PREVALENCE of multiple dideoxynucleoside analogue resistance (MddNR) in a multicentric cohort of HIV-1 Italian patients with virologic failure Unpublished 1e-133 149
132PR
149RT
157
137PR
157RT
94 HIVDB
Balotta (2001) INCREASING prevalence of non-clade B HIV-1 strains in heterosexual men and women, as monitored by analysis of reverse transcriptase and protease sequences J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 27 (5), 499-505 (2001) 1e-100 19
19PR
19RT
19
19PR
19RT
100 HIVDB
Bang (2007) PREVALENCE of primary antiretroviral resistance: trends in Korea AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24 (1), 83-85 (2008) 0 81
81PR
81RT
81
77PR
81RT
100 HIVDB
Bao (2008) MOLECULAR tracing of sexual HIV Type 1 transmission in the southwest border of China AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24 (5), 733-742 (2008) 0  
2
1PR
2RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Barditch-Crovo (2001) PHASE i/ii trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45 (10), 2733-2739 (2001) 4e-96 14
14RT
14
14RT
100 HIVDB
Barlow (2001) RECOMBINANT strains of HIV type 1 in the United Kingdom AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17 (5), 467-474 (2001) 1e-109  
12
12PR
9RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Barlow (2003) CHARACTERIZATION of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmonNG1) genome sequence from a mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) J. Virol. 77 (12), 6879-6888 (2003) 3e-92 2
1PR
1RT
2IN
2
1RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Barnett (1993) DISTINGUISHING features of an infectious molecular clone of the highly divergent and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain J. Virol. 67 (2), 1006-1014 (1993) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Barnett (1996) DIRECT Submission Submitted (11-OCT-1995) Barton Bryant, HIV Database, Los Ala 2e-98 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Barreto (2006) TRENDS in Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among HIV-1-Infected Blood Donors in Sao Paulo City, Brazil Unpublished 1e-142 6
6PR
6RT
6
4PR
3RT
100 HIVDB
Barrie (1996) NATURAL variation in HIV-1 protease, Gag p7 and p6, and protease cleavage sites within gag/pol polyproteins: amino acid substitutions in the absence of protease inhibitors in mothers and children infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Virology 219 (2), 407-416 (1996) 1e-126  
37
37PR
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Bartolo (2007) ANALYSIS of HIV-1 protease and retrotranscriptase in drug-naive patients from Mozambique Unpublished 0 111
35PR
76RT
111
35PR
76RT
100 HIVDB
Bartolo (2007) MOLECULAR epidemiology of HIV-1 in Angola Unpublished 1e-170  
140
19PR
121RT
0 Pending
Bartolo (2008) MOLECULAR epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in Maputo, Mozambique, and susceptibility to antiretroviral therapy Unpublished 1e-165 1
1PR
1RT
1
1RT
100 HIVDB
Baxter (2006) GENOTYPIC changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease associated with reduced susceptibility and virologic response to the protease inhibitor tipranavir J. Virol. 80 (21), 10794-10801 (2006) 0 1530
1530PR
1394RT
1533
393PR
1397RT
99 HIVDB
Beck (2007) OPTIMIZATION of the Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay (OLA), a Rapid and Inexpensive Test for Detection of HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Mutations, for Non-B Subtypes Unpublished 8e-53  
9
9PR
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Becker (1995) MOLECULAR and phylogenetic characterisation of a Guinea-Bissau-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 2 isolate Unpublished 1e-100 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Becker-Pergola (2000) ANALYSIS of HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase in antiretroviral drug-naive Ugandan adults AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16 (8), 807-813 (2000) 1e-115 54
27PR
27RT
54
27PR
27RT
100 HIVDB
Beer (1999) SIMIAN immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from sun-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus solatus): evidence for host-dependent evolution of SIV within the C. lhoesti superspecies J. Virol. 73 (9), 7734-7744 (1999) 4e-97 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Beer (2000) PATTERNS of genomic sequence diversity among their simian immunodeficiency viruses suggest that L'Hoest monkeys (Cercopithecus lhoesti) are a natural lentivirus reservoir J. Virol. 74 (8), 3892-3898 (2000) 3e-99 3
3IN
3
2PR
3RT
3IN
100 HIVDB
Beer (2001) CHARACTERIZATION of novel simian immunodeficiency viruses from red-capped mangabeys from Nigeria (SIVrcmNG409 and -NG411) J. Virol. 75 (24), 12014-12027 (2001) 1e-133 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
2PR
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Beerenwinkel (2002) DIVERSITY and complexity of HIV-1 drug resistance: a bioinformatics approach to predicting phenotype from genotype Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (12), 8271-8276 (2002) 1e-126 468
448PR
446RT
489
466PR
467RT
95 HIVDB
BENVENISTE (1988)   Unpublished (1990) 6e-99 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Bernardin (2003) PRIMARY Infection of a Male Plasma Donor with Divergent HIV Variants from the Same Source Followed by Rapid Fluctuations in Their Relative Frequency and Viral Recombination AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19 (11), 1009-1015 (2003) 0 3
3PR
3RT
3IN
3
3PR
3RT
3IN
100 HIVDB
Bernardin (2004) HUMAN immunodeficiency virus mutations during the first month of infection are preferentially found in known cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes J. Virol. 79 (17), 11523-11528 (2005) 0 18
18PR
18RT
18IN
18
18PR
18RT
18IN
100 HIVDB
Bernardin (2006) DIRECT Submission Submitted (12-DEC-2005) Molecular Virology, Blood Systems Re 0 13
13PR
13RT
13IN
13
13PR
13RT
13IN
100 HIVDB
Bessong (2004) CHARACTERIZATION of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from a Previously Unexplored Region of South Africa with a High HIV Prevalence AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (1), 103-109 (2005) 1e-168 26
13PR
13RT
26
13PR
13RT
100 HIVDB
Bessong (2005) RESISTANCE mutational analysis of HIV type 1 subtype C among rural South African drug-naive patients prior to large-scale availability of antiretrovirals AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22 (12), 1306-1312 (2006) 1e-177 70
35PR
35RT
70
35PR
35RT
100 HIVDB
Bibollet-Ruche (1996) GENETIC diversity of simian immunodeficiency viruses from West African green monkeys: evidence of multiple genotypes within populations from the same geographical locale J. Virol. 71 (1), 307-313 (1997) 1e-30  
10
10IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
Bibollet-Ruche (2004) NEW simian immunodeficiency virus infecting De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus): evidence for a cercopithecus monkey virus clade J. Virol. 78 (14), 7748-7762 (2004) 0 4
4PR
4RT
4IN
11
4PR
6RT
11IN
36 HIVDB
Bibollet-Ruche (2005) COMPLETE genome analysis of one of the earliest SIVcpzPtt strains from Gabon (SIVcpzGAB2) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (12), 1377-1381 (2004) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Bibollet-Ruche (2005) GENETIC characterization of accessory genes from human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 group O Unpublished 3e-08  
14
14IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
Biesinger (2007) CHANGES in simian immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase alleles that appear during infection of macaques enhance infectivity and replication in CD4(+) T cells Virology 370 (1), 184-193 (2008) 0  
8
8RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Binverted question markelec (2000) HIGH levels of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus variants in patients exhibiting increasing CD4+ T cell counts despite virologic failure of protease inhibitor-containing antiretroviral combination therapy J. Infect. Dis. 181 (5), 1808-1812 (2000) 1e-128 100
100PR
100
100PR
100 HIVDB
Blankson (2007) ISOLATION and Characterization of Replication-Competent HIV-1 from a Subset of Elite Suppressors J. Virol. 81 (5), 2508-2518 (2007) 0 6
6PR
6RT
6IN
6
4PR
6RT
6IN
100 HIVDB
Bleiber (2001) INDIVIDUAL contributions of mutant protease and reverse transcriptase to viral infectivity, replication, and protein maturation of antiretroviral drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 J. Virol. 75 (7), 3291-3300 (2001) 1e-112 21
15PR
14RT
21
15PR
15RT
100 HIVDB
Blick (2006) THE Probable Source of Both the Primary Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) HIV-1 Strain Found in a Patient with Rapid Progression to AIDS and a Second Recombinant MDR Strain Found in a Chronically HIV-1-Infected Patient J. Infect. Dis. 195 (9), 1250-1259 (2007) 1e-163  
13
1PR
13RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Bobkov (2004) DIVERSITY of HIV-1 Subtype A and CRF03_AB Protease in Eastern Europe: Selection of the V77I Variant Followed by Its Rapid Spread in IDU Populations Unpublished 5e-40 27
27PR
30
30PR
90 HIVDB
Bodelle (2004) IDENTIFICATION and Genomic Sequence of an HIV Type 1 Group N Isolate from Cameroon AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (8), 902-908 (2004) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Boeri (2003) EVOLUTIONARY characteristics of HIV-1 variants resistant to protease inhibitors in the absence of drug-selective pressure AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses (2003) In press 0  
18
18PR
18RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Bogh (2001) INVESTIGATING association between baseline HIV-1 genotypic resistance and virological response among protease in-hibitor-naive patients treated with HAART Unpublished 1e-133  
180
112PR
68RT
0 Unpublished
Bonhoeffer (2008) Evidence for positive epistasis in HIV-1 Science 306 (5701), 1547-1550 (2004) 1e-175 7809
7809PR
7809RT
7809
5378PR
7113RT
100 HIVDB
Bouchard (2004) HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance among Naive Patients from Venezuela AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (3), 482-485 (2007) 1e-140 37
17PR
20RT
37
17PR
20RT
100 HIVDB
Bourara (2007) TARGET cell APOBEC3C can induce limited G-to-A mutation in HIV-1 PLoS Pathog. 3 (10), 1477-1485 (2007) 4e-52  
2
2PR
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Bouzeghoub (2005) HIGH Diversity of HIV Type 1 in Algeria AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22 (4), 367-372 (2006) 1e-149 248
133PR
116RT
248
132PR
116RT
100 HIVDB
Bouzeghoub (2008) FIRST Observation of HIV Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Algeria AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24 (11), 1467-1473 (2008) 6e-52  
10
10PR
0 Pending
Brachtel (2002) DEMONSTRATION of de Novo HIV Type 1 Production by Detection of Multiply Spliced and Unspliced HIV Type 1 RNA in Paraffin-Embedded Tonsils AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 18 (11), 785-790 (2002) 1e-62  
43
43PR
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Bradshaw (2007) NOVEL Drug Resistance Pattern Associated with the Mutations K70G and M184V in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51 (12), 4489-4491 (2007) 0 9
4PR
9RT
9
9RT
100 HIVDB
Brandin (2003) POL Gene Sequence Variation in Swedish HIV-2 Patients Failing Antiretroviral Therapy AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19 (7), 543-550 (2003) 3e-97 30
30PR
30RT
30
30PR
30RT
100 HIVDB
Brann (2006) FUNCTIONAL Correlation between a Novel Amino Acid Insertion at Codon 19 in the Protease of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Polymorphism in the p1/p6 Gag Cleavage Site in Drug Resistance and Replication Fitness J. Virol. 80 (12), 6136-6145 (2006) 2e-49 1
1PR
1
1PR
100 Case report(s) / study subset
Brennan (1997) GENETIC variation in human immunodeficiency virus type 2: identification of a unique variant from human plasma AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 13 (5), 401-404 (1997) 0.27 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
100 HIVDB
Brennan (2007) HIV-1 Strains Identified in Brazilian Blood Donors: Significant Prevalence of B/F1 Recombinants AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (11), 1434-1441 (2007) 1e-167 82
82IN
85
85IN
96 HIVDB
Brennan (2009) The prevalence of diverse HIV-1 strains was stable in Cameroonian blood donors from 1996 to 2004 J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 49 (4), 432-439 (2 1e-166 572
572IN
573
573IN
99 HIVDB
Brennan (2009) Identification of HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes and Antiretroviral Drug Resistant Strains in United States Blood Donors Unpublished 0 65
62PR
62RT
3IN
65
43PR
62RT
3IN
100 HIVDB
Brenner (2006) HIV-1 subtype C viruses rapidly develop K65R resistance to tenofovir in cell culture AIDS 20 (9), F9-F13 (2006) 0 5
5PR
5RT
5
3PR
5RT
100 HIVDB
Brenner (2006) HIGH Rates of Forward Transmission Events after Acute/Early HIV-1 Infection J. Infect. Dis. 195 (7), 951-959 (2007) 0  
24
22PR
12RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Brigido (2005) SHORT Communication: Molecular Characteristics of HIV Type 1 Circulating in Sao Paulo, Brazil AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (7), 673-682 (2005) 0  
171
65PR
106RT
0 Pending
Brigido (2008) HIV type 1 subtype C and CB Pol recombinants prevail at the cities with the highest AIDS prevalence rate in Brazil AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (12), 1579-1586 (2007) 0 136
90PR
98RT
136
52PR
97RT
100 HIVDB
Brindeiro (1999) SEQUENCE diversity of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 from Brazilian untreated individuals Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) In press 2e-91 18
18RT
18
18RT
100 HIVDB
Brindeiro (2003) BRAZILIAN Network for HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance (HIV-BResNet): a survey of chronically infected individuals AIDS 17 (7), 1063-1069 (2003) 1e-145 350
199PR
191RT
357
199PR
199RT
98 HIVDB
Briones (2000) DYNAMICS of dominance of a dipeptide insertion in reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 from patients subjected to prolonged therapy Virus Res. 66 (1), 13-26 (2000) 1e-128 161
99PR
161RT
186
180PR
186RT
86 HIVDB
Briones (2003) MEMORY in retroviral quasispecies: experimental evidence and theoretical model for human immunodeficiency virus J. Mol. Biol. 331 (1), 213-229 (2003) 1e-126  
15
15PR
15RT
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Brown (2009) Phylogenetic reconstruction of transmission events from individuals with acute HIV infection: toward more-rigorous epidemiological definitions J. Infect. Dis. 199 (3), 427-431 (2009) 1e-172  
135
118PR
63RT
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Brown (1999) SEQUENCE clusters in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase are associated with subsequent virological response to antiretroviral therapy J. Infect. Dis. 180 (4), 1043-1049 (1999) 1e-130  
55
55PR
55RT
0 DNAChip
Brown (2005) BIOLOGIC and genetic characterization of a panel of 60 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates, representing clades A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, for the development and assessment of candidate vaccines J. Virol. 79 (10), 6089-6101 (2005) 0 21
21PR
21RT
21IN
21
21PR
21RT
21IN
100 HIVDB
Brumme (2007) EVIDENCE of Differential HLA Class I-Mediated Viral Evolution in Functional and Accessory/Regulatory Genes of HIV-1 PLoS Pathog. 3 (7), E94 (2007) 0 811
811PR
594RT
811
773PR
594RT
100 HIVDB
Bruselles (2009) Use of massive parallel pyrosequencing for near full-length characterization of a unique HIV BF recombinant associated with a fatal primary infection Unpublished 0  
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
0 Unpublished
Buckton (2008) DEVELOPMENT and optimization of an internally controlled dried blood spot assay for surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 drug resistance J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62 (6), 1191-1198 (2008) 0  
17
17RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Bulgheroni (2001) UNUSUAL codon 69 insertions: influence on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase drug susceptibility J. Clin. Virol. 29 (1), 27-32 (2004) 4e-77  
3
3RT
0 Pending
Buonaguro (2006) SCREENING of HIV-1 isolates by reverse heteroduplex mobility assay and identification of non-B subtypes in Italy J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 37 (2), 1295-1306 (2004) 0  
3
3RT
3IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Burda (2005) HIV-1 CRF09_cpx circulates in the North West Province of Cameroon where CRF02_AG infections predominate and recombinant strains are common AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (12), 1358-1363 (2004) 2e-50  
17
17PR
0 Sequence quality
Burkala (2005) COMPARTMENTALIZATION of HIV-1 in the central nervous system: role of the choroid plexus AIDS 19 (7), 675-684 (2005) 1e-152  
140
123PR
140RT
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Burns (2005) SEQUENCE variability of the integrase protein from a diverse collection of HIV type 1 isolates representing several subtypes AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 18 (14), 1031-1041 (2002) 1e-159 21
21IN
21
21IN
100 HIVDB
Bussmann (2005) HIV-1 subtype C drug-resistance background among ARV-naive adults in Botswana Unpublished 0 71
71PR
71RT
71
64PR
71RT
100 HIVDB
Bychenko (2009) Isolation and characterization of new HIV-1 subtype A1 strain from Russia, envelope proteins variability analysis Unpublished 0  
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Byrn (2006) HIV-1 in semen: an isolated virus reservoir Lancet 350 (9085), 1141 (1997) 4e-52  
35
35PR
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Cabana (1999) EMERGENCE and genetic evolution of HIV-1 variants with mutations conferring resistance to multiple reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors J. Med. Virol. 59 (4), 480-490 (1999) 1e-125 92
54PR
38RT
92
54PR
38RT
100 HIVDB
Cabrera (2008) RALTEGRAVIR Susceptibility and Fitness Progression of HIV-1 Integrase in Patients on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy Unpublished 1e-167 135
135IN
135
135IN
100 HIVDB
Calazans (2003) LOW Accumulation of L90M in Protease from Subtype F HIV-1 with Resistance to Protease Inhibitors Is Caused by the L89M Polymorphism J. Infect. Dis. 191 (11), 1961-1970 (2005) 1e-126 50
50PR
50RT
52
52PR
51RT
96 HIVDB
Cali (2004) EVIDENCE for host-driven selection of the HIV type 1 vpr gene in vivo during HIV disease progression in a transfusion-acquired cohort AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (8), 728-733 (2005) 0 15
15IN
15
15PR
15RT
15IN
100 HIVDB
Calugi (2006) ENTIRE Genome of a Strain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 with a Deletion of nef That Was Recovered 20 Years after Primary Infection: Large Pool of Proviruses with Deletions of env J. Virol. 80 (23), 11892-11896 (2006) 0  
1
1RT
1IN
0 Sequence quality
Calvez (2002) IMPACT of stavudine phenotype and thymidine analogues mutations on viral response to stavudine plus lamivudine in ALTIS 2 ANRS trial Antivir. Ther. (Lond.) 7 (3), 211-218 (2002) 2e-94  
26
26RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Candotti (1999) AIDS in an HIV-seronegative Ghanaian woman with intersubtype A/G recombinant HIV-1 infection J. Med. Virol. 62 (1), 1-8 (2000) 1e-165 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Canducci (2008) DYNAMIC patterns of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase gene evolution in patients failing Raltegravir based salvage therapies Unpublished 1e-154 37
37IN
37
37IN
100 HIVDB
Cao (2007) HIV subtype distribution in a cohort of HIV infected Ugandans: clinical implications Unpublished 0  
46
26PR
46RT
0 Pending
Cardoso (2009) HIV-1 pol Phylogenetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance Mutations in Treatment Naive Patients From Central West Brazil Unpublished 1e-52 29
29PR
29RT
29
29PR
100 HIVDB
Caride (2000) DRUG-RESISTANT reverse transcriptase genotyping and phenotyping of B and non-B subtypes (F and A) of human immunodeficiency virus type I found in Brazilian patients failing HAART Virology 275 (1), 107-115 (2000) 5e-89 14
14RT
14
14RT
100 HIVDB
Caride (2001) GENOTYPIC and phenotypic evidence of different drug-resistance mutation patterns between B and non-B subtype isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 found in Brazilian patients failing HAART Virus Genes 23 (2), 193-202 (2001) 1e-123 14
14PR
28
28PR
50 HIVDB
Carneiro-Proietti (1997) DIRECT Submission Submitted (14-NOV-1996) Lab. Virus, Dept. Microbiologia, Uni 1e-128  
1
1PR
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Caron (2008) HUMAN immunodeficiency virus type 1 seroprevalence and antiretroviral drug resistance-associated mutations in miners in Gabon, central Africa AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24 (9), 1225-1228 (2008) 2e-50 2
2PR
2
2PR
100 HIVDB
Carr (1996) FULL-LENGTH sequence and mosaic structure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate from Thailand J. Virol. 70 (9), 5935-5943 (1996) 1e-165 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (1998) FULL genome sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes G and A/G intersubtype recombinants Virology 247 (1), 22-31 (1998) 1e-164 3
3PR
3RT
3IN
3
3PR
3RT
3IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (1999) CHARACTERIZATION of subtype A HIV-1 from Africa by full genome sequencing AIDS 13 (14), 1819-1826 (1999) 1e-166 7
7PR
7RT
7IN
7
7PR
7RT
7IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (1999) DIRECT Submission Submitted (07-JUL-1998) Molecular Epidemiology, Henry M. Jac 1e-164 4
4PR
4RT
4IN
4
4PR
4RT
4IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (2001) THE AG Recombinant IbNG and Novel Strains of Group M HIV-1 are Common in Cameroon Virology (2001) In press 1e-166 7
7PR
7RT
7IN
7
7PR
7RT
7IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (2001) DIVERSE BF recombinants have spread widely since the introduction of HIV-1 into South America AIDS 15 (15), F41-F47 (2001) 1e-165 21
21PR
21RT
21IN
21
21PR
21RT
21IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (2004) OUTBREAK of a West African recombinant of HIV-1 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 39 (5), 570-575 (2005) 0 245
233PR
232RT
12IN
246
242PR
241RT
12IN
99 HIVDB
Carr (2005) HIV Subtype and Drug Resistance Patterns among Drug Naive Persons in Jos, Nigeria Unpublished 0 23
23PR
23RT
7IN
23
9PR
23RT
7IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (2006) FIRST report of an HIV-1 triple recombinant of subtypes B, C and F in Buenos Aires, Argentina Unpublished 0 10
10PR
10RT
10IN
10
9PR
10RT
10IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (2006) HIGH Genetic Complexity of HIV-1 in low-prevalence, rural regions of Cameroon Unpublished 0 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
1PR
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Carr (2008) HIV-1 in the Caribbean is Dominated by Subtype B Unpublished 1e-139  
62
59PR
27RT
0 Unpublished
Carr (2008) IDENTIFICATION of CRF17_BF in Four South American Countries Unpublished 0  
6
1PR
6RT
6IN
0 Pending
Carr (2008) HIV-1 Epidemic in the Caribbean is Dominated by Subtype B Unpublished 0  
15
10PR
15RT
15IN
0 Pending
Carrion (2002) CIRCULATING Recombinant Form CRF02_AG in South America AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19 (4), 329-332 (2003) 1e-163 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
2PR
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Carrion (2004) DOCUMENTATION of subtype C HIV Type 1 strains in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (9), 1022-1025 (2004) 0 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
7
7PR
7RT
2IN
28 HIVDB
Carrion (2009) Molecular characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among children in Lima, Peru AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses (2009) In press 1e-173  
2
2RT
0 Pending
Casado (2003) NEAR Full-Length Genome Characterization of an HIV Type 1 CRF05_DF Virus from Spain AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 19 (8), 719-725 (2003) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Casado (2005) DIRECT Submission Submitted (18-JAN-2005) Patogenia Viral, Instituto de Salud 1e-126  
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Casado (2007) IDENTIFICATION of a novel HIV-1 circulating ADG intersubtype recombinant form (CRF19_cpx) in Cuba J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 40 (5), 532-537 (2005) 0 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
1PR
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Castro (2002) MOLECULAR epidemiology of HIV-1 in Venezuela: high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype B and identification of a B/F recombinant infection J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 32 (3), 338-344 (2003) 7e-77 2
1PR
1RT
2
1PR
1RT
100 HIVDB
Castro (2004) BODY Compartments Follow-up & HIV-1 Mosaic Genome Definition. E7109254 (in) EXTENDED ABSTRACT BOOK, XV INTERNATIONAL AIDS CONFERENC 1e-135  
4
4RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Castro (2004) RESISTANCE mutations and molecular characterization of HIV-1 isolates from Venezuelan patients with virological failure Unpublished 1e-136  
41
20PR
21RT
0 Pending
Caumont (2001) SEQUENCE analysis of Env C2/V3, Gag p17/p24, and Prot regions of 25 HIV-1 isolates from Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Unpublished 9e-98 26
24PR
2RT
27
25PR
2RT
96 HIVDB
Ceballos (2009) HIV dual infection with subtype B and BF recombinants in Argentina Unpublished 1e-51  
33
33PR
0 Pending
Ceccherini-Silberstein (2005) IDENTIFICATION of the minimal conserved structure of HIV-1 protease in the presence and absence of drug pressure AIDS 18 (12), F11-F19 (2004) 0  
477
242PR
477RT
0 Pending
Ceccherini-Silberstein (2006) HIGH sequence conservation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase under drug pressure despite the continuous appearance of mutations J. Virol. 79 (16), 10718-10729 (2005) 0  
178
123PR
178RT
0 Pending
Ceccherini-Silberstein (2007) IMPACT of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Polymorphism F214L on Virological Response to Thymidine Analogue-Based Regimens in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Naive and ART-Experienced Patients J. Infect. Dis. 196 (8), 1180-1190 (2007) 0  
237
217PR
88RT
0 Pending
Ceccherini-Silberstein (2007) CHARACTERIZATION and structural analysis of novel mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase involved in the regulation of resistance to nonnucleoside inhibitors J. Virol. 81 (20), 11507-11519 (2007) 0  
75
44PR
75RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Ceccherini-Silberstein (2007) IMPACT of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Polymorphism F214L on Virological Response to Thymidine Analogue-Based Regimens in Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)-Naive and ART-Experienced Patients J. Infect. Dis. 196 (8), 1180-1190 (2007) 4e-49  
7
7PR
0 Pending
Cenci (1997) SELECTED nucleotide sequence of the pol gene of the monocytotropic strain HIV type 1 BaL AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 13 (7), 629-632 (1997) 5e-49 1
1RT
1
1RT
100 HIVDB
Cenci (2003) LOW Intra-Host Diversity in HIV-1 Protease Gene in Untreated Primary Infection: a Crucial Role for Purifying Selection Unpublished 1e-126  
67
67PR
0 Unpublished
Cenci (2004) HIV-1 pol genotype divergence in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of untreated patients in acute and chronic infection Unpublished 1e-108  
58
44PR
14RT
0 Unpublished
Chaix (2003) STABLE prevalence of genotypic drug resistance mutations but increase in non-B virus among patients with HIV-1 primary infection in France Unpublished 1e-116 244
244RT
244
244RT
100 HIVDB
Chakrabarti (1999) SEQUENCE of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses Nature 328 (6130), 543-547 (1987) 1e-98 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Chakraborty (2003) FAILURE to detect human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection in 28 HIV-seroconcordant individuals with high risk of reexposure to the virus AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (9), 1026-1031 (2004) 0  
162
81PR
81RT
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Chakraborty (2003) CAN HIV-1 superinfection compromise antiretroviral therapy? AIDS 18 (1), 132-134 (2004) 2e-87  
8
8RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Chaloin (2004) ANTIVIRAL activity of reverse trancriptase inhibitors with different HIV strains and isolates Unpublished 0  
14
14RT
8IN
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Chamberland (2007) CHARACTERIZATION of drug resistance in a cohort of subjects on antiretroviral therapy infected with HIV-1 CRF02_AG and AGK subtypes in Mali and Burkina Faso Unpublished 0 88
88PR
88RT
88
11PR
88RT
100 HIVDB
Chang (2006) MOLECULAR Epidemiology of HIV Type 1 Subtypes in Taiwan: Outbreak of HIV Type 1 CRF07)BC Infection in Intravenous Drug Users AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22 (11), 1055-1066 (2006) 1e-145 152
152PR
152RT
152
128PR
146RT
100 HIVDB
Chang (2000) DIFFERENTIAL stability of the mRNA secondary structures in the frameshift site of various HIV type 1 viruses AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15 (17), 1591-1596 (1999) 1e-163 5
5PR
5RT
5IN
5
5PR
5RT
5IN
100 HIVDB
Chang (2000) SEQUENCE features downstream of the primer-binding site of HIV type 1 subtype E shared by subtype G and a subset of subtype A AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15 (18), 1703-1706 (1999) 1e-163 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Chantratita (1999) HIV-1 resistant to antiretroviral drugs in Thailand Unpublished 1e-128  
722
342PR
469RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Charpentier (2009) Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients treated in Douala, Cameroon Unpublished 0  
56
1PR
56RT
0 Pending
Chen (1996) GENETIC characterization of new West African simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm: geographic clustering of household-derived SIV strains with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 subtypes and genetically diverse viruses from a single feral sooty mangabey troop J. Virol. 70 (6), 3617-3627 (1996) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Cheng (1992) MOLECULAR characterization of HIV-2 (ROD) protease following PCR cloning from virus infected H9 cells Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 312, 83-88 (1992) 2e-24 1
1PR
1
1PR
100 HIVDB
Chin (2006) INVERSE Relationship between Viral Load and Genotypic Resistance Mutations in Korean Patients with Primary HIV Type 1 Infections AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22 (11), 1142-1147 (2006) 1e-147 52
52PR
52RT
52
49PR
52RT
100 HIVDB
Chin (2007) EARLY identification of seronegative human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection with severe presentation J. Clin. Microbiol. 45 (5), 1659-1662 (2007) 1e-143  
3
3PR
3RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Chin (2007) FACTORS Associated with Short-term Clinical Parameters after Genotypic Resistance Assay in Korean Patients with HIV-1 Subtype B Virologic Failure Unpublished 1e-146  
40
23PR
40RT
0 Unpublished
Cho (2005) DIRECT Submission Submitted (26-APR-2005) Microbiology, University of Ulsan Co 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Cho (2005) FULL-LENGTH sequences of long-term slow progressor Unpublished 0 6
6PR
6RT
6IN
6
5PR
6RT
6IN
100 HIVDB
Cho (2006) VARIATION of vif gene according to progression rate in Korean patients: association with KRG treatment Unpublished 0.02  
105
105IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
Cho (2006) HIV-1 Vif gene Unpublished 0.02  
75
75IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
Cho (2008) HIGH Frequency of Gross Deletions in the 5' LTR and gag Regions in HIV Type 1-Infected Long-Term Survivors Treated with Korean Red Ginseng AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24 (2), 181-193 (2008) 1e-52  
18
17PR
1IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Cho (2001) LONG-TERM intake of Korean red ginseng in HIV-1-infected patients: development of resistance mutation to zidovudine is delayed Int. Immunopharmacol. 1 (7), 1295-1305 (2001) 4e-96 16
16RT
37
37RT
43 HIVDB
Cho (2002) FREQUENCY of mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in Korea J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 (4), 1319-1325 (2002) 1e-118 22
22RT
23
6PR
22RT
95 HIVDB
Cho (2003) MOLECULAR epidemiologic study of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 outbreak in haemophiliacs B infected through clotting factor 9 after 1990 Vox Sang. 92 (2), 113-120 (2007) 0 1
1PR
186
149PR
161RT
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Cho (2005) FULL sequence of HIV type 1 Korean subtype B in an AIDS case with atypical seroconversion: TAAAA at TATA box AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 21 (11), 961-964 (2005) 0  
1
1RT
1IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Cho (2006) HIGH frequency of grossly deleted nef genes in HIV-1 infected long-term slow progressors treated with Korean red ginseng Curr. HIV Res. 4 (4), 447-457 (2006) 0.02  
3
3IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
Choi (1997) HIV type 1 isolate Z321, the strain used to make a therapeutic HIV type 1 immunogen, is intersubtype recombinant AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 13 (4), 357-361 (1997) 1e-164 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Church (2007) HIV type 1 variants with nevirapine resistance mutations are rarely detected in antiretroviral drug-naive African women with subtypes A, C, and D AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (6), 764-768 (2007) 0 47
47PR
47RT
47
7PR
47RT
100 HIVDB
Church (2009) Analysis of NVP resistance in Ugandan infants who were HIV-infected despite receiving single dose (SD) nevirapine (NVP) vs. SD NVP plus up to 6-weeks of daily NVP to prevent HIV vertical transmission Unpublished 0 49
49PR
49RT
49
15PR
49RT
100 HIVDB
Ciccozzi (2005) MOLECULAR Diversity of HIV in Albania J. Infect. Dis. 192 (3), 475-479 (2005) 0 66
66PR
66RT
66
63PR
66RT
100 HIVDB
Ciccozzi (2007) THE HIV type 1 epidemic in Bulgaria involves multiple subtypes and is sustained by continuous viral inflow from West and East European countries AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24 (6), 771-779 (2008) 1e-143 33
33PR
33RT
33
33RT
100 HIVDB
Cilla (2001) MOLECULAR evidence of homosexual transmission of HIV type 2 in Spain AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17 (5), 417-422 (2001) 7e-05  
4
4RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Cinque (2001) EFFECT of genotypic resistance on the virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in cerebrospinal fluid AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17 (5), 377-383 (2001) 1e-129 33
15PR
18RT
57
24PR
33RT
57 HIVDB
Clarke (2005) REVERSE transcriptase and protease sequences from HIV-1 non-subtype B infected persons in the United Kingdom Unpublished 0 274
118PR
156RT
497
334PR
379RT
55 HIVDB
Clavel (1996) MOLECULAR cloning and polymorphism of the human immune deficiency virus type 2 Nature 324 (6098), 691-695 (1986) 1e-98 2
1PR
1RT
2IN
2
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Cleland (1996) EVOLUTION of zidovudine resistance-associated genotypes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 12 (1), 6-1 1e-123 356
356RT
370
370RT
96 Evolution/quasispecies study
Clevenbergh (2002) LONG-TERM virologic outcome in patients infected with multi-nucleoside analogue resistant HIV-1 Antivir. Ther. (Lond.) (2002) In press 1e-121 24
12PR
12RT
24
12PR
12RT
100 HIVDB
Clewley (1998) A novel simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVdrl) pol sequence from the drill monkey, Mandrillus leucophaeus J. Virol. 72 (12), 10305-10309 (1998) 1.1 1
1PR
1RT
1
1RT
100 HIVDB
Clewley (2001) DIRECT Submission Unpublished 0 1
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Cloyd (1990) SPECTRUM of biological properties of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) isolates Virology 174 (1), 103-116 (1990) 1e-164  
2
2PR
2RT
2IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Collman (2000) V3-INDEPENDENT determinants of macrophage tropism in a primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate Unpublished 1e-163  
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
0 Laboratory/experimental isolate
Colonno (2004) IDENTIFICATION of I50L as the Signature Atazanavir (ATV)Resistance Mutation in Treatment-Naive HIV-1Infected Patients Receiving ATV-Containing Regimens J. Infect. Dis. 189 (10), 1802-1810 (2004) 3e-51 11
11PR
11
11PR
100 HIVDB
Condra (1996) GENETIC correlates of in vivo viral resistance to indinavir, a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor J. Virol. 70 (12), 8270-8276 (1996) 1e-130 421
421PR
421
421PR
100 HIVDB
Cong (2006) THE Fitness Cost of Mutations Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Is Modulated by Mutational Interactions J. Virol. 81 (6), 3037-3041 (2007) 1e-172  
4
4RT
0 Laboratory/experimental isolate
Coovadia (2008) PERSISTENT Minority K103N Mutations among Women Exposed to Single-Dose Nevirapine and Virologic Response to Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor-Based Therapy Clin. Infect. Dis. (2009) In press 1e-168  
15
15RT
0 Unpublished
Corbet (1999) ENV sequences of simian immunodeficiency viruses from chimpanzees in Cameroon are strongly related to those of human immunodeficiency virus group N from the same geographic area J. Virol. 74 (1), 529-534 (2000) 1e-147 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
2
1PR
1RT
2IN
50 HIVDB
Cornelissen (1997) POL gene diversity of five human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes: evidence for naturally occurring mutations that contribute to drug resistance, limited recombination patterns, and common ancestry for subtypes B and D J. Virol. 71 (9), 6348-6358 (1997) 1e-126 42
42PR
42RT
42
42PR
42RT
100 HIVDB
Cornelissen (2000) SPREAD of distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 AG recombinant lineages in Africa J. Gen. Virol. 81 (Pt 2), 515-523 (2000) 2e-86 20
20PR
20RT
21
21PR
21RT
95 HIVDB
Courgnaud (1992) GENETIC differences accounting for evolution and pathogenicity of simian immunodeficiency virus from a sooty mangabey monkey after cross-species transmission to a pig-tailed macaque J. Virol. 66 (1), 414-419 (1992) 4.2 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
2
2RT
50 HIVDB
Courgnaud (2001) CHARACTERIZATION of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus from guereza colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Cameroon: a new lineage in the nonhuman primate lentivirus family J. Virol. 75 (2), 857-866 (2001) 1e-76 3
1PR
1RT
3IN
3
1PR
3RT
3IN
100 HIVDB
Courgnaud (2002) CHARACTERIZATION of a Novel Simian Immunodeficiency Virus with a vpu Gene from Greater Spot-Nosed Monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans) Provides New Insights into Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Phylogeny J. Virol. 76 (16), 8298-8309 (2002) 4e-97 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Courgnaud (2003) PARTIAL Molecular Characterization of Two Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses (SIV) from African Colobids: SIVwrc from Western Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius) and SIVolc from Olive Colobus (Procolobus verus) J. Virol. 77 (1), 744-748 (2003) 1e-149 1
1PR
1RT
5
5RT
5IN
20 HIVDB
Courgnaud (2003) IDENTIFICATION of a New Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Lineage with a vpu Gene Present among Different Cercopithecus Monkeys (C. mona, C. cephus, and C. nictitans) from Cameroon J. Virol. 77 (23), 12523-12534 (2003) 0 2
2PR
2RT
2IN
2
2RT
2IN
100 HIVDB
Couto-Fernandez (2006) PHYLOGENETIC Analysis of Brazilian HIV Type 1 Subtype D Strains: Tracing the Origin of This Subtype in Brazil AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22 (2), 207-211 (2006) 0 5
5IN
10
3PR
5RT
5IN
50 HIVDB
Crandall (1999) PARALLEL evolution of drug resistance in HIV: failure of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio to detect selection Mol. Biol. Evol. 16 (3), 372-382 (1999) 1e-121 41
41PR
41
41PR
100 HIVDB
Crandall (1999) ADVANCES in understanding the evolution of HIV AIDS 13, S39-S47 (1999) 1e-102  
49
49PR
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Crowell (2003) OPTIMIZATION of Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay for Detection of Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-Subtype B HIV-1 Unpublished 1e-133  
18
17PR
18RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Cunningham (2002) DEVELOPMENT of resistance mutations in women receiving standard antiretroviral therapy who received intrapartum nevirapine to prevent perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission: A substudy of pediatric AIDS clinical trials group protocol 316 J. Infect. Dis. 186 (2), 181-188 (2002) 5e-92  
79
79RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
D'Arrigo (2007) GP41 Sequence Variability in HIV Type 1 Non-B Subtypes Infected Patients Undergoing Enfuvirtide Pressure AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (10), 1296-1302 (2007) 0  
3
3RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Damond (2004) POLYMORPHISM of HIV-2 protease gene and selection of drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 infected patients treated with protease inhibitors J. Clin. Microbiol. (2004) In press 5e-25  
94
94PR
0 Pending
Damond (2006) IDENTIFICATION of a highly divergent HIV type 2 and proposal for a change in HIV type 2 classification AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (6), 666-672 (2004) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Daniel (1993) SIMIAN immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys J. Virol. 62 (11), 4123-4128 (1988) 1e-33  
1
1RT
0 Gene fragment(s)
Dash (2007) EXCEPTIONAL molecular and coreceptor-requirement properties of molecular clones isolated from an Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 subtype-C infection Retrovirology 5 (1), 25 (2008) 0  
1
1RT
1IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Dazza (2003) CHARACTERIZATION of a novel vpu-harboring simian immunodeficiency virus from a Dent's Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona denti) J. Virol. 79 (13), 8560-8571 (2005) 0 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
De Arellano (2007) IMPACT of Ethnicity and HIV Type 1 Subtype on Response to First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 23 (7), 891-894 (2007) 1e-134  
10
10PR
1RT
0 Pending
de Baar (2001) NATURAL residues versus antiretroviral drug-selected mutations in HIV type 1 group O reverse transcriptase and protease related to virological drug failure in vivo AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 16 (14), 1385-1394 (2000) 2e-17 5
5PR
5RT
5
5PR
5RT
100 HIVDB
De Maio (2008) MOLECULAR characterization of the vif accessory gene of HIV-1 from perinatally infected children with different rates of disease progression Unpublished 0.032  
6
6IN
0 Gene fragment(s)
de Mendoza (2005) RESISTANCE to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-B subtypes are on the rise among recent HIV-1 infections in Spain Unpublished 0  
20
19PR
20RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
de Oliveira (2008) HIGH frequency of BF mosaic genomes among HIV-1-infected children from Sao Paulo, Brazil Arch. Virol. 153 (10), 1799-1806 (2008) 0  
113
51PR
65RT
0 Pending
De Pasquale (2004) DIFFERENCES in HIV-1 pol sequences from female genital tract and blood during antiretroviral therapy Unpublished 0  
39
39PR
39RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
de Ronde (2001) ESTABLISHMENT of new transmissible and drug-sensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 wild types due to transmission of nucleoside analogue-resistant virus J. Virol. 75 (2), 595-602 (2001) 2e-91  
8
8RT
0 Case report(s) / study subset
De Sa-Filho (2008) HIV Type 1 pol Gene Diversity and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Santos, Brazil AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses (2008) In press 1e-154 83
83PR
83RT
83
31PR
83RT
100 HIVDB
Deacon (1995) GENOMIC structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients Science 270 (5238), 988-991 (1995) 1e-161 1
1PR
1RT
1IN
1
1PR
1RT
1IN
100 HIVDB
Deeks (1999) NOVEL four-drug salvage treatment regimens after failure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor-containing regimen: antiviral activity and correlation of baseline phenotypic drug susceptibility with virologic outcome J. Infect. Dis. 179 (6), 1375-1381 (1999) 1e-127 15
15PR
15RT
16
16PR
16RT
93 HIVDB
Dehghani (2003) UNIQUE Pattern of Convergent Envelope Evolution in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rapid Progressor Macaques: Association with CD4-Independent Usage of CCR5 J. Virol. 77 (11), 6405-6418 (2003) 1e-101  
2
2RT
2IN
0 Laboratory/experimental isolate
Deho (2008) SUBTYPE assignment and phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 strains in patients of Swaziland AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses (2008) In press 5e-50  
7
7PR
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Delaugerre (2003) SELECTION of a rare resistance profile in an HIV-1-infected patient exhibiting a failure to an antiretroviral regimen including tenofovir DF J. Clin. Virol. 32 (3), 241-244 (2005) 1e-142 1
1RT
1
1RT
100 HIVDB
Delgado (2001) ANALYSIS of HIV type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase sequences from Venezuela for drug resistance-associated mutations and subtype classification: a UNAIDS study AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 17 (8), 753-758 (2001) 1e-130 199
100PR
100RT
1IN
199
100PR
100RT
100 HIVDB
Delgado (2002) IDENTIFICATION of a newly characterized HIV-1 BG intersubtype circulating recombinant form in Galicia, Spain, which exhibits a pseudotype-like virion structure J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 29 (5), 536-543 (2002) 2e-71 9
9PR
9RT
9IN
9
9PR
9RT
100 HIVDB
Delgado (2008) HIGH prevalence of unique recombinant forms of HIV-1 in Ghana: Molecular epidemiology from an antiretroviral resistance study Unpublished 0  
190
2PR
190RT
0 Pending
Delobel (2004) EVIDENCE for compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in different blood cell types during prolonged suppressive antiretroviral therapy Unpublished 1e-129  
212
212RT
0 Evolution/quasispecies study
Demarest (2009) Virologic failure in first-line human immunodeficiency virus therapy with a CCR5 entry inhibitor, aplaviroc, plus a fixed-dose combination of lamivudine-zidovudine: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance regardless of envelope tropism Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53 (3), 1116-1123 (2 1e-171  
14
10PR
13RT
0 Pending
Demeter (2000) DELAVIRDINE susceptibilities and associated reverse transcriptase mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients in a phase I/II trial of delavirdine monotherapy (ACTG 260) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44 (3), 794-797 (2000) 4e-96 67
67RT
67
67RT
100 HIVDB
Demeter (2001) IMPACT of Clinical Reverse Transcriptase Sequences on the Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Mutants Unpublished 4e-96 15
15RT
15
15RT
100 HIVDB
Derache (2006) GENETIC Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 from Untreated Patients in Bamako, Mali Antivir. Ther. (Lond.) (2007) In press 1e-140 94
93PR
94RT
94
18PR
93RT
100 HIVDB
Derache (2008) EVOLUTION of genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 among untreated patients from Mali between 2005 and 2006 J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 62 (3), 456-463 (2008) 1e-145 105
105PR
105RT
105
2PR
105RT
100 HIVDB
Deroo (2002) HIV-1 subtypes in Luxembourg, 1983-2000 AIDS 16 (18), 2461-2467 (2002) 1e-133  
568
284PR
284RT
0 ARV Rx and/or other data are N/A
Desai (2008) DIRECT Submission Submitted (05-AUG-2008) Department of Neurovirology, Nationa 0  
1
1RT
1IN
0 Case report(s) / study subset
Desai (2009) HIV-2 isolate NNVB-HIV-2 from India, partial genome Unpublished 1e-24  
1
1IN
0 Pending
Desai (2000) MOLECULAR cloning and primary nucleotide sequence analysis of a distinct human immunodeficiency virus isolate reveal significant divergence in its genomic sequences Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (21), 8380-8384 (1986) 6e-74  
1
1PR
0 Gene fragment(s)
Descamps (1997) SUSCEPTIBILITY of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O isolates to antiretroviral agents: in vitro phenotypic and genotypic analyses J. Virol. 71 (11), 8893-8898 (1997) 3e-19 10
10PR
10RT
10
10PR
10RT
100 HIVDB
Deshpande (2004) MOLECULAR characterization of HIV type 1 isolates from untreated patients of Mumbai (Bombay), India, and detection of rare resistance mutations AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 20 (9), 1032-1035 (2004) 1e-146 248
122PR
126RT
248
122PR
126RT
100 HIVDB
Desire (2001) QUANTIFICATION o