Isolate Data
| Patient | Isolate | Region | Year | Species | Subtype | Source | Clone Method |
| HMDR-3 | 3-197C | U.S. | 1997 | HIV1 | B | PBMC | None |
Treatment History
| Order | Regimen | Weeks |
| 1 | AZT | 52 |
| 2 | DDI | 86 |
| 3 | SQV | 25 |
| 4 | 3TC+AZT+DDI | 43 |
| 5 | 3TC+D4T+IDV | 21 |
| 6 | RTV+SQV | 30 |
Protease Sequence
| PIMajorDRMs | PIMinorDRMs | Polys | UnusualMuts |
| G48V, I54T, V82A | L10I, G16A, R41K, Q61H, I62V, L63Q, A71V, T74A, V77I, I93L |
| >3-197C| codons 1-99 PQITLWQRPIVTIKIAGQLKEALLDTGADDTVLEEMNLPGKWKPKMIVGIGGFTKVRQYD HVQIEICGHKVIGAVLIGPTPANIIGRNLLTQLGCTLNF |
RT Sequence
| NRTIMajorDRMs | NRTIMinorDRMs | NNRTIMajorDRMs | NNRTIMinorDRMs | Polys | UnusualMuts |
| M41L, D67N, M184V, L210W, T215Y | K219N | V35I, K43N, V60I, A98S, V118I, K122E, I135V, G196GE, Q207E, R211K | E40E*DY |
| >3-197C| codons 26-245 LTEEKIKALIEICTYLENEGKISKIGPENPYNTPIFAIKKKNSTKWRKLVDFRELNKRTQ DFWEVQLGIPHPSGLKKKKSVTVLDVGDAYFSIPLDEDFRKYTAFTIPSVNNETPGIRYQ YNVLPQGWKGSPAIFQSSMTKILEPFRKQNPDIVIYQYVDDLYVGSDLEIEQHRTKIEEL REHLWKWGFYTPDNKHQKEPPFLWMGYELHPDKWTVQPIV |
References
| Author | Title | Citation |
| Palmer, S | Highly drug-resistant HIV-1 clinical isolates are cross-resistant to many antiretroviral compounds in current clinical development. | AIDS, 1999 |
| Shafer, RW | Multiple concurrent reverse transcriptase and protease mutations and multidrug resistance of HIV-1 isolates from heavily treated patients. | Ann Intern Med, 1998 |
| Wu, TD | Mutation patterns and structural correlates in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease following different protease inhibitor treatments. | J Virol, 2003 |
| Gonzales, MJ | Protease and reverse transcriptase mutation patterns in HIV-1 isolates from heavily treated persons: comparison of isolates from northern California with isolates from other regions. | ARHR, 2003 |
| Rhee, SY | HIV-1 Protease and Reverse Transcriptase Mutations: Correlations with Antiretroviral Therapy in Subtype B Isolates and Implications for Drug-Resistance Surveillance. | J Infect Dis, 2005 |